The Relative Importance of Seed- and Soil-Borne Inoculum of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 in Causing Black Scurf on Potato     

J. L. Brierley  A. J. Hilton  S. J. Wale  J. W. Woodhall  A. K. Lees 《Potato Research》2016,59(2):181-193

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The route and rate of thiamethoxam soil degradation in laboratory and outdoor incubated tests,and field studies following seed treatments or spray application     

Martin J Hilton  Simon N Emburey  Paul A Edwards  Christine Dougan  Dean C Ricketts 《Pest management science》2019,75(1):63-78

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Relationships between dietary ascorbic acid status and deficiency,weight gain and brain neurotransmitter levels in juvenile rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri     

W. L. Johnston  E. MacDonald  J. W. Hilton 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,6(6):353-365

A study was conducted to determine the interrelationships between dietary ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations, brain neurotransmitter levels and weight gain in juvenile rainbow trout. At the end of 4 weeks and until the end of 12 weeks of feeding test diets of varying AA concentrations (0–320 mg AA/kg diet), increased weight gain was noted in fish fed the AA-free diet. However, by the end of 13 weeks and until the end of the experiment this phenomenon was no longer evident; instead the fish showed the more classical deficiency signs of anorexia and decreased weight gain. After 12 and 24 weeks, there were no significant differences in brain serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA) between fish reared on the different test diets. However, after 12 weeks of feeding the test diets, brain 5-HT, brain AA and weight gain were significantly correlated with one another. No such relationships were found for brain NE or brain DA. After 24 weeks of feeding the diets, the relationships between brain 5-HT, brain AA and weight gain were no longer apparent. Similarly, after 24 weeks brain NE and DA were also unrelated to brain AA and weight gain. These results provide evidence that in very young rainbow trout, AA deficiency, brain 5-HT levels and weight gain were related. However in fish reared on the diets for 24 weeks these relationships were no longer evident.  相似文献   

Maillard reaction and protein cross-linking in relation to the solubility of milk powders     

Le TT  Bhandari B  Holland JW  Deeth HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12473-12479

Protein changes in relation to solubility, Maillard reaction (MR), and protein cross-linking in whole milk powder (WMP), skim milk powder (SMP), and whey protein concentrate (WPC) stored at different relative humidities (RHs) were investigated by chemical and electrophoretic methods. WMP and SMP reached minimum solubility rapidly, while WPC showed no change in solubility. The loss of solubility corresponded with development of high-molecular-weight protein complexes observed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The maximal MR rate occurred at 66% RH for WMP and SMP (high lactose/protein ratios) and 84% RH for WPC (low lactose/protein ratios) based on the furosine and hydroxymethylfurfural contents. However, browning was greatest at 84% RH in all powders. The minimum solubility corresponded with the casein and fat contents. The retention of solubility and minimal protein cross-linking of WPC compared to casein-containing powders suggest that the casein content and cross-linking strongly influence the decrease in the solubility of milk powder.  相似文献   

Clinical challenge. Osteolysis and cellulitis secondary to Cryptococcus neoformans in a barasingha (Cervus duvaucelii).     

R F Aguilar  C D Hilton 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1999,30(4):591-594

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Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of metribuzin (BAY-94337) in sugarcane     

H W Hilton  N S Nomura  W L Yauger  S S Kameda 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(4):578-582

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Comparison of the Biobullet versus traditional pharmaceutical injection techniques on injection-site tissue damage and tenderness in beef subprimals     

Sullivan MM  Vanoverbeke DL  Kinman LA  Krehbiel CR  Hilton GG  Morgan JB 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(2):716-722

