Die AbschÄtzung der schwedischen WÄlder und ihre Bedeutung für den internationalen Holzhandel     

Professor Dr. oec. publ. h. c. Henrik Hesselman 《European Journal of Forest Research》1928,50(12):395-403

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Major Extractable Organic Compounds in the Biologically Degradable Fraction of Fresh,Composted and Anaerobically Digested Household Waste     

Marie-Louise Nilsson  Henrik Kylin  Peter Sundin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):57-65

The recirculation of plant nutrients from urban areas to agriculture and horticulture and a need to reduce waste disposal by landfilling and incineration are the main reasons for recycling the biologically degradable fraction of household waste. However, before using the recycled material in agricultural and horticultural production it is necessary to make sure that the material does not contain any unwanted contaminants. In general, there is a lack of knowledge about organic contaminants in the degradable fraction of household waste and its compost and anaerobic digestion products. As a first step in a study of organic contaminants in household waste, and as part of the characterization of the degradation processes during composting and anaerobic digestion, the major extractable organic compounds were identified in the biologically degradable fraction of fresh, composted and anaerobically digested household waste. The organic compounds were isolated by supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide as extraction medium. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for qualitative analyses. Natural products, such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, n-alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, monoterpenes and triterpenes constituted the major organic components in the waste samples. In addition bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, frequently used as a plasticizer in polymers, was found in the extracts. In the chromatograms of the extracts of the fresh and composted household waste, fatty acids and fatty acid esters dominated with respect to peak heights and the number of peaks identified. In the anaerobically digested household waste n-alkanes were the dominating compound class. The pattern of the n-alkanes, also found in the fresh waste, possibly indicates a petrogenic origin of these compounds, perhaps caused by contamination during the collection of the household waste.  相似文献   

Influence of ileo-caecal cannulation and oxytetracycline on ileo-caecal and rectal coliform populations in pigs     

Högberg A  Lindberg JE  Wallgren P 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(4):435-440

The effect of surgery (insertion of an ileo-caecal cannula) and a subsequent parenteral treatment with oxytetracycline on the ileo-caecal and rectal coliform populations in 7 Swedish Yorkshire castrates were studied. Samples were collected during surgery as well as 3, 7, 14 and 20 days post surgery. The diversity of the enteric coliform flora was initially high both in the ileo-caecal ostium and in rectum. No alteration in the diversity of the enteric coliform flora was observed following surgery and treatment with oxytetracycline. As the insertion of ileo-caecal cannulas did not affect the intestinal coliform flora this study gives support to the use of this technique to mirror processes in the small intestine of pigs. Further, the diversity of the enteric coliform flora was unaffected by the parenteral treatment with oxytetracycline.  相似文献   

Preparation of protein-steroid conjugates and antisera against oestradiol-17     

K Martinsson  P Lindberg  E D Johansson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1973,14(2):278-291

A conjugate of oestradiol-17β and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been prepared by the mixed anhydride method. The conjugate was characterized by u.v.-analyses and immunoelectrophoresis, and the number of moles of oestradiol-17β per mole of BSA was found to be 25. The conjugate was used for immunization of two sheep and one rabbit in order to elict antisera against oestradiol-17β. Antibodies could be detected in all three animals after 5–16 weeks depending on the route of immunization. The antiserum from one sheep could be used in a radioimmunoassay system for oestradiol-17β in a dilution of 1:5000 and was found to cross-react with oestrone and oestradiol-17α to a lesser extent than another antiserum against oestradiol-17β.  相似文献   

Blood selenium in naturally fed horses and the effect of selenium administration     

G. Bergsten  R. Holmbck  P. Lindberg 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1970,11(4):571-576

Blood Se of adult horses was 26.1, 25.8, and 27.0 ng/ml (mean values at 3 farms), where the Se of food was about 20 ng/g dry substance. Experimental adult horses which received about 41 ng Se/g food showed 45.3 ng/ml blood.At low Se intake suckling foals show higher blood Se than mares, but with high Se intake, the opposite will occur. This is reflected in milk Se, which raises but slowly with rise of mare’s blood Se.Se in blood plasma and in blood corpuscles is on the same level. The effect of various dose levels of Se on blood Se was studied: From 1.5 to 6 mg Se/week, blood Se rose rather linearity; 18 and 30 rag Se/week gave but slightly more effect than 6 mg.  相似文献   

