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排序方式: 共有259条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
51.
Hiroaki Kato Shuta Asai Ayako Yamamoto-Katou Hirofumi Yoshioka Noriyuki Doke Kazuhito Kawakita 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):15-23
During defense responses, plant cells produce nitric oxide (NO), which may control many physiological processes. In a previous
study, we reported that nitrate reductase (NR) is responsible in part for INF1 elicitor-induced NO production in Nicotiana benthamiana, but the possibility remains that other NO-generating system(s) contribute to NO production. In mammalian cells, NO production
is catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS). However, NOS-like enzyme(s) have never been identified in plants, and only the gene for
Arabidopsis thaliana nitric oxide-associated 1 (AtNOA1) has been identified as a putative regulator of NOS activity in plants. In this study, we cloned NbNOA1, a homolog of AtNOA1, from N. benthamiana and investigated its involvement in NO production induced by INF1. The NbNOA1 gene was silenced by a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technique. NbNOA1-silenced plants had yellowish leaves. Silencing NbNOA1 partially decreased INF1-induced NO production, while overexpressing NbNOA1 did not affect NO production. Silencing NbNOA1 suppressed INF1-induced PR1a gene expression and increased susceptibility to Colletotrichum lagenarium. These results suggest that NbNOA1 is involved in INF1-mediated NO production and is required for defense responses.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB303300. 相似文献
52.
Yasuo Tomida Toshiya Suzuki Tsutomu Yamada Ryuji Asami Hirofumi Yaegashi Yasufumi Iryu Tsuguo Otake 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):273-280
We examined differences in otolith oxygen (δ18Ootolith) and carbon (δ13Cotolith) stable isotope ratios between hatchery and wild pink salmon fry. The δ18Ootolith values of hatchery and wild fry were ?7.7 ± 0.2 ‰ and ?8.3 ± 0.3 ‰ (1σ), respectively. This difference reflected differences in temperature conditions experienced by each fry. The δ13Cotolith values of hatchery and wild fry were ?19.2 ± 0.3 ‰ and ?11.1 ± 1.8 ‰ (1σ), respectively. The lower δ13Cotolith values of hatchery fry were probably related to their intake of artificial diets. Discriminant analysis of δ18Ootolith and δ13Cotolith values demonstrated a highly significant difference between hatchery and wild fry with 95.8 % classification accuracy. Therefore, analysis of δ18Ootolith and δ13Cotolith precipitated in the fry stage may be useful for discriminating the origin of returning adult pink salmon. The discrimination method for returning adult fish would provide important information for evaluating the effect of hatchery release and their impact on the wild population. 相似文献
53.
Takeshi Yamamoto Hiroyuki Okamoto Hirofumi Furuita Koji Murashita Hiroyuki Matsunari Yasuro Iwashita Shunji Amano Nobuhiro Suzuki 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):569-579
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth and physiological condition of F1 amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae juveniles obtained from broodstock that had been selected for growth on a low fish-meal (LFM) diet. F1 juveniles from broodstock showing superior or inferior growth on a LFM diet (LFM-S, LFM-I), and those from broodstock showing intermediate growth on a fish meal-based (FM) diet (FM-M), were fed a LFM diet and a FM diet. In fish fed the LFM diet, growth of LFM-S was significantly better than FM-M at 3 weeks; however, this superiority in growth disappeared at the end of the 10-week trial. Growth of LFM-I was significantly lower than LFM-S throughout the feeding trial. Growth of fish fed the FM diet was not significantly different among groups, and higher than fish fed the LFM diet. Improvements in the blood hemoglobin concentration and morphological conditions of the distal intestine and liver were observed in LFM-S fed the LFM diet. Although the effect of selective breeding was limited in F1 amago salmon, the present results suggest that continuous selection for growth with a LFM diet has potential as a method to adapt to the limited supply of fish meal. 相似文献
54.
