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81.
Masafumi SHIMIZU Norikazu FUJITA Yoshiko NAKAGAWA Tomio NISHIMURA Tamotsu FURUMAI Yasuhiro IGARASHI Hiroyasu ONAKA Ryuji YOSHIDA Hitoshi KUNOH 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(4):325-332
An endophytic actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. R-5, which had been isolated from a field-grown rhododendron plant, was used to protect rhododendron seedlings in tissue
culture from Pestalotia disease caused by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana. R-5 had intense antagonistic activity against P. sydowiana without adversely affecting the seedlings in glass flasks. A suspension of R-5 was spread on the surface of the multiplication
medium in glass flasks in which seedlings were growing. Ten days later, the 4th upper leaf of seedlings was inoculated with
P. sydowiana and incubated for 14 days. In controls untreated with R-5, substrate mycelia of P. sydowiana grew on all leaves and stems above and below the 4th leaf within 2–3 days of inoculation. Such growth resulted in the wilting
death of 54% of seedlings by 14 days. In contrast, only the inoculated leaves turned brown in ca. 90% of seedlings growing on medium treated with R-5. None of these seedlings died. Thus, treatment of the medium surface
with R-5 efficiently protects the seedlings from infection by P. sydowiana. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that substrate mycelia of R-5 grew on and beneath the cuticle of leaves of the treated
seedlings. Fluorescent microscopy showed that R-5 was also inside the leaves.
Received 8 June 2001/ Accepted in revised form 4 July 2001 相似文献
82.
Hitoshi Watanabe Shuji Tsuda Jun-ichi Fukami 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(2):150-154
The effects of chlordimeform on rectus abdominis muscle of frog were investigated. Chlordimeform (10?3M) caused a slow contraction, and at lower concentration (10?5–10?3M) it inhibited the acetylcholine-induced contraction in noncompetitive manner. When chlordimeform was applied to the muscle of Rana catesbiana, K+-induced contraction was also inhibited in noncompetitive manner. Whereas it had no effect on caffeine-induced contraction.Chlordimeform-induced contraction was not affected by respective addition of d-tubocurarine (10?4M), procaine (10?3M), or eserine (0.3 mM), which results were same as that of K+-induced contraction. Chlordimeform, at lower concentration (10?5–10?3M), inhibits the acetylcholine- and K+-induced contractions probably owing to depression of not only the sensitivity of endplate but also the excitability of cell membrane. 相似文献
83.
Hiroshi Tajimi Tsugumi Yamazaki Syoko Oike Tatsuyuki Yoshida Konosuke Okada Masashige Kuwayama Hitoshi Ushijima 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(8):1194-1200
This study was conducted to examine the utility of vitrification for bovine embryos with low‐quality grade, and simple cryoprotectants dilution method for practitioners. In Experiment 1, survival of frozen embryos was compared with that of vitrified embryos using minimum volume cooling (MVC). Then, vitrified embryos were used to confirm the optimum sucrose concentration in Experiment 2. The survival rates of embryos that had been vitrified following diluted cryoprotectants with the one‐step in‐straw method were compared with those of fresh control embryos in Experiment 3. Frozen‐thawed or vitrified‐warmed blastocysts were cultured with TCM‐199 supplemented with 100 μmol/L beta‐mercaptoethanol +5% fetal bovine serum at 38.5°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, their survival after 24 hr were compared. The development to term of fair quality in vivo embryos after vitrification was examined in Experiment 4. Results show that survival rates of frozen‐thawed embryos were lower (p < .05) than that of vitrified‐warmed ones. When vitrified embryos were warmed in 0.3 mol/L sucrose in straws, their survival rate was 100%. The total cell numbers of vitrified‐warmed embryos were comparable to those of fresh control embryos. The six calves from 13 vitrified embryos were delivered in Experiment 4. These results indicate that MVC vitrification following one‐step cryoprotectants dilution is utilized to preserve low‐quality bovine embryos. 相似文献
84.
Tadashi Oikawa Toshiya Matsui Yasunori Matsuda Teruko Takayama Hitoshi Niinuma Yasuyo Nishida Kazuo Hoshi Mitsuyoshi Yatagai 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(2):140-146
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood and their effects on artifacts are of intense interest to museum staff who must
strictly manage the preservation environment. In this study, the causal substances of deterioration were inferred by comparison
with laser Raman (LR) spectra of deterioration products. The artifact samples were deteriorated using VOCs from woods (WV
test), and using specific substances that occur in wood VOCs (SV test). The deteriorated samples were analyzed by LR spectroscopy
and the results of the WV and SV tests were compared.
