The prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility of veterinary pathogens isolated from cattle and pigs: national antibiotic resistance monitoring 2002/2003 of the BVL     

Wallmann J  Kaspar H  Kroker R 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(11-12):480-492

The national antimicrobial resistance monitoring determines the current quantitative resistance level of life-stock pathogens, in order to permit the evaluation and surveillance of the distribution of resistances on a valid basis. During the examination period from June 2002 to July 2003, a total of 1849 pathogens was collected, following a representative German-wide pattern in collaboration with 29 laboratories. The selection of examined bacterial strains included different specimen causing respiratory diseases in fattening pigs (Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica) and cattle (Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica), respectively, as well as strains causing mastitis in dairy cows (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli). Determination of the in-vitro susceptibility (minimal inhibitory concentration) to at least 17 antimicrobial agents was performed centrally by the BVL using the microdilution broth method. The findings approximately match results of an analogous study conducted in 2001, and correspondingly revealed significantly lower resistance-values in comparison to data published for Germany so far. No correlation could be established between the incidence of resistance and differing stock densities. By means of the resistance monitoring data gathered by the BVL, the risk potential of antimicrobials applied in Germany can be reliably defined. This valuable information about the epidemiological situation of resistance in Germany can be helpful to veterinarians as a decision guidance when choosing appropriate means of therapy. Accordingly, the results stated by the BVL are apt to provide an important contribution to improving the safety of food-animal products. The experiences obtained from the monitoring also show that valid data about the antimicrobial susceptibility can only be raised on an interdisciplinary approach (federal agencies, county diagnostic laboratories, universities, industry). Currently, the BVL put into practice a study with an extended spectrum of bacterial species and indications.  相似文献   

Computer tomographic differentiation of intrathoracic neoplasms and inflammation in the dog     

Schuller S  Fredericksen M  Schröder H  Meyer-Lindenberg A  Hewicker-Trautwein M  Nolte I 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(1-2):76-84

The purpose of this study was to elaborate on the advantages and limits of computed tomography (CT) in the differentiation of thoracic lesions, in particular neoplasias. In the course of the investigation CT-scans of the thorax of 31 dogs with lesions in the area of the lungs or mediastinum were evaluated. The lesions were rated by morphology, distribution pattern, attenuation values and contrast-enhancement. Biopsies or the whole body underwent a pathohistological examination. Of the 31 dogs 17 had neoplastic and 14 had inflammatory lesions in the thoracic region. With help of the CT, the exact localisations of the different lesions was possible in most cases. Due to their characteristic morphologies, distribution patterns and attenuation values the differentiation between inflammatory and neoplastic lesions was possible in most cases (n=25/31) on the basis of the CT-scans. Mean non-enhanced CT attenuation values of the neoplastic lesions ranged between 31 and 50 HU, of the inflammatory lesions between -251 and 9 HU. Both neoplastic and inflammatory lesions showed contrast enhancement (between 14 and 38 HU and between 2 and 95 HU respectively). The mediastinal abcesses enhanced mainly on the periphery of the lesion. A differentiation of the various types of neoplastic lesions based on the non-enhanced attenuation values was not successful. Only metastasis could be differentiated because of their distribution pattern.  相似文献   

Ultrasonographic anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat.     

Elke Schreurs  Kathelijn Vermote  Virginie Barberet  Sylvie Daminet  Heike Rudorf  Jimmy H Saunders 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(1):68-72

Lymph nodes are essential structures to be evaluated in an ultrasonographic examination of the feline abdomen. It was hypothesized that current technical proficiency would allow all feline abdominal lymph nodes to be identified ultrasonographically. Ten clinically normal, adult, domestic shorthair cats were examined using real-time compound ultrasonographic imaging. The medial iliac lymph nodes were visible in 100% of the cats, the jejunal lymph nodes in 90%, the hepatic lymph nodes in 70%, the aortic lumbar, the splenic, and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes in 60% each, the ileocecal and the colic lymph nodes in 50% each, and the renal, the gastric, the sacral and the caudal mesenteric lymph nodes in 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% of the cats, respectively. The inconsistent presence of lymph nodes, their poor echocontrast and interposed gas of the gastrointestinal tract explain the lower percentages of identification. The ultrasonographic length and diameter of the lymph nodes were determined. The majority of these measurements corresponded to those in the literature. We conclude that ultrasonography is a valuable tool for the identification and evaluation of most abdominal lymph nodes in the normal cat. Average ultrasonographic measurements are presented as a preliminary guideline for normal feline abdominal lymph nodes. ete  相似文献   