Koji Murashita Hiroyuki Matsunari Kazunori Kumon Yosuke Tanaka Satoshi Shiozawa Hirofumi Furuita Hiromi Oku Takeshi Yamamoto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1741-1755
The major digestive enzymes in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis larvae were characterized, and the physiological characteristics of the enzymes during early ontogeny were clarified using biochemical and molecular approaches. The maximum activity of trypsin (Try), chymotrypsin (Ct) and amylase (Amy) was observed at pH 6–11, 8–11 and 6–9, respectively. Maximum activity of Try, Ct and Amy occurred at 50 °C, that of lipase (Lip) was at 60 °C and that of pepsin (Pep) was at 40–50 °C. These pH and thermal profiles were similar to those for other fish species but differed from those previously reported for adult bluefin tuna. Enzyme activity for all enzymes assayed was found to decrease at high temperatures (Try, Ct, Amy and Pep: 50 °C; Lip: 40 °C), which is similar to findings for other fish species with one marked exception—increased Try activity was observed at 40 °C. Lip activity appeared to be dependent on bile salts under our assay conditions, resulting in a significant increase in activity in the presence of bile salts. Ontogenetic changes in pancreatic digestive enzymes showed similar gene expression patterns to those of other fish species, whereas marked temporal increases in enzyme activities were observed at 10–12 days post hatching (dph), coinciding with previously reported timing of the development of the pyloric caeca in bluefin tuna larvae. However, complete development of digestive function was indicated by the high pep gene expression from 19 dph, which contradicts the profile of Pep activity and previously reported development timing of the gastric gland. These findings contribute to the general knowledge of bluefin tuna larval digestive system development. 相似文献
55.
Effect of increased feeding of dietary α‐linolenic acid by grazing on formation of the cis9,trans11–18:2 isoform of conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk 下载免费PDF全文
Mio Yamaguchi Taki Naito Yoshikazu Nagao Yukihito Kabuyama Kei Hashimoto Norihiro Azuma Isamu Maeda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):1006-1011
Feeding systems such as grazing affect the fatty acid profile of bovine milk fat. In addition, milk fat is formed as the product of fatty acid metabolism in cow bodies before being secreted into milk. However, how grazing influences milk fatty acid profile through the metabolism has not been completely characterized. When fatty acid concentrations in Holstein milk were compared between grazing and non‐grazing periods, α‐linolenic acid was significantly higher in the grazing period than in the non‐grazing period. This could be explained with an increase in α‐linolenic acid feeding with grazing. α‐linolenic acid had a linear positive correlation with conjugated linoleic acid (9c,11t‐18:2) (CLA) and vaccenic acid (VA) during the grazing period, whereas CLA had higher correlation with linoleic acid rather than with α‐linolenic acid during the non‐grazing period. These data indicate that the high content of dietary α‐linolenic acid affects CLA and VA formation in milk of grazing periods via α‐linolenic acid metabolism into VA. 相似文献
56.
Kenji Yokota Takuma Teraoka Yoshimasa Tsujii Hirofumi Suzuki Keiichi Murakami Eitaro Miwa Kyoko Higuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):219-224
Potato dextrose broth (PDB), one of the most popular culture media for fungi, can be made in the laboratory from potato extract
and glucose (handmade PDB) and also bought as powder (commercial PDB). We compared growth of Fusarium oxysporum in handmade and commercial PDBs. For seven strains tested, bud cell formation and fungal biomass were higher in handmade
PDB than in commercial PDB. Gel filtration analyses revealed that handmade PDB contained carbohydrates with molecular weights
>20 MDa, while most carbohydrates in commercial PDB were <45 kDa. Freshly prepared, raw potato starch had a molecular weight
>20 MDa and enhanced bud cell formation by five of seven strains when added to commercial PDB. The addition of glucose to
commercial PDB promoted biomass production but not bud cell formation. Furthermore, in a semisynthetic medium containing raw
potato starch, bud cell formation was enhanced for all strains tested. These results indicate that the high molecular carbohydrates
present in raw potatoes enhanced bud cell formation by Fusarium oxysporum. 相似文献
57.
