Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage agronomic traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm          下载免费PDF全文

Pengfei Leng  Milena Ouzunova  Matthias Landbeck  Gerhard Wenzel  Joachim Eder  Birte Darnhofer  Thomas Lübberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):370-378

Four agronomic traits were analysed including dry matter concentration (DMC) and dry matter yield (DMY) for stover, plant height (PHT) and days from planting to silking (DPS). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three populations with doubled haploid lines (DHL), one RIL population and two testcross (TC) populations derived from crosses between two of the four populations mentioned above to elite tester lines, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each; 146–168 SSRs were used for genotyping of the four mapping populations. Significant high phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits at two locations, while DMC was negatively correlated with the other traits. A total of 42, 41, 54, and 45 QTL were identified for DMC, DMY, PHT, and DPS, respectively, with 9, 7, 12, and 7 major QTL for each trait. Most detected QTL displayed significant interactions with environment. Major QTL detected in more than two populations will contribute to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize agronomic traits.  相似文献   

Repeated monitoring of organic carbon stocks after eight years reveals carbon losses from intensively managed agricultural soils in Western Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Steinmann  Gerhard Welp  Andreas Wolf  Britta Holbeck  Thomas Große‐Rüschkamp  Wulf Amelung 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):355-366

Past land‐use changes, intensive cropping with large proportions of root crops, and preferred use of mineral fertilizer have been made responsible for proceeding losses of soil organic C (SOC) in the plough layer. We hypothesized that in intensive agriculturally managed regions changes in SOC stocks would be detectable within a decade. To test this hypothesis, we tracked the temporal development of the concentrations and stocks of SOC in 268 arable sites, sampled by horizon down to 60 cm in the Cologne‐Bonn region, W Germany, in 2005 and in 2013. We then related these changes to soil management data and humus balances obtained from farmers' surveys. As we expected that changes in SOC concentrations might at least in part be minor, we fractionated soils from 38 representative sites according to particle size in order to obtain C pools of different stability. We found that SOC concentrations had increased significantly in the topsoil (from 9.4 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 9.8 g kg^?1 in 2013), but had decreased significantly in the subsoil (from 4.1 g kg^?1 in 2005 to 3.5 g kg^?­1 in 2013). Intriguingly, these changes were due to changes in mineral‐bound SOC rather than to changes in sand‐sized organic matter pools. As bulk density decreased, the overall SOC stocks in the upper 60 cm exhibited a SOC loss of nearly 0.6 t C (ha · y)^?1 after correction by the equivalent soil mass method. This loss was most pronounced for sandy soils [?0.73 t SOC (ha · y)^?1], and less pronounced for loamy soils [?0.64 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]; silty soils revealed the smallest reduction in SOC [?0.3 t SOC (ha · y)^?1]. Losses of SOC occurred even with the overall humus balances having increased positively from about 20 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2003–2005) to about 133 kg C (ha · y)^?1 (2005–2013) due to an improved organic fertilization and intercropping. We conclude that current management may fail to raise overall SOC stocks. In our study area SOC stocks even continued to decline, despite humus conservation practice, likely because past land use conversions (before 2005) still affect SOC dynamics.  相似文献   

Characterization of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) incidence and new variants from ornamentals     

Jaroslav Matoušek  Rajen J. J. Piernikarczyk  Petr Dědič  Josef Mertelík  Kateřina Uhlířová  Ganesh S. Duraisamy  Lidmila Orctová  Kateřina Kloudová  Jiří Ptáček  Gerhard Steger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(1):93-101

We analyzed the spreading and persistence of PSTVd variants in several ornamentals in the territory of the Czech Republic. The pool of PSTVd variants detected in Solanum jasminoides, S. muricatum, Datura sp. and Brugmansia sp. was biolistically transferred to Matricaria chamomilla, Argyranthemum frutescens and Diascia sp., species which we found as sensitive hosts for PSTVd from ornamentals. The PSTVd pool showed sequence changes and increased variation after its transfer to potato, suggesting a wide adaptation potential of PSTVd in this crop. Potato exhibited genotype-dependent leaf and spindle tuber symptoms, when inoculated with the sap from S. jasminoides infected with the predominant and sequence-stable PSTVd-S1.  相似文献   

Fungizidleistung von Wirkstoffgruppen mit unterschiedlichen Mode of action gegen Braunrost (Puccinia recondita f.sp.secalis Rob.ex Desm.) in Winterroggen     

Stefania Kupfer  Gerhard Schröder 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2014,66(2):69-78

The economically most damaging disease to winter rye is brown rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp.secalis Rob.ex Desm.). There are fungicides of different drug groups in order to fight brown rust in agriculture. Usually mixtures of different active ingredients with different modes of action can be used for the treatment of fungal pathogens. In experiments single agents like pyrazole-carboxamides, azoles and strobilurines were compared to drug combination products like azole strobilurin, azole-carboxamide, or azole carboxamide-strobilurin mixture and their fungicide performance was determined. The active ingredients Epoxiconazole, Pyraclostrobin, and Fluxapyroxad were tested. In eight trials from 2012 to 2013 Fluxapyroxad reached the highest levels of efficiency for P. recondita. Pyraclostrobin or the combination of Pyraclostrobin and Epoxiconazole showed higher efficiencies than Epoxiconazole or the combination of Epoxiconazole and Metconazole in all trials. The thousand seed weight and income from the harvest reflect the efficiency against P. recondita. Both azole strobilurin mixtures as well as the azole carboxamide mixtures are suitable for the control of leaf rust in agriculture. In order to minimize the risk of resistance to strobilurin and azole carboxamide mixtures should be used alternately.  相似文献   