Comparison of 13 single-round and nested PCR assays targeting IS900, ISMav2, f57 and locus 255 for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Möbius P  Hotzel H  Rassbach A  Köhler H 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,126(4):324-333

For molecular biological detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), PCR methods with primers targeting different regions specific for MAP are used worldwide. However, some uncertainties exist concerning the specificity of certain target regions and the sensitivity. To identify the methods which are best suited for diagnostics, 8 single-round and 5 nested PCR systems including 12 different primer pairs based on IS900 (9 x), ISMav2 (1x), f57 (1x), and locus 255 (1x) sequences were compared regarding their analytical sensitivity and specificity under similar PCR conditions. Reference strains and field isolates of 17 Mycobacterium species and subspecies, 16 different non-mycobacterial bovine pathogens and commensals were included in this study. Single-round PCR resulted in a detection limit of 100 fg to 1 pg, and nested PCR in 10 fg or below. Depending on the specific primer sequences targeting IS900, false positive results occurred with one of the five single-round and two of the four nested PCR systems. This also applied to the single-round PCR based on ISMav2 and the nested PCR based on f57. A high number of non-specific products were primarily detected for the single-round PCR assay based on ISMav2, but also for a single-round PCR targeting the IS900 and the locus 255. In conclusion, stringent selection of IS900-specific primers ensures that IS900 remains a favourite target sequence for amplification of MAP specific loci. The studied PCR systems based on f57, and locus 255 can also be recommended. Revision of ISMav2 primers is necessary. Single-round PCR systems are very reliable. Nested PCR assays were occasionally disturbed by contaminations, thus bearing a risk for routine diagnostics.  相似文献   

Editorial for the special issue on “Understanding soil interfacial reactions for sustainable soil management and climatic change mitigation” (ISMOM 2019)     

Heike Knicker  Siobhan Staunton 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(3):1079-1082

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Wet-chemical silvering of inert polyethylene terephthalate yarn in a spool dyeing apparatus     

Toty Onggar  Heike Hund  Rolf-Dieter Hund  Chokri Cherif 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(3):487-497

Inert polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns, which were spooled crosswise onto a cylindrical dyeing bobbin, were silvered successfully with a wet-chemical method by using a newly developed one-bath method on a laboratory scale. In order to characterize the silver coating such as design, homogeneity, and crack formation, the surface morphology (SM) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical compositions of the surface (percentage of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, silicium, and silver) were investigated with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the testing of textile-chemical and textile-physical properties such as the washing-fastness, tensile strength, and electrical conductivity was carried out.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical characterization of the extracellular matrix in normal mitral valves and in chronic valve disease (endocardiosis) in dogs     

Heike Aupperle  Imke Mrz  Jens Thielebein  Birgit Kiefer  Alexander Kappe  Heinz-Adolf Schoon 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):277-283

This study aimed to characterize the composition and distribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components in normal canine mitral valves (MV) and in chronic heart valve disease (CVD).MV of 50 dogs (normal (n = 9), mild (n = 13), moderate (n = 17), severe (n = 11) CVD) were investigated macroscopically, histologically (H.-E., picrosirius red) and immunohistochemically (collagen I, III, IV, V, VI, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, heparan sulphate).In normal MV, ECM components were expressed in a typical layered pattern. In mild CVD, basement membrane components (laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin) were increased. Advanced CVD was characterized by myxomatous nodular lesions displaying a marginal and a central region comprised mainly of collagen I, VI and fibronectin in the former and collagen I and III in the latter. Collagen IV and laminin appeared multifocally in marked CVD.In conclusion, not only an accumulation of proteoglycans, but also a distinctly altered expression of basement membrane components, and collagens characterizes CVD.  相似文献   

Soil organic matter composition and soil lightness     

Sandra Spielvogel  Heike Knicker  Ingrid Kgel‐Knabner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):545-555