Decreased platelet function in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with mitral valve regurgitation     

Tarnow I  Kristensen AT  Texel H  Olsen LH  Pedersen HD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(5):680-686

With aggregometry, increased platelet activity has been reported in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) without mitral regurgitation (MR). In contrast, dogs with MR have been found to have decreased platelet activity. The purpose of this study was to test an easy bedside test of platelet function (the Platelet Function Analyzer [PFA-100]) to see if it could detect an increase in platelet activity in CKCS without MR and a decrease in platelet activity in CKCS with MR. This study included 101 clinically healthy dogs > 1 year of age: 15 control dogs of different breeds and 86 CKCS. None of the dogs received medication or had a history of bleeding. The PFA-100 evaluates platelet function in anticoagulated whole blood under high shear stress. Results are given as closure times (CT): the time it takes before a platelet plug occludes a hole in a membrane coated by agonists. The CT with collagen and adenosine-diphosphate as agonists was similar in control dogs (median 62 seconds; interquartile interval 55-66 seconds) and CKCS with no or minimal MR (55; 52-64 seconds). The CT was higher in CKCS with mild MR (regurgitant jet occupying 15-50% of the left atrial area) (75; 60-84 seconds; P = .0007) and in CKCS with moderate to severe MR (jet > 50%) (87: 66-102 seconds; P < .0001). CKCS with mild, moderate, and severe, clinically inapparent MR have decreased platelet function. The previous finding of increased platelet reactivity in nonthrombocytopenic CKCS without MR could not be reproduced with the PFA-100 device.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for use in anesthetized cats     

Pedersen KM  Butler MA  Ersbøll AK  Pedersen HD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,221(5):646-650

OBJECTIVE: To determine accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor used over a wide range of pressures in anesthetized cats. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 6 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: 4 female cats and 2 male cats that weighed 2.7 to 4.5 kg (5.9 to 9.9 lb) and were 2 to 8 years old were anesthetized. Blood pressure was measured directly with an arterial catheter placed in the right femoral artery and indirectly from the left antebrachium by use of an oscillometric monitor. A series of diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) measurements were obtained during hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Values obtained indirectly and directly were compared. RESULTS: The oscillometric monitor was accurate for DAP and MAP throughout the entire pressure range and met the standards of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (mean +/- SD difference from values obtained directly, < or = 5 +/- 8 mm Hg). The SAP was increasingly underestimated with increasing overall pressure; mean differences from direct measurements were -5.2, -12.1, and -17.7 mm Hg during hypo-, normo-, and hypertension, respectively. Standard deviations for SAP were all < or = 8 mm Hg. The monitor gave readings during all attempts. The direct blood pressure recording system appeared to perform well with neither under- nor overdamping. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Except for a minor underestimation of SAP during normo- and hypertension, the oscillometric monitor yielded reliable and easily obtainable blood pressure measurements in anesthetized cats.  相似文献   

Development of furnished cages for laying hens     

Appleby MC  Walker AW  Nicol CJ  Lindberg AC  Freire R  Hughes BO  Elson HA 《British poultry science》2002,43(4):489-500

