Saline-extracted antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica: separation by chromatofocusing, preliminary characterization, and evaluation of immunogenicity   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

B A Lessley  A W Confer  D A Mosier  M J Gentry  J A Durham  J A Rummage 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1985,10(2-3):279-296

Saline extracts of logarithmic-phase Pasteurella haemolytica, serotype 1, were separated by chromatofocusing. The resulting fractions were analyzed by immunodiffusion and an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, and six antigen groups (AG's) were identified. AG 1 did not bind to the column, AG's 2, 3 and 4 were eluted with a decreasing pH gradient, and AG's 5 and 6 were eluted with an increasing NaC1 gradient. Fractions containing each AG were pooled and further purified by gel filtration. The AG's were subsequently characterized as to protein, carbohydrate and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate (KDO) content. AG's 1, 5, and 6 had higher carbohydrate contents than AG's 2, 3 and 4. Only AG 5 contained detectable levels of KDO. The AG's were also analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Each AG produced a characteristic pattern of proteins and antigens, although two antigenic proteins were common to all AG's. AG 1 contained the greatest number of antigenic proteins. Immunization of mice with each AG in Freund's incomplete adjuvant resulted in a strong antibody response to the homologous AG for four of the six AG's. Limited protection against a P. haemolytica challenge was observed in mice that were immunized with AG 2 or 4.  相似文献   

Sampling and monitoring of biogenic emissions by eucalyptus leaves using membrane extraction with sorbent interface (MESI)     

Wang L  Lord H  Morehead R  Dorman F  Pawliszyn J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(22):6281-6286

Membrane extraction with sorbent interface (MESI) has been applied to monitor plant fragrance volatiles emitted into indoor air. The main components of the MESI system are a membrane module and a trap, which can be connected directly to a GC or GC-MS for simultaneous multicomponent extraction and monitoring. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane and two different traps, PDMS and Tenax, as well as a DC current supply for trap desorption have been applied in this research. After the membrane module is placed in contact with the plant, the MESI/GC-MS provides semicontinuous characterization of volatile compounds emitted. The MESI device has been applied to monitor the biogenic volatile organic compounds released during the first 8 h after a branch was cut from a Eucalyptus dunnii tree. The study demonstrates that the MESI system is a simple and useful tool for monitoring changes in emission processes as a function of time.  相似文献   

Germline allele-specific expression of TGFBR1 confers an increased risk of colorectal cancer     

Valle L  Serena-Acedo T  Liyanarachchi S  Hampel H  Comeras I  Li Z  Zeng Q  Zhang HT  Pennison MJ  Sadim M  Pasche B  Tanner SM  de la Chapelle A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5894):1361-1365

Much of the genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans is unexplained. Studying a Caucasian-dominated population in the United States, we showed that germline allele-specific expression (ASE) of the gene encoding transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor, TGFBR1, is a quantitative trait that occurs in 10 to 20% of CRC patients and 1 to 3% of controls. ASE results in reduced expression of the gene, is dominantly inherited, segregates in families, and occurs in sporadic CRC cases. Although subtle, the reduction in constitutive TGFBR1 expression alters SMAD-mediated TGF-beta signaling. Two major TGFBR1 haplotypes are predominant among ASE cases, which suggests ancestral mutations, but causative germline changes have not been identified. Conservative estimates suggest that ASE confers a substantially increased risk of CRC (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 29.1), but these estimates require confirmation and will probably show ethnic differences.  相似文献   

Radiohalos in coalified wood: new evidence relating to the time of uranium introduction and coalification     

Gentry RV  Christie WH  Smith DH  Emery JF  Reynolds SA  Walker R  Cristy SS  Gentry PA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1976,194(4262):315-318

The discovery of embryonic halos around uranium-rich sites that exhibit very high (238)U/(206)Pb ratios suggests that uranium introduction may have occurred far more recently than previously supposed. The discovery of (210)Po halos derived from uranium daughters, some elliptical in shape, further suggests that uranium-daughter infiltration occurred prior to coalification when the radionuclide transport rate was relatively high and the matrix still plastically deformable.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity in honey bee colonies enhances productivity and fitness   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mattila HR  Seeley TD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5836):362-364

