Alterations in total microbial activity and nitrification rates in soil due to amoxicillin‐spiked pig manure     

Anja Kotzerke  Melanie Fulle  Shilpi Sharma  Kristina Kleineidam  Gerhard Welzl  Marc Lamshöft  Michael Schloter  Berndt‐Michael Wilke 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(1):56-64

Most veterinary drugs enter the environment via manure application. However, ecotoxic effects of antibiotics are varying as a function of their physicochemical characteristics and for most antibiotics it is still unclear how these substances interact with soil biota. It was the aim of the present study to investigate effects of manure containing different concentrations of the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) on microbial‐community function in two different soils over an incubation time of 18 d. Therefore, soil respiration, potential nitrification, and the products of N turnover were measured. We could show that CaCl₂‐extractable amounts of AMX in soil are low, even shortly after the application of high doses together with manure. Thus, not surprisingly basal respiration in soil was not influenced by the addition of the antibiotic with manure. In contrast, mainly shortly after manure addition the kinetic of substrate‐induced respiration was clearly shifted by the treatments depending on the presence of AMX in the manure. Potential nitrification rates in the two different soils were not significantly affected when data were related to the overall incubation time by the application of AMX to the manure. However, shortly after the addition of the manure containing AMX, a tendency to lower turnover rates was visible compared to the application of pure manure.  相似文献   

Resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides in Germany and future strategies to control Rattus norvegicus     

Hans-Joachim Pelz  Detlef Hnisch  Gerhard Lauenstein 《Pest management science》1995,43(1):61-67

Widespread anticoagulant resistance was discovered in populations of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in an area of roughly 8000 km² in north-west Germany. Resistance testing was performed by feeding tests and/or by measuring blood clotting response after intraperitoneal injection of a sublethal testing solution. A hierarchical resistance system was found with warfarin resistance at the base followed by bromadiolone/coumatetralyl resistance to difenacoum resistance at the top. Warfarin resistance was spread over the whole area with reduced incidence towards the edges. Difenacoum resistance represented the highest level found so far and was restricted to the inner zone of the resistance area where it occurred with a frequency of 6% of all individuals tested. Breeding experiments with bromadiolone-resistant rats showed that expression of the bromadiolone resistance gene differed in the two sexes, suggesting additional sex-linked modifying effects to the resistance gene. Control strategy within the resistance area with respect to prevention of further selection for resistance is discussed.  相似文献   

Factors affecting intraocular pressure in lions     

Ofri R  Steinmetz A  Thielebein J  Horowitz IH  Oechtering G  Kass PH 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(1):124-129

The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed analysis of the relationship between age and intraocular pressure (IOP) in lions. Tonometry was conducted in 33 lions aged 5 days to 80 months. Age was significantly associated with IOP (P<0.005). Mean IOP was 12.8+/- and 23.9+/-4.1 mmHg in lions < or =1 year old and >1 year old, respectively. IOP linearly rose with age during the first 20 months of life, plateaued until approximately 40 months, and then gradually declined (r=0.85). Age-related changes in IOP were highly correlated with ultrasonographic measurements of intraocular dimensions (r > or = 0.72), and may be a determinant factor in developmental ocular growth. The dramatic rise in IOP of young lions is similar to that observed in children, but has not been previously demonstrated in animals. Significant IOP differences between lion sub-species were also demonstrated.  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in histologically confirmed Pug dog encephalitis     

Thomas Flegel  Diana Henke  Irene C Boettcher  Heike Aupperle  Gerhard Oechtering  Kaspar Matiasek 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(5):419-424