Relationships between soil lightness, soil organic matter (SOM) composition, content of organic C, CaCO₃, and texture were studied using 42 top‐soil horizons from different soil types located in southern Germany. SOM composition was determined by CPMAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, soil color was measured by diffuse‐reflectance spectrophotometry and given in the CIE L*a*b* color coordination system (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, 1978). Multiple‐regression analysis showed, that soil lightness of top‐soil horizons is principally determined by OC concentration, but CaCO₃ and soil texture are also major variables. Soil lightness decreased with increasing OC content. Carbonate content had an important effect on soil lightness even at low concentrations due to its lightening property. Regressions between soil lightness and organic C content were strongly linear, when the soils were differentiated according to texture and CaCO₃ content. The aryl‐C content was the only SOM component which correlated significantly with soil lightness (r_S = –0.87). In the linear regressions carried out on the different soil groups, soil aryl‐C content was a more significant predictor for soil lightness than total OC content.  相似文献   

Sorption of HOC in soils with carbonaceous contamination: Influence of organic‐matter composition     

Kerstin Abelmann  Sybille Kleineidam  Heike Knicker  Peter Grathwohl  Ingrid Kgel‐Knabner 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(3):293-306

Detailed information about structure and composition of organic sorbents is required to understand their impact on sorption capacity and sorption kinetic of organic pollutants. Therefore, the chemical composition of organic material from 18 geosorbents was investigated by solid‐state ¹³C nuclear‐magnetic‐resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Structural parameters such as aromaticity, polarity, and alkyl‐C content were related to the Freundlich sorption exponent (1/n) and the sorption coefficient . The geosorbents included three natural and four combusted coals (carbonaceous material), three Histosols, five mineral soils from Germany containing inputs of technogenic carbonaceous material, derived from industrial activities, and four non‐contaminated mineral soils from Germany. Equilibrium sorption was measured for five hydrophobic organic compounds and analyzed with the solubility‐normalized Freundlich sorption isotherm. With increasing maturation degree, the proportion of polar constituents decreases from the natural soils to the coals. In contrast to the non‐polluted mineral soils, the soils with technogenic input are characterized by high aromaticity and low polarity. A positive correlation between sorption coefficient and aromaticity was found. The Freundlich exponent (1/n) is negatively correlated with the aromaticity, denoting an increase of adsorption processes with increasing aromaticity. Likewise, the contribution of partitioning decreases. This sorption mechanism predominates only if the organic matter in the samples contains a high proportion of polar compounds.  相似文献   

Auswirkungen des Agroforestry-Anbausystems auf den Mineralstickstoffgehalt und das Matrixpotential in einer Parabraunerde sowie das Wachstum von Acer Pseudoplatanus     

Heike Bohne  Dirk Rauch 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(2):143-148

Effects of the agroforestry land use system on mineral nitrogen content and water potential in a Haplic Luvisol and on growth of Acer pseudoplatanus Results from three years are presented for an agroforestry system with Acer pseudoplatanus without (bare soil, treated with herbicides) and with undercropping, which was either Lolium perenne or Trifolium repens. The soil, a Haplic Luvisol derived from loess, had been intensively cultivated by agricultural crops before. Without undercropping leaching of nitrate was observed especially in the first, but also in the following years of the experimental period. This is due to the low and late N-demand of trees. Remaining contents of mineral nitrogen in the soil were sufficient for an optimal tree growth. With Lolium perenne as undercrop the mineral nitrogen content in the soil decreased in 0–60 cm depth as a result of N-uptake already in the first year. Leaching was observed from 60–90 cm depth. In the following years mineral nitrogen contents of the soil remained low, and were not sufficient for an optimal tree growth. Tree growth was further affected because of competition for water between gras and trees. With Trifolium repens mineral nitrogen in the soil was much higher than the demand for trees and undercrop due to symbiontic N-fixation by clover with subsequent mineralization. Although low water potentials were recorded similar to gras, competition for water did not diminish tree growth. Hence, optimal tree growth is guaranteed, but leaching of nitrate cannot be avoided. For all treatments leaching of N occured also in early spring. Up to now, there was no difference of tree growth between bare soil and Trifolium repens as undercrop, tree growth was much affected by Lolium perenne as undercrop.  相似文献