Potential for endozoochorous seed dispersal by sheep and goats: Risk of weed seed transport via animal faeces     

Mostafa Oveisi  Ahmad Ojaghi  Hamid Rahimian Mashhadi  Heinz Müller‐Schrer  Kamran Reza Yazdi  Behnaz Pourmorad Kaleibar  Elias Soltani 《Weed Research》2021,61(1):1-12

Endozoochory is known as an important mechanism for the spread of weeds. We carried out experiments to assess the fate of seeds of several weed species (Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta campestris, Rumex crispus, Hordeum spontaneum and Sorghum halepense) after passing through the gut of sheep and goat. Eighteen animals of both sheep and goat received diet mixed with seeds of the weed species or control with only wheat bran (five weed species + control × three replications). Results showed that a higher proportion of seeds were missing after passage through the sheep gut than in goats. In goats, a greater proportion of seeds were dead after passage, but the number of seeds collected from dung was also greater. Weed species differed, with the highest seed recovery and viability in Cuscuta campestris. Based on time of seed passages through the animal gut estimated for the different weed species, we recommend that sheep should be kept in a corral for 96 hr to minimise seed transportation via their faeces. For goats, if R. crispus and C. arvensis seeds could be excluded from the diet, then maintaining them for 96 hr in an animal stall would ensure little seed transportation via dung, but we found R. crispus and C. arvensis seeds to be present and viable in goat dung even 120 hr after feeding. Very large numbers of viable seeds can be found in goat and sheep dung, so the use of rotted manure is highly recommended to avoid transportation of viable seeds via manure fertilisers.  相似文献   

Preparation of PAN-based electrospun nanofiber webs containing Ni-ZnO as high performance visible light photocatalyst     

Roya Sedghi  Mohammad Reza Nabid  Mastaneh Shariati  Mohammad Behbahani  Hamid Reza Moazzami 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(12):1969-1976

The one dimensional (1D) Ni-ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. A novel photocatalyst of nanostructured Ni-ZnO which immobilized on polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were successfully fabricated using electrospinnig technique. The structures of nanofibers were characterized by various techniques including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (DR) and thermogravimetric analys (TGA). The Ni-ZnO/PAN nanofibers photodegradation efficiency was optimized with factorial design method in order to act highly effective in the photocatalytic degradation of Methyle orange (MO). The highest decolorizing efficiencies using introduced material were achieved by 0.8 g l ^-1 of catalyst and 10 mg l ^-1 of MO at natural pH under visible light irradiation. The obtained results exhibited that Ni-ZnO/PAN nanofibers have high visible light photocatalitic activities. Overall, the presented material can be used as an efficient, low cost and healthily secure photocatalyst in the field of water treatment.  相似文献   

Efficiency of seed bio-priming technique for healthy mungbean productivity under terminal drought stress          下载免费PDF全文

Hamid NAWAZ  Nazim HUSSAIN  Niaz AHMED  Javaiz ALAM 《农业科学学报》2021,20(1):87-99

Recently, drought-induced damaging impact in reducing the crop growth and development is drastically ranked at the top under various abiotic stresses. And especially water stress at the reproductive growth stages termed as terminal drought has become a severe threat for mungbean productivity. To mitigate the drought stress condition, "bio-priming" has emerged as a newly agronomic and sustainable technique in improving the mungbean production. A 2-year field study during Kharif season 2017–2018 was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rhizobacteria seed priming in mungbean(AZRI mung-06), at Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. The experiment comprised two factors containing F_A(seed treatments, control(dry seeds), hydro-priming, silicon(Si)-priming, and bio-priming(mixture strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens+Rhizobium phaseoli)) and F_B(irrigation water-regimes at various growth stages including leaf formation(L), stem elongation(S)+flowering(F)+pod formation(P) containing treatments are normal irrigation(I_(L+S+F+P)) and terminal drought stress(I_(F+P))). All the treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design under factorial design and were replicated thrice. Results indicated that the exposure of drought stress at flowering and pod formation stages hampered the morpho-physiological growth and yield of mungbean. Nevertheless, seed priming treatments particularly bio-priming were effective in alleviating the detrimental effects of drought stress. Bio-priming significantly increased the yield and yield components(seeds/plant, 1 000-grain weight and harvest index) of mungbean and regulated the activities/levels of antioxidants(superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid, and total phenolics) under drought stress. Compared with the control, bio-priming increased the seed yield of mungbean by 8–12% under normal as well as drought stress conditions during both years of study. Bio-priming also improved the nutrient uptake behavior followed by Si-and hydro-priming treatments under terminal drought stress. The study emphasized the effectiveness of bio-priming as dual seed treatment method may be helpful for vigorous germination of mungbean production along with plant tolerance against terminal drought stress. Among the various treatments, plants treated with bio-priming technique compensated the grain yield due to having strong antioxidant defense system and better nutrient uptake behaviour under terminal drought stress. Economic analysis also concluded that bio-priming is the easiest, cost-effective, friendly, and sustainable approach for the maximization of the mungbean production.  相似文献   