The purpose of the study was to describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of histologically confirmed necrotizing encephalitis in four Pugs and to compare those findings with MR imaging characteristics of necrotizing encephalitis in other breeds. All dogs had the following common findings: lesions restricted to the forebrain, both cerebral hemispheres diffusely but asymmetrically affected, lesions affected gray and white matter resulting in loss of distinction between both, most severe lesions in occipital and parietal lobes, lesions were irregularly T2-hyperintense and T1-isointense to slightly T1-hypointense, and no cavitation. There were various degrees of contrast enhancement of brain and leptomeninges. Asymmetry of lateral ventricles and midline shift was seen in one dog each. Two dogs had brain herniation, which may have contributed to the progression of neurologic signs. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images in the hippocampus and piriform lobe was consistent with excitotoxic edema, whereas similar imaging features in other forebrain areas corresponded to areas of inflammation or liquefaction on histopathology. In comparison with necrotizing encephalitis in other canine breeds, Pug dog encephalitis has some unique MR imaging features. Therefore, these characteristics cannot be applied to other breeds, nor should imaging features of necrotizing encephalitis of other canine breeds be used for interpretation of MR images in Pug dogs.  相似文献   

Is routine pre-anaesthetic haematological and biochemical screening justified in dogs?     

Alef M  von Praun F  Oechtering G 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(2):132-140

OBJECTIVES: To determine if routine haematological and biochemical screening is of benefit in dogs requiring anaesthesia and to establish the most useful tests for pre-anaesthetic risk assessment. ANIMALS: One thousand five hundred and thirty-seven client-owned dogs undergoing surgery at the University of Leipzig between January 2003 and April 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining a standardized history and a physical examination, all dogs requiring anaesthesia were assigned to an ASA physical status group, their needs for pre-anaesthetic therapy determined and an anaesthetic protocol proposed. Haematological (haematocrit, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count and haemoglobin concentration) and serum biochemistry tests (plasma urea, creatinine, glucose, total protein, sodium and potassium concentration; serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase activity) were then performed in all animals. The results of these were then used to: 1) re-define each dog's ASA physical status; 2) determine any altered requirement for pre-anaesthetic therapy; 3) re-determine the suitability of the dog to undergo surgery; and 4) re-examine the suitability of the original proposed anaesthetic protocol. RESULTS: The history and clinical examination in 1293 out of 1537 dogs (84.1%) revealed that haematological and biochemical tests would have been considered unnecessary under normal conditions. Of these, 63.9% were categorized as ASA 1, 28.5% as ASA 2, and 7.6% at higher risk. In some dogs, screening tests showed abnormal results: 16.7% of 1293 dogs had abnormal plasma urea levels, with 5.9% of values above the reference range. However, only 104 dogs (8%) would have been re-categorized at a higher physical status category had the laboratory results been available. Additional screening data indicated that surgery would have been postponed in 10 dogs (0.8%) additional pre-anaesthetic therapy would have been provided in 19 animals (1.5%) and the anaesthetic protocol altered in two dogs (0.2%). CONCLUSION: The changes revealed by pre-operative screening were usually of little clinical relevance and did not prompt major changes to the anaesthetic technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs, pre-anaesthetic laboratory examination is unlikely to yield additional important information if no potential problems are identified in the history and on physical examination.  相似文献   

Detection and diversity of grapevine virus L from a Vitis cultivar collection in Stellenbosch,South Africa     

Read  David A.  Thompson  Genevieve D.  Swanevelder  Dirk  Pietersen  Gerhard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(4):1007-1011

European Journal of Plant Pathology - A total of 229 Vitis cultivars were sampled from a collection in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa and subjected to an RNAtag-seq workflow and Illumina...  相似文献   

The diagnostic relevance of NT‐proBNP and proANP 31–67 measurements in staging of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs     

Johanna Wolf  Nicola Gerlach  Karin Weber  André Klima  Gerhard Wess 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(2):196-206

Background

There is no agreement in current publications regarding the reliability of serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides (NPs) to detect dogs with subclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to differentiate between asymptomatic stages.

Objectives

We sought to compare N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide 31‐67 (proANP) concentrations between various stages of canine MMVD and to investigate the influence of age, weight, and sex.

Methods

In this prospective study, dogs were classified in different disease stages using the modified Canine Heart failure International Expert Forum (CHIEF) system. Serum NP concentrations were compared between groups.