Hinokitiol and acetic acid were found to be two of the main causal substances of deterioration in western red cedar. Deterioration
of iron and copper by spruce did not appear to be caused by acetic acid, as is generally assumed, but by some other unknown
compound(s). Sensitivity to wood-based VOC components depended on the type of artifact. In western red cedar, mitsudasou (litharge) was very sensitive to acetic acid, while other artifacts were sensitive to hinokitiol. The LR method used in this
study is very useful for the inference of causal substances of deterioration based on the detection of small amounts of deteriorated
products such as those generated by deterioration due to wood VOCs.
Part of this article was presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for the Conservation of Cultural Property,
Kyoto, June 2003 相似文献
85.
Yuichi Yamaura Hitoshi Tojo Yasumasa Hirata Kenichi Ozaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2007,12(4):298-305
It is important to conserve forest-dependent organisms not only in broadleaved forests but also in plantation forests. We
examined how surrounding forest areas affect forest bird assemblages inhabiting conifer plantations and broadleaved forests
in a rural landscape in central Japan. Surrounding forest areas were measured separately as plantation area and broadleaved
forest area within 200 m of each sampling site. We used hierarchical partitioning to analyze the effects of surrounding forest
areas and stand structures (stand height and understory coverage) on the occurrence of four species groups. We especially
focused on mature forest users that are most sensitive to loss of broadleaved forests. Occurrence of mature forest users inhabiting
plantation sites was positively affected both by plantation area and broadleaved forest area whereas the occurrence of mature
forest users inhabiting broadleaved forests was affected by stand height only. These results suggest that surrounding forest
areas were more important to mature forest users in plantations than in broadleaved forests. To conserve mature forest users,
increasing surrounding forest areas are important in plantations whereas increasing stand heights would be effective in broadleaved
forests. 相似文献
86.
Ohara H Matsumoto H Ito K Iwai K Sato K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1532-1535
We compared quantity and structures of food-derived gelatin hydrolysates in human blood from three sources of type I collagen in a single blind crossover study. Five healthy male volunteers ingested type I gelatin hydrolysates from fish scale, fish skin, or porcine skin after 12 h of fasting. Amounts of free form Hyp and Hyp-containing peptide were measured over a 24-h period. Hyp-containing peptides comprised approximately 30% of all detected Hyp. The total area under the concentration-time curve of the fish scale group was significantly higher than that of the porcine skin group. Pro-Hyp was a major constituent of Hyp-containing peptides. Ala-Hyp, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, Phe-Hyp, and Pro-Hyp-Gly were detected only with fish scale or fish skin gelatin hydrolysates. Ala-Hyp-Gly and Ser-Hyp-Gly were detected only with fish scale gelatin hydrolysate. The quantity and structure of Hyp-containing peptides in human blood after oral administration of gelatin hydrolysate depends on the gelatin source. 相似文献
87.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of rosemary and sage (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) essential oils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bozin B Mimica-Dukic N Samojlik I Jovin E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7879-7885
The essential oils of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) were analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assayed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activity was tested against 13 bacterial strains and 6 fungi, including Candida albicans and 5 dermatomycetes. The most important antibacterial activity of both essential oils was expressed on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. enteritidis, and Shigella sonei. A significant rate of antifungal activity, especially of essential oil of rosemary, was also exhibited. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as a free radical scavenging capacity (RSC), together with the effect on lipid peroxidation (LP). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of essential oils on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals. Effects on LP were evaluated following the activities of essential oils in Fe(2+)/ascorbate and Fe(2+)/H2O2 systems of induction. Investigated essential oils reduced the DPPH radical formation (IC50 = 3.82 microg/mL for rosemary and 1.78 microg/mL for sage) in a dose-dependent manner. Strong inhibition of LP in both systems of induction was especially observed for the essential oil of rosemary. 相似文献
88.
Takasu M Shirota K Uchida N Iguchi T Nishii N Ohba Y Maeda S Miyazawa K Murase T Kitagawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(5):519-521
We encountered an extremely rare tumor, a pericardial mesothelioma, in a neonatal calf. The patient calf showed severe abdominal distention, and died immediately after birth. The thoracic cavity was contained a huge heart with a large amount of pericardial fluid. A number of granular and cobblestone-like nodules were dispersed over the epicardium and pericardium. The nodules consisted of papillary proliferations of neoplastic cells, and the neoplasm occasionally showed mesenchymal proliferations. Immunohistochemistry revealed that they had the characteristics of mesothelial cells (cytokeratin-and vimentin-positive), and the neoplasm was diagnosed as mesothelioma. 相似文献
89.
90.
Odorant receptor-derived cAMP signals direct axonal targeting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In mammals, odorant receptors (ORs) direct the axons of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) toward targets in the olfactory bulb. We show that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signals that regulate the expression of axon guidance molecules are essential for the OR-instructed axonal projection. Genetic manipulations of ORs, stimulatory G protein, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein shifted the axonal projection sites along the anteriorposterior axis in the olfactory bulb. Thus, it is the OR-derived cAMP signals, rather than direct action of OR molecules, that determine the target destinations of OSNs. 相似文献