Vaginal discharge in a spayed dog with multiple distinct malignancies     

NI Christensen  PH Brain  V Langova  AB Flory 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(7):287-291

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An evaluation of the Dirochek® test for detection of Dirofilariu immitis antigen in dogs     

RB ATWELL  AB SHERIDAN  FC BALDOCK 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(5):161-162

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Reproductive Performance of Ewes after 5-Day Treatment with Intravaginal Inserts Containing Progesterone in Combination with Injection of Prostaglandin F₂α     

AB Dixon  M Knights  JL Pate  PE Lewis  EK Inskeep 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(2):142-148

Three experiments were conducted with a total of 1579 ewes to examine reproductive performance in response to synchronization of oestrus during the breeding season, using controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR-G) inserts in regimens designed to provide high concentrations of circulating progesterone. In experiment 1, treatment with two CIDR-G inserts for 12 days produced conception rate (79%) and prolificacy (1.9) to first service equivalent to breeding at natural oestrus (56% and 2.0, respectively). Pregnancy rates to two service periods were 90 and 79%, respectively. In experiments 2 and 3, progesterone was delivered by a single CIDR-G insert for 5 days in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha; 5 mg i.m., twice, 3 h apart) the day before (experiment 2), or at insert removal (experiment 3). The combined treatments improved rates of synchronization of oestrus (p<0.01) by 23 and 20% points, respectively, and pregnancy rates to the first service period by 19 (p<0.05) and 13 (p<0.01) percentage points, respectively, compared to treatment with PGF2alpha alone. It is concluded that the combination of treatment for 5 days with a CIDR-G insert and two injections of 5 mg PGF2alpha, the day before, or the day of insert removal, were effective treatments to obtain high fertility at synchronized oestrus in ewes during the breeding season.  相似文献   

Efficient atmospheric cleansing of oxidized organic trace gases by vegetation     

Karl T  Harley P  Emmons L  Thornton B  Guenther A  Basu C  Turnipseed A  Jardine K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6005):816-819

The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. Gas-phase chemical reactions initiate the removal of these compounds from the atmosphere, which ultimately proceeds via deposition at the surface or direct oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. We performed ecosystem-scale flux measurements that show that the removal of oxygenated VOC via dry deposition is substantially larger than is currently assumed for deciduous ecosystems. Laboratory experiments indicate efficient enzymatic conversion and potential up-regulation of various stress-related genes, leading to enhanced uptake rates as a response to ozone and methyl vinyl ketone exposure or mechanical wounding. A revised scheme for the uptake of oxygenated VOCs, incorporated into a global chemistry-transport model, predicts appreciable regional changes in annual dry deposition fluxes.  相似文献   

Carbon concentrations and stocks in forest soils of Europe   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rainer Baritz  Guenther Seufert  Luca Montanarella  Eric Van Ranst 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

This study presents the results of a series of evaluations of a continent-wide soil database (EU/UN-ECE Level I) with the aim to estimate baseline soil carbon concentrations and stocks. The methodology included the biogeographic stratification of soil carbon measurements throughout Europe using climatic zones derived from the Soil Regions Map of Europe. The presented stock estimates range from 1.3 to 70.8 t C/ha for the O-layer, and from 11.3 to 126.3 t C/ha for the mineral soil 0–20 cm (Germany: 0–30 cm) (5 and 95 percentiles). Histosols were excluded because of methodological differences and data gaps. When looking at the median values of the strata investigated, relationships were found. For example, carbon stocks in the O-layer of sandy soils are distinctly higher than those of fine-textured soils. However, the variability is so high that some of these relationships disappear. For example in western and central Europe, the level of carbon stocks in the mineral soil between shallow soils (Leptosols) and more deeply developed soils (Podzols and Cambisols) do not differ very much. It was also found that just the investigation of topsoils is not sufficient to understand the regional pattern of organic matter in forest soils – unless the subsoil becomes included as well. It is hypothesized that for Europe, the impact of site factors such as climate, texture and relief are difficult to extract from such a database if the data are only stratified according to macro-climatic areas. It has to be considered that the effect of systematic error in the database is quite large (but cannot be identified on the level of the current data availability). In order to receive a first impression of the landscape-level distribution of carbon, a map of carbon concentrations in the topsoil was generated. The results support the relationships found between carbon stocks and site factors, such as climatic zones and soil type. Compared to the much lower carbon concentrations of agricultural soils, the results demonstrate clearly the importance of forest soils for the terrestrial carbon cycling in Europe.  相似文献   

Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in critically endangered northern hairy‐nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus krefftii)          下载免费PDF全文

AB Schaffer‐White  D Harper  M Mayhew  A McKinnon  L Knott  RE Allavena 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(11):431-436

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Proanthocyanidins: target compounds as antibacterial agents     

Mayer R  Stecher G  Wuerzner R  Silva RC  Sultana T  Trojer L  Feuerstein I  Krieg C  Abel G  Popp M  Bobleter O  Bonn GK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):6959-6966

Grape seeds accumulate in huge quantities as byproduct during wine production and are therefore a cheap source for pharmacologically active agents. However, studies prove poor antibacterial activity, and results of analyses are sometimes contradictory. The aim of this study was, thus, to determine the antibacterial activity of grape seed extracts with special focus on the chromatographic characterization of active fractions. In the course of these investigations, extraction protocols were optimized so that microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) guaranteed highest preconcentration efficiency. Proanthocyanidins, monomeric flavonoid aglycones, as well as some of their glycosides could be identified within yielded extracts via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). By that means the coherence number of possible isomers of procyanidins was approximated by a newly developed equation. As far as antibacterial activity determined via screening tests is concerned, the extracts generally have been found to be positively responsive toward 10 different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria strains. After fractionation of the raw extracts, proanthocyanidins P2, P3, P4 and gallate esters P2G and P3G (P = proanthocyanidin consisting of catechin and epicatechin units, n = oligomerization degree, G = gallate ester) were determined as active antibacterial agents toward 10 different pathogens. Only moderate activity was found for monomeric flavonoid fractions.  相似文献   

C, N, and noble gas isotopes in grain size separates of presolar diamonds from efremovka     

AB Verchovsky  AV Fisenko  LF Semjonova  IP Wright  MR Lee  CT Pillinger 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5380):1165-1168

Nanometer-size presolar diamonds from the Efremovka CV3 chondrite were physically separated into several grain size fractions by ultracentrifugation. The coarsest size fraction is the most enriched in carbon-12; the others have broadly similar carbon isotopic compositions. Measurement of noble gases shows that their concentration decreases with decreasing grain size. This effect is attributed to ion implantation. Such an episode could occur in the envelope of a supernova that produced the diamonds, or in interstellar space; in either case, ions with energies above a certain threshold pass completely through the smaller diamond grains without being captured. Concentrations of nitrogen show only minor variations with grain size, indicating a different mechanism of incorporation into the diamonds.  相似文献   

Larval release and attachment modes of the hydroid Ectopleura larynx on aquaculture nets in Norway     

Jana Guenther  Leif Magne Sunde 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(7):1056-1060

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Environmental controls over isoprene emission in deciduous oak canopies     

Harley P  Guenther A  Zimmerman P 《Tree physiology》1997,17(11):705-714

In summer 1992, isoprene emission was measured on intact leaves and branches of Quercus alba (L.) at two heights in a forest canopy. Isoprene emission capacity (measured at 30 degrees C and a photosynthetic photon flux density of 1000 micro mol m(-2) s(-1)) was significantly higher in sun leaves than in shade leaves when expressed on a leaf area basis (51 versus 31 nmol m(-2) s(-1); P < 0.01). Because leaf mass per unit area (LMA, g m(-2)) was higher in sun leaves than in shade leaves, emissions of sun and shade leaves expressed on a dry mass basis did not differ significantly (99 versus 89 micro g C g(DW) (-1) h(-1); P = 0.05). Similar measurements in 1995 were consistent with the 1992 data, but data from leaves in more shaded locations demonstrated that isoprene emission capacity decreased with decreasing growth irradiance, irrespective of units of expression. Isoprene emission capacity in leaves of Q. coccinea Muenchh. and Q. velutina Lam. also declined steeply with canopy depth. Emission capacity, on a dry mass basis, showed no obvious pattern with canopy position in Q. prinus L. There was no difference in the temperature response of sun versus shade leaves of Q. alba, but shade leaves exhibited a greater quantum efficiency and saturated at lower irradiance than sun leaves. Rates of isoprene emission measured on branches of Q. alba were approximately 60% of those measured on individual leaves, as a result of self-shading within branch enclosures. It is recommended that within-canopy variation in isoprene emission capacity be incorporated into regional emission models.  相似文献