Results

A total of 559 samples from 116 healthy dogs and 236 dogs with MMVD were analyzed. Using cut‐off values (1207 pmol/L for NT‐proBNP, 1578 fmol/mL for proANP), dogs with MMVD with and without congestive heart failure (CHF) could be differentiated with a sensitivity of 83% for both and specificities of 85% and 86%, respectively. Dogs staged in CHIEF B1 and B2 could not be distinguished based on NP concentrations due to wide variation within the groups. Intact females (means 598 pmol/L and 1036 fmol/mL, respectively) had significantly higher values of both NPs than intact males (315 pmol/L and 836 fmol/mL).

Conclusions

NPs in canine MMVD are useful to discriminate between asymptomatic dogs and dogs with CHF. Due to a large overlap of NP‐concentrations between the groups, NPs do not seem to be useful to differentiate between dogs in stages B1 and B2. Interpretation of NT‐proBNP and proANP values should include consideration of sex‐specific differences.  相似文献   

Helicusin E,Isochromophilone X and Isochromophilone XI: New Chloroazaphilones Produced by the Fungus Bartalinia robillardoides Strain LF550     

Nils Jansen  Birgit Ohlendorf  Arlette Erhard  Torsten Bruhn  Gerhard Bringmann  Johannes F. Imhoff 《Marine drugs》2013,11(3):800-816

Microbial studies of the Mediterranean sponge Tethya aurantium led to the isolation of the fungus Bartalinia robillardoides strain LF550. The strain produced a number of secondary metabolites belonging to the chloroazaphilones. This is the first report on the isolation of chloroazaphilones of a fungal strain belonging to the genus Bartalinia. Besides some known compounds (helicusin A (1) and deacetylsclerotiorin (2)), three new chloroazaphilones (helicusin E (3); isochromophilone X (4) and isochromophilone XI (5)) and one new pentaketide (bartanolide (6)) were isolated. The structure elucidations were based on spectroscopic analyses. All isolated compounds revealed different biological activity spectra against a test panel of four bacteria: three fungi; two tumor cell lines and two enzymes.  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF GALLBLADDER WALL THICKNESS IN CATS     

Katharina M.  Hittmair  Dr. Med. Vet  Hanna D.  Vielgrader  Dr. Med. Vet.  Gerhard  Loupal  Dr. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(2):149-155

Ultrasonography of the gallbladder and biliary tract was performed on 42 cats: 22 clinically healthy cats (group A) and 20 cats with hepatobiliary disease and post mortem confirmation of gallbladder abnormalities (group B). The gallbladder wall was visible in 9 of 22 cats in group A and all 20 cats in group B. Additional gallbladder findings in group B included shape anomalies, biliary tract obstruction, wall thickening, polyps, neoplasia, and biliary sludge. Ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal organs identified pancreatic disease as the predominant pathological cause of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Hepatic parenchymal involvement was noted with inflammation and thickening of the gallbladder wall. Histologically, gallbladder walls were characterized by mucous gland hyperplasia, inflammation, infiltration, edema, epithelial detachment, and/or neoplasia. Ultrasonographic and histologic gallbladder wall measurements of 20 cats in group B agreed within 0.4 mm and all cats with a gallbladder wall thickness > or =1.0 mm had histopathologic abnormalities of the wall. Serum biochemical analysis revealed elevations of one or more parameters in all cats of group B, but was non-specific for a gallbladder lesion. The results of this study indicate that a visible, echogenic gallbladder wall can be considered a normal variant and is not always associated with hepatobiliary disease. Ultrasonography is accurate in measuring gallbladder wall thickness. Wall thickness greater than 1 mm is accurate in predicting gallbladder disease in cats, while a thickness less than 1 mm cannot rule out mild or chronic inflammation.  相似文献   

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia     

Nicole Verhaar  Gerhard Breves  Marion Hewicker-Trautwein  Christiane Pfarrer  Karl Rohn  Marion Burmester  Nadine Schnepel  Stephan Neudeck  Lara Twele  Sabine Kästner 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(2):427-437

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