1. A 3-year trial was carried out of cages for laying hens, occupying a full laying house. The main cage designs used were 5000 cm2 in area, 50 cm high at the rear and furnished with nests and perches. F cages had a front rollaway nest at the side, lined with artificial turf. FD cages also had a dust bath containing sand over the nest. H cages had two nest hollows at the side, one in front of the other. They were compared with conventional cages 2500 cm2 in area and 38 cm high at the rear. 2. Cages were stocked with from 4 to 8 ISA Brown hens per cage, resulting in varied allowances of area, feeder and perch per bird. No birds were beak trimmed. In F and FD cages two further treatments were applied: nests and dust baths were sometimes fitted with gates to exclude birds from dust baths in the morning and from both at night; elevated food troughs, with a lip 33 cm above the cage floor, were compared with standard troughs. 3. Management of the house was generally highly successful, with temperature control achieved by ventilation. Egg production was above breeders' standards and not significantly affected by cage design. More eggs per bird were collected when there were fewer birds per cage but food consumption also then tended to be higher. 4. The number of downgraded eggs was variable, with some tendency for more in furnished cages. Eggs laid in dust baths were often downgraded. Those laid at the back of the cage were frequently dirty because of accumulation of droppings. H nests were unsuccessful, with less than 50% of eggs laid in the nest hollows. However, up to 93% of eggs were laid in front rollaways, and few of these were downgraded. 5. Feather and foot damage were generally less in furnished than in conventional cages, greater where there were more birds per cage. With an elevated food trough there was less feather damage but more overgrowth of claws. In year 2, mortality was greater in cages with more birds. 6. Pre-laying behaviour was mostly settled in front rollaway nests. Dust baths were used more for pecking and scratching than for dust bathing. Comfort behaviour was more frequent in furnished cages than conventional, although still not frequent. Locomotion was strongly affected by number of birds per cage or by space per bird, being reduced by crowding. Most birds perched at night except in one treatment providing only 10.7 cm perch per bird. 7. Behaviour was more unrestricted and varied, and physical condition was better, in furnished than in conventional cages. However, egg production will cost more in furnished cages, partly because more eggs are downgraded. Dust baths must be fitted with gates that the birds cannot open from outside, but gates for nest boxes were found unnecessary. If a low perch is fitted it must be far enough from the back of the cage for birds to walk there. 8. Where there was less space per bird (more birds per cage) than the requirements in the 1999 European Commission Directive on laying hens, there were: fewer eggs per hen, but still above the breeders' target; lower food consumption; more feather and foot damage, but less than in conventional cages; higher mortality in one trial out of three; less freedom of movement. However, the results were still very good even with 8 birds per cage, and support the principle that furnished cages provide an acceptable way of protecting the welfare of laying hens.  相似文献   

Failure to spread bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection from primarily infected calves despite concurrent infection with bovine coronavirus     

Niskanen R  Lindberg A  Tråvén M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,163(3):86-259

Previous reports on the spread of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) from animals primarily infected with the agent are contradictory. In this study, the possibility of transmission of BVDV from calves simultaneously subjected to acute BVDV and bovine coronavirus (BCV) infection was investigated. Ten calves were inoculated intranasally with BVDV Type 1. Each of the 10 calves was then randomly allocated to one of two groups. In each group there were four additional calves, resulting in five infected and four susceptible calves per group. Virulent BCV was actively introduced in one of the groups by means of a transmitter calf. Two calves, susceptible to both BVDV and BCV, were kept in a separate group, as controls. All ten calves actively inoculated with BVDV became infected as shown by seroconversions, and six of them also shed the virus in nasal secretions. However, none of the other eight calves in the two groups (four in each) seroconverted to this agent. In contrast, it proved impossible to prevent the spread of BCV infection between the experimental groups and consequently all 20 study calves became infected with the virus. Following infection, BCV was detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of the calves and, after three weeks in the study, all had seroconverted to this virus. All calves, including the controls, showed at least one of the following clinical signs during days 3-15 after the trial started: fever (> or =40 degrees C), depressed general condition, diarrhoea, and cough. The study showed that BVDV primarily infected cattle, even when co-infected with an enteric and respiratory pathogen, are inefficient transmitters of BVDV. This finding supports the principle of the Scandinavian BVDV control programmes that elimination of BVDV infection from cattle populations can be achieved by identifying and removing persistently infected (PI) animals, i.e. that long-term circulation of the virus without the presence of PI animals is highly unlikely.  相似文献   

Prenatal diagnosis of persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection by detection of viral RNA in fetal fluids     

Lindberg A  Niskanen R  Gustafsson H  Bengtsson B  Baule C  Belák S  Alenius S 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2002,164(2):151-155

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