Honey bee queens mate with many males, creating numerous patrilines within colonies that are genetically distinct. The effects of genetic diversity on colony productivity and long-term fitness are unknown. We show that swarms from genetically diverse colonies (15 patrilines per colony) founded new colonies faster than swarms from genetically uniform colonies (1 patriline per colony). Accumulated differences in foraging rates, food storage, and population growth led to impressive boosts in the fitness (i.e., drone production and winter survival) of genetically diverse colonies. These results further our understanding of the origins of polyandry in honey bees and its benefits for colony performance.  相似文献   

Design and chemical synthesis of a homogeneous polymer-modified erythropoiesis protein     

Kochendoerfer GG  Chen SY  Mao F  Cressman S  Traviglia S  Shao H  Hunter CL  Low DW  Cagle EN  Carnevali M  Gueriguian V  Keogh PJ  Porter H  Stratton SM  Wiedeke MC  Wilken J  Tang J  Levy JJ  Miranda LP  Crnogorac MM  Kalbag S  Botti P  Schindler-Horvat J  Savatski L  Adamson JW  Kung A  Kent SB  Bradburne JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5608):884-887

We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications.  相似文献   

Sex pheromones and reproductive isolation of the lesser peachtree borer and the peachtree borer   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J H Tumlinson  C E Yonce  R E Doolittle  R R Heath  C R Gentry  E R Mitchell 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(151):614-616

(E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, and (Z,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, isolated from the female lesser peachtree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote and Robinson), and the female peachtree borer, Sanninoidea exitiosa (Say), respectively, strongly attract the respective males of these species in field bioassays. These compounds are the largest pheromones isolated thus far from a lepidopterous species. Sanninoidea exitiosa males did not respond to the synthesized (E,Z)-isomer, and low concentrations of it in the synthesized (Z,Z)-isomer did not interfere with their response to the (Z,Z)-isomer. In contrast, even very low concentrations of the (Z,Z)-isomer (1 percent) in the (E,Z)-isomer significantly inhibited the response of Synanthedon pictipes males.  相似文献   

Deforestation and increased flooding of the upper Amazon     

Gentry AH  Lopez-Parodi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,210(4476):1354-1356

The height of the annual flood crest of the Amazon at Iquitos has increased markedly in the last decade. During this same period, there has been greatly increased deforestation in the upper parts of the Amazon watershed in Peru and Ecuador, but no significant changes in regional patterns of precipitation. The change in Amazonian water balance during the last decade appears to be the result of increased runoff due to deforestation. If so, the long-predicted regional climatic and hydrological changes that would be the expected result of Amazonian deforestation may already be beginning.  相似文献   

Species coextinctions and the biodiversity crisis     

Koh LP  Dunn RR  Sodhi NS  Colwell RK  Proctor HC  Smith VS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5690):1632-1634

To assess the coextinction of species (the loss of a species upon the loss of another), we present a probabilistic model, scaled with empirical data. The model examines the relationship between coextinction levels (proportion of species extinct) of affiliates and their hosts across a wide range of coevolved interspecific systems: pollinating Ficus wasps and Ficus, parasites and their hosts, butterflies and their larval host plants, and ant butterflies and their host ants. Applying a nomographic method based on mean host specificity (number of host species per affiliate species), we estimate that 6300 affiliate species are "coendangered" with host species currently listed as endangered. Current extinction estimates need to be recalibrated by taking species coextinctions into account.  相似文献   

Genome sequence of the PCE-dechlorinating bacterium Dehalococcoides ethenogenes     

Seshadri R  Adrian L  Fouts DE  Eisen JA  Phillippy AM  Methe BA  Ward NL  Nelson WC  Deboy RT  Khouri HM  Kolonay JF  Dodson RJ  Daugherty SC  Brinkac LM  Sullivan SA  Madupu R  Nelson KE  Kang KH  Impraim M  Tran K  Robinson JM  Forberger HA  Fraser CM  Zinder SH  Heidelberg JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5706):105-108

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