Surgical removal of a dermoid cyst from the bony part of the nasolacrimal duct in a Scottish highland cattle heifer     

Andrea Steinmetz  Lena Locher†  Uta Delling‡  Jean-Claude Ionita‡  Eberhard Ludewig  Gerhard Oechtering  Thomas Wittek† 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(4):259-262

The ophthalmologic, radiologic and surgical findings of a 2-year-old Scottish Highland Cattle heifer with a dermoid cyst within the bony part of the nasolacrimal duct and the successful treatment are presented.  相似文献   

Brachycephalic feline noses: CT and anatomical study of the relationship between head conformation and the nasolacrimal drainage system   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Claudia Schlueter DVM  Klaus D. Budras DVM PhD  Eberhard Ludewig DVM Dipl ECVDI  Elisabeth Mayrhofer DVM PhD Dipl ECVDI  Horst E. Koenig DVM PhD  Alice Walter DVM  Gerhard U. Oechtering DVM PhD Dipl ECVA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(11):891-900

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Ethnobotanical knowledge of Philippine lowland farmers and its application in agroforestry     

Gerhard Langenberger  Vanessa Prigge  Konrad Martin  Beatriz Belonias  Joachim Sauerborn 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):173-194

Complex agroforestry systems that mimic local forest structure, so-called ‘analogs’, are assumed to be of specific value to rural people as well as the environment. The objective of this study was to document and evaluate the utilization of plant resources by Philippine lowland farmers to identify native species suitable for integration in such a system. The interviewed farmers maintain a comprehensive ethnobotanical knowledge. They reported using 122 plant species for 77 purposes. Eighty species have medicinal value, 35 provide food, and 32 serve other uses. About 64% of the identified species are Philippine natives. The life form composition of these species is dominated by trees but also includes herbs, lianas, and graminoids, thus providing the structural elements required in analog systems. Nevertheless, only a few of the species seem to be promising for cultivation. Many of them are ubiquitous in the vicinity of villages. Some species are also not much appreciated but act as staple food only during food shortage. Even though several of the species have proven market value, such as rattan (e.g. Calamus merrillii), or are reputed medicines, such as ‘Philippine ginseng’ (Sarcandra glabra), no cultivation could be observed. This shows that usefulness in itself cannot be the only criterion to promote species but that it requires a careful analysis of the marketability of the respective species. In this context we suggest the following three species that are of proven medicinal value for in-depth study: the liana Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae), the tree Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae), and the herb Sarcandra glabra (Chloranthaceae). They represent three different life form strategies and would thus fit well in vertically structured agroforestry systems.  相似文献   

Effects of climate variables on intra-annual stem radial increment in Pinus cembra (L.) along the alpine treeline ecotone     

Andreas Gruber  Jolanda Zimmermann  Gerhard Wieser  Walter Oberhuber 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(5):503-503

? Within the alpine treeline ecotone tree growth is increasingly restricted by extreme climate conditions. Although intra-annual stem growth recorded by dendrometers can be linked to climate, stem diameter increments in slow-growing subalpine trees are masked by changes in tree water status.

? We tested the hypothesis that intra-annual radial stem growth in Pinus cembra is influenced by different climate variables along the treeline ecotone in the Austrian Alps. Dendrometer traces were compared with dynamics of xylem cell development to date onset of cambial activity and radial stem growth in spring.

? Daily fluctuations in stem radius reflected changes in tree water status throughout the treeline ecotone. Extracted daily radial increments were significantly correlated with air temperature at the timberline and treeline only, where budburst, cambial activity and enlargement of first tracheids also occurred quite similarly. A close relationship was detected between radial increment and number of enlarging tracheids throughout the treeline ecotone.

? We conclude that (i) the relationship between climate and radial stem growth within the treeline ecotone is dependent on a close coupling to atmospheric climate conditions and (ii) initiation of cambial activity and radial growth in spring can be distinguished from stem re-hydration by histological analysis.

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Effects of atmospheric and climate change at the timberline of the Central European Alps   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerhard Wieser  Rainer Matyssek  Roland Luzian  Peter Zwerger  Peter Pindur  Walter Oberhuber  Andreas Gruber 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(4):402-402

? This review considers potential effects of atmospheric change and climate warming within the timberline ecotone of the Central European Alps. After focusing on the impacts of ozone (O₃) and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration, effects of climate warming on the carbon and water balance of timberline trees and forests will be outlined towards conclusions about changes in tree growth and treeline dynamics.

? Presently, ambient ground-level O₃ concentrations do not exert crucial stress on adult conifers at the timberline of the Central European Alps. In response to elevated atmospheric CO₂ Larix decidua showed growth increase, whereas no such response was found in Pinus uncinata. Overall climate warming appears as the factor responsible for the observed growth stimulation of timberline trees.

? Increased seedling re-establishment in the Central European Alps however, resulted from invasion into potential habitats rather than upward migration due to climate change, although seedlings will only reach tree size upon successful coupling with the atmosphere and thus loosing the beneficial microclimate of low stature vegetation.

? In conclusion, future climate extremes are more likely than the gradual temperature increase to control treeline dynamics in the Central European Alps.

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Ozone affects shikimate pathway transcripts and monomeric lignin composition in European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.)     

Gunter A. Betz  Claudia Knappe  Catherine Lapierre  Maren Olbrich  Gerhard Welzl  Christian Langebartels  Werner Heller  Heinrich Sandermann  Dieter Ernst 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(2):109-116

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