Effects of Foliar Spray of K on Mint,Radish, Parsley and Coriander Plants in Aquaponic System     

Hamid R. Roosta 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(14):2236-2254

An aquaponic system was designed to investigate the effects of foliar applications of potassium (K) on mint, radish, parsley, and coriander growth and physiological characteristics. Plants were sprayed with 100 mL pot^?1 of 0.5 g L^?1 potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) twice a week. Fresh and dry masses of shoot in all species were higher in K-treated plants. Potassium concentration increased with K spray in the shoots of all species. K-sprayed parsley accumulated a greater amount of Fe and chlorophyll in shoots. Values of SPAD index in all species decreased significantly in untreated plants. The highest Quantum Photosynthetic Yield (F_v/F_m) values were observed in coriander plants treated with K, which was attributed to higher SPAD value in these plants. Potassium application had a negative effect on sodium (Na) and positive effect on magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in plants. These results indicated that foliar spray of K can effectively alleviate nutrient deficiencies in leafy and root vegetables grown in aquaponics.  相似文献   

Structure and biological activities of lipochitooligosaccharide nodulation signals produced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 138 under saline and osmotic stress     

Nacira Muñoz  Maria Eugenia Soria-Díaz  Hamid Manyani  Rocío Contreras Sánchez-Matamoros  Antonio Gil Serrano  Manuel Megías  Ramiro Lascano 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):207-215

The establishment of a symbiotic interaction involves a signal exchange between the host legume (flavonoids) and the nitrogen-fixing rhizobia (nodulation factors (NFs)). Likewise, abiotic stress conditions, such as salinity and drought, strongly reduce the nodulation process, possibly affecting also the signal exchange. In this work we characterized the structure and biological activity of NFs produced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 138 under control, salt, and osmotic stress conditions. This strain is the most widely used in Argentine soybean culture; under control conditions, it produces a mixture of four types of NFs (V(C_16:0,MeFuc), V(C_18:1,MeFuc), IV(C_18:1), and V(C_18:1,Ac,MeFuc)). Interestingly, under stress conditions, this strain produces new types of NFs, one common for both stress conditions (V(C_16:1,MeFuc)) and another one only present under salt stress (IV(C_18:1,MeFuc)). All mixtures of NFs, extracted from control, salt, and osmotic stress conditions, showed biological activity in soybean plants, such as root hair deformation, and the radical application of purified NFs induced systemic differences in dry matter accumulation. The inoculation of soybean with genistein-induced bacteria cultured under both control and stress conditions had a positive effect on the number of nodules formed and in some cases on dry matter accumulation. These responses are not related to changes in chlorophyll fluorescence or greenness index.  相似文献   

Application of two way indicator species analysis in lowland plant types classification   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kooch Y  Jalilvand H  Bahmanyar MA  Pormajidian MR 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(5):752-757

A TWINSPAN classification of 60 sample plots from the Khanikan forest (North of Iran) is presented. Plant types were determined from field observations and sample plot data arranged and analyzed in association tables. The types were defined on the basis of species patterns of presence, absence and coverage values. Vegetation was sampled with randomized-systematic method. Vegetation data including density and cover percentage were estimated quantitatively within each quadrate and using the two-way indicator species analysis. The objectives of the study were to plant type's classification for Khanikan lowland forest in North of Iran, Identification of indicator species in plant types and increase our understanding in regarding to one of Multivariate analysis methods (TWINSPAN). Five plant types were produced for the study area by TWINSPAN, i.e., Menta aquatica, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex grioletia, Viola odarata and Rubus caesius. Therefore, at each step of the process, the program identifies indicator species that show strongly differential distributions between groups and so can severe to distinguish the groups. The final result, incorporating elements of classification can provide a compact and powerful summary of pattern in the data set.  相似文献   

The use of principal component analysis in studying physical, chemical and biological soil properties in southern caspian forests (North of Iran)     

Kooch Y  Jalilvand H  Bahmanyar MA  Pormajidian MR 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(3):366-372

This research was conducted in Khanikan forests located in lowland of Mazandaran province (North of Iran). Eighteen profiles were dug and several chemical, physical and biological soil properties were investigated. The soil properties evaluated were soil pH, bulk density, saturation moisture content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, cation exchangeable capacity, available phosphorous, soil texture, calcium carbonate content, number and biomass of earthworms, litter carbon and litter nitrogen. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the variation of soil properties. PCA, a technique which reduces the dimensionality of multivariate data by removing Interco relations among variables, has a number of useful applications in forest researches. The results showed significant relationships between some soil factors with PC1 and PC2 axes, also, among different soil factors, the distribution of forest types was most strongly controlled with some soil characteristics such as acidity, bulk density, texture, phosphorous, organic carbon, total nitrogen and cation exchangeable capacity.  相似文献   