The incidence and severity of injection-site lesions has decreased since the development of the Beef Quality Assurance program. The objective was to evaluate the route of administration and the pharmaceutical product on the impact on tenderness, collagen concentration, and lesion occurrence in muscles of chucks and rounds. A total of 144 yearling steers (initial BW = 383 +/- 29.4 kg) were selected and transported to Oklahoma State University. Steers were blocked into 2 groups of 72 based on initial BW and were randomly allocated, within block, into pens of 6 head per pen (12 pens per block). Each pen was randomly assigned an injection protocol. On May 19, 2006 (d 0), steers were administered one of the following treatment injections: a standard Biobullet containing 100 mg of ceftiofur sodium (Naxel, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY); a traditional needle and syringe dose of ceftiofur sodium; a standard Biobullet containing BallistiVac infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR; Titanium 5, SolidTech Animal Health, Newcastle, OK); a traditional needle and syringe dose of IBR; a traditional needle and syringe dose of Vira Shield 5 (Grand Laboratories Inc., Freeman, SD); a standard placebo Biobullet; or a traditional needle and syringe dose of sterile water. Percentage of samples with an identifiable lesion did not differ by drug administered or injection method. Warner-Bratzler shear force values of lesion center cores in chucks tended to be different (P = 0.07) from cores from the control steaks and at 2.54 and 5.08 cm away from the lesion center. Lesion centers from the Biobullet-BallistiVac IBR had a Warner-Bratzler shear force value of 7.01 kg, which was greater (P < 0.05) than values for lesion centers from chucks injected with a Biobullet-placebo (6.27 kg) or needle-ceftiofur sodium (5.08 kg). No significant differences (P > 0.10) were observed in the total collagenous connective tissue in samples extracted from the chuck or round. The comparison of lesion site and control (nonlesion site) samples for lipid concentration showed no significant difference (P > 0.10) among treatments in the round. It was concluded the Biobullet did not create a greater occurrence of lesions in the muscles of the chuck and round. The Biobullet is not an appropriate injection method for the round of beef cattle because it caused tissue damage similar to a needle injection. However, the Biobullet can be used effectively in neck (chuck) applications without additional negative effects on tenderness.  相似文献   

Blacks, Science, and American Education. Willie Pearson, Jr., and H. Kenneth Bechtel, Eds. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ, 1989. xxii, 174 pp., illus. $35     

Hilton TL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4940):349-350

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Comparison of trifluralin,oryzalin, pronamide,propham, and colchicine treatments on microtubules     

Paul G. Bartels  James L. Hilton 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1973,3(4):462-472

The mode of action of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N⁴,N⁴-dipropylsulfanilamide), pronamide(N-(1,1-dimethylpropynyl) 3,5-dichlorobenzamide), and propham (isopropyl carbanilate) on purified microtubules from pig brains and on the ultrastructure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. “Mediterranean,” C. I. 5303) and corn (Zea mays L. “yellow dent, U. S. 13”) roots was compared with that known for colchicine. Colchicine disrupts the in vivo cortical and spindle microtubules of root cells. Like colchicine, the herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and pronamide caused the loss of both cortical and spindle microtubules of root cells. The rate of microtubule disappearance depended on the type of herbicide and length of exposure of roots to the herbicide. Unlike colchicine, cortical microtubules were present in propham-treated roots but they were disoriented within the cell.In vitro polymerization studies with pig brain microtubules (Sus scrofa) showed that the herbicides failed to inhibit the assembly of purified microtubular protein into microtubules and that radioactively labeled herbicides did not bind to the microtubular protein. Colchicine inhibited the polymerization of microtubular protein and readily bound to the microtubular subunits. These results indicate that the mode of action of the herbicides is not similar to that of colchicine and that the loss of microtubules from root tip cells treated with trifluralin, oryzalin, and pronamide may be caused by these herbicides interfering with synthesis of microtubular protein or metabolism of endoplasmic reticulum membranes involved in microtubule assembly. The mode of action of propham appears to be on the microtubular organizing centers rather than on microtubules per se.  相似文献   

Black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes): an increasingly important disease of potato     

A. K. Lees †  A. J. Hilton 《Plant pathology》2003,52(1):3-12

In recent years black dot ( Colletotrichum coccodes ) has become an economically important disease problem in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ). It is characterized by silvery lesions on the tuber surface which result in a deterioration in skin quality. In addition to causing tuber blemish symptoms, C. coccodes also causes symptoms on stems and foliage, resulting in crop losses in some countries, and is implicated as a factor in the potato early dying disease complex. In the past, the incidence and severity of black dot might have been underestimated, as tuber symptoms were often mistaken for silver scurf ( Helminthosporium solani ). Inoculum of C. coccodes can be both seed tuber- and soilborne, and disease control is difficult as there are few chemical control methods and little resistance in commercial cultivars. Cultural control options offer the only potential means to control this disease at present. Current developments in rapid and specific PCR-based detection methods are being used to address epidemiological questions.  相似文献