Hirofumi Ido Hirofumi Nagao Hideo Kato Atsushi Miyatake Yasushi Hiramatsu 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(5):422-428
Tests of compression perpendicular to the grain were carried out on laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and timber. The species
tested were sugi, radiata pine, karamatsu, akamatsu, and dahurian larch; two sets of sugi specimens were tested, with the
sugi LVL products being manufactured in different plants. The strength properties of the materials for different loading directions
were compared for LVL and timber. At 5% compressive strain in the same materials, the average stress in the tangential direction
of timber was larger than that in the radial direction for all species except for radiata pine, and the average stress in
the edge-wise direction of LVL was larger than that in the flat-wise direction for all species except for radiata pine. When
the stress at 5% strain was compared in the same direction, the average stress of LVL in the edge-wise direction was larger
than that in timber in the tangential direction for all species, but there were no great differences between the average stress
of LVL in the fl at-wise direction and that of timber in the radial direction for all species except for radiation pine. There
was a close relationship between density and stress at 5% strain in LVL, especially in the edge-wise direction. For all results,
radiata pine did not follow the trend of the other species; The large annual ring width of radiata pine was considered to
have affected the results. 相似文献
58.
Seiko YAMANO Minako KAWAI Yoshio MINAMI Atsushi HIRAGA Hirofumi MIYATA 《Journal of Equine Science》2010,21(4):59-65
We evaluated differences in muscle fiber recruitment patterns between continuous and
interval training to develop an optimal training program for Thoroughbred horses. Five
well trained female thoroughbred horses (3–4 years old) were used. The horses performed
two different exercises on a 10% inclined treadmill: 90%VO2 max for 4 min
(continuous) and 90% VO2 max for 2 min × 2 times with 10-min interval
(interval). Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and
immediately after the exercises. Four muscle fiber types (type I, IIA, IIA/X, and IIX)
were immunohistochemically identified, and the optical density of periodic acid Schiff
staining (OD-PAS) in each fiber type and glycogen content of the muscle sample were
determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures, respectively. No
significant differences were found in the OD-PASs and glycogen contents between the
continuous and interval exercises, but the decreases in OD-PAS of fast-twitch muscle
fibers were obvious after interval as compared to continuous exercise. Interval exercise
may be a more effective training stimulus for the glycolytic capacity of fast-twitch
muscle fiber. The data about muscle fiber recruitment can provide significant insights
into the optimal training program not only for thoroughbred horses, but also for human
athletes. 相似文献
59.
Shiro Fukuta Reiko Takahashi Satoru Kuroyanagi Noriyuki Miyake Hirofumi Nagai Hirofumi Suzuki Fujio Hashizume Tomoko Tsuji Hiromi Taguchi Hideki Watanabe Koji Kageyama 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):689-701
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the rDNA ITS sequence of P. aphanidermatum was developed. Results of a specificity test using 57 strains of Pythium spp. indicated that the LAMP assay gave no cross reactions in other 39 Pythium species, 11 strains of Phytophthora spp. and eight other soil borne pathogens. The detection limit was 10 fg of genomic DNA, which was ten times the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction. The LAMP assay was applied to hydroponic solution samples from tomato fields, and the results were compared to those of the conventional plating method. LAMP was observed to be effective for the specific detection of P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, P. aphanidermatum was detected directly in tomato roots infected with P. aphanidermatum without DNA extraction. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple, sensitive and rapid tool for the detection of P. aphanidermatum. 相似文献
60.
Maeda-Yamamoto M Ema K Monobe M Tokuda Y Tachibana H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(9):2165-2170
It has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (EGCG3″Me) and the EGCG3″Me-rich green tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) cultivar 'Benifuuki' exhibit antiallergic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various tea leaf catechins on histamine release from murine bone marrow mast cells (BMMC). At a dose of 50 μg/mL, the rank order of histamine release inhibition was observed to be epicatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (ECG3″Me) > gallocatechin-3-O-(3″-O-methyl)-gallate (GCG3″Me) > EGCG3″Me > gallocatechin-gallate (GCG) > catechin-gallate (CG) > EGCG > epicatechin-gallate (ECG) > epigallocatechin (EGC) > gallocatechin (GC). Of the various tea cultivars analyzed by HPLC, the greatest content of ECG3″Me was found in the third crop of 'Benifuuki' (1.05% dry weight). Moreover, ECG3″Me content was positively correlated with EGCG3″Me content in 'Benifuuki' tea leaves. In an assay of mixtures of ECG3″Me and EGCG3″Me, inhibitory activity (50 μg/mL in total) was increased as the content of ECG3″Me increased. This suggests that ECG3″Me might link to the antiallergic effect of 'Benifuuki' tea, as has been reported for EGCG3″Me. 相似文献