Rapid one-step separation and purification of recombinant phenylalanine dehydrogenase in aqueous two-phase systems     

Shahbaz Mohammadi H  Omidinia E  Taherkhani H 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2008,12(2):115-122

Background: Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH; EC 1.4.1.20) is a NAD+-dependent enzyme that performs the reversible oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate. It plays an important role in detection and screening of phenylketonuria (PKU) diseases and production of chiral intermediates as well. The main goal of this study was to find a simple and rapid alternative method for purifying PheDH. Methods: The purification of recombinant Bacillus sphaericus PheDH was investigated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The influences of system parameters including PEG molecular weight and concentration, pH and (NH4)2SO4 concentration on enzyme partitioning were also studied. The purity of enzyme was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: A single extraction process was developed for separation and purification of recombinant PheDH from E. coli BL21 (DE3). The optimized conditions for partitioning and purification of PheDH were 9% (w/w) PEG-6,000 and 16% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 8.0. The partition coefficient, recovery, yield, purification factor and specific activity values were achieved 58.7, 135%, 94.42%, 491.93 and 9828.88 U/mg, respectively. Also, the Km values for L-phenylalanine and NAD+ in oxidative deamination were 0.21 and 0.13 mM, respectively. Conclusion: The data presented in this paper demonstrated the potential of ATPS as a versatile and scaleable process for downstream processing of recombinant PheDH.  相似文献   

Inotropic and chronotropic effects of 6-hydroxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives in isolated rat atria     

Mansouri SM  Shafiee-Nick R  Parsaee H  Seyedi SM  Saberi MR  Sadeghian H 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2008,12(2):77-84

Background: Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitors improve cardiac contractility and may use in congestive heart failure. However, their proarrhythmic potential is the most important side effect. Methods: In this research, we evaluated the potential cardiotonic activity of six new synthesized selective PDE3 inhibitors (6-hydroxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives) using the spontaneously beating atria model. In each experiment, atrium of reserpine-treated rat was isolated and the contractile and chronotropic effects of a synthesized compound were assessed. The 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, was used for comparison. Results: The results showed that, among new compounds, the best pharmacological profile was obtained with the compound 6-[4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl)-4-oxobutoxy]-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one, C6, which displayed selectivity for increasing the force of contraction (168 +/- 5% change over the control) rather than the frequency rate (138 +/- 5% change over the control) at 300 muM. However, C6 at concentrations of 10 and 100 muM produced left and upward shift in the positive inotropic concentration-response curve of isoprenaline. The -log EC50 of isoprenaline was 8.843 +/- 0.171 in the absence, 9.448 +/- 0.138 and 9.456 +/- 0.107 in the presence of 10, 100 muM of C6, respectively (P<0.001, n = 6). Also, amrinone, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, shifted the isoprenaline concentration-response curve to the left and upward. The concentration of 10 and 100 muM amrinone decreased -log EC50 of isoprenaline to 9.527 +/- 0.287 and 9.423 +/- 0.243, respectively (P<0.001, n = 6). Moreover, the positive chronotropic effect of isoprenaline was not affected by amrinone or C6. Conclusion: This study provides functional evidence for the positive inotropic effect of C6. Considering the augmentation of isoprenaline positive inotropic concentration-response with C6 and amrinone, we conclude that C6 produces its effect via potentiation of cAMP-dependent signaling system and possibly by inhibition of PDE3 activity.  相似文献   

Beta cell protective effects of sodium tungstate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: glycemic control, blockage of oxidative stress and beta cell histochemistry     

Heidari Z  Harati M  Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb HR  Moudi B 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2008,12(3):143-152

Background: Diabetes is a major public health problem. The development of new therapies that are able to improve glycemia management and even to cure diabetes is of great interest. In this study, protective effects of sodium tungstate against STZ-induced beta-cell damages were investigated. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups: control, diabetic, sodium tungstate treated diabetic rats from one week before STZ injection (TDB), food-restricted diabetic (FRD), tungstate treated control, sodium tungstate treated diabetic rats from one week after STZ administration (TDA). We evaluated serum insulin, glucose and glucose tolerance; liver glycogen content, glucokinase (GK) activity; blood and pancreas antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation; and fuchsin-aldehyde histochemical staining of beta-cells. Results: Blood glucose levels of TDB group were lower than other diabetic groups (P<0.01). Blood insulin levels of all diabetic groups were lower than controls (P<0.01). Glucose intolerance improved in TDB animals. Blood and pancreas antioxidant power, liver glycogen contents and GK activities and granulated beta cells increased in TDB rats in comparison with other diabetic groups (P<0.01). Likewise, lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in TDB rats (P<0.01). Conclusions: Results suggested that sodium tungstate if administrated before STZ injection improves glycemic state by a direct effect on pancreatic beta-cells and preserves them by reducing the activity of these cells at the time of STZ injection, reducing STZ-induced oxidative stress, reducing insulin secretion, or all of the above mentioned.  相似文献