Structure-specific detection of plant cuticle bound residues of chlorothalonil by ELISA     

Carsten Jahn  Holger Zorn  Arnd Petersen  Wolfgang Schwack 《Pest management science》1999,55(12):1167-1176

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the main photo-addition products of chlorothalonil with olefinic compounds of plant cuticles were produced. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of free and bound chlorothalonil and its derivatives. For the characterization of the binding properties of the mAb, derivatives of chlorothalonil (simulating structures of cuticle bound residues) were synthesized. The cross-reactivities of these products were determined by ELISA. The test system was employed to detect bound residues of chlorothalonil in enzymatically isolated tomato cuticles, which had been spiked with methanolic solutions of the compound, irradiated by simulated sunlight and extracted. The use of isolated cuticles allows work to be carried out with authentic material without disturbance by metabolic processes. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Arten-, Prozeß- und Ressourcenschutz vor dem Hintergrund faunistischer Untersuchungen im Kronenraum des Waldes     

Ulrich Ammer  Holger Schubert 《European Journal of Forest Research》1999,118(1-6):70-87

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Stable isotopes infer the value of Australia’s coastal vegetated ecosystems from fisheries     

Holger Jnes  Peter I. Macreadie  Emily Nicholson  Daniel Ierodiaconou  Simon Reeves  Matthew D. Taylor  Paul E. Carnell 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(1):80-90

Wild capture fisheries provide substantial input to the global economy through employment and revenue. The coastal zone is especially productive, accounting for just 7% of the total area of the ocean, but supporting an estimated 50% of the world's fisheries. Vegetated coastal ecosystems—seagrass meadows, tidal marshes and mangrove forests—are widely cited as providing nutritional input that underpin coastal fisheries production; however, quantitative evidence of this relationship is scarce. Using Australia as a case study, we synthesized fisheries stable isotope data to estimate nutritional input derived from coastal vegetated ecosystems and combined these “proportional contribution” estimates with total annual catch data from commercial fisheries to determine species‐specific dollar values for coastal vegetated ecosystems. Based on the data from 96 commercially important fish species across Australian states (total landings 14 × 10⁶ tonnes pa), we provide a conservative estimate that Australia's coastal vegetated ecosystems contribute at least 78 million AUD per year to the fisheries economy. Two thirds of this contribution came from tidal marshes and seagrasses that were both equally valued at 31.5 million AUD per year (39.4%) followed by mangroves at 14.9 million AUD per year (18.6%). The highest dollar values of coastal ecosystems originated from eastern king prawn (Melicertus plebejus) and giant mud crab (Scylla serrata). This study demonstrates the substantial economic value supported by Australia's coastal vegetated ecosystems through commercial fisheries harvest. These estimates create further impetus to conserve and restore coastal wetlands and maintain their support of coastal fisheries into the future.  相似文献   

Novel lysimeter techniques — a basis for the improved investigation of water,gas, and solute transport in soils     

Ralph Meissner  Holger Rupp  Michael Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(6):603-608

For many years lysimeters have been proven to be effective tools in assessing and predicting the effects of current land use and future land use changes in catchment areas on both water and solute balances. Although due to the diverse aspects of mass transport modelling, many different types of lysimeters exist, water and solute balances are by no means fully understood, especially in post‐mining areas. To tackle this problem, a new piece of equipment has been developed which enables the actual weight of a lysimeter to be precisely measured. The newly designed device, which has been used for one of the experiments described in this paper, permits the weighing of for example a 2 m³ lysimeter vessel with an accuracy down to 30 g. The second newly developed appliance presented here is the GAMS (Gas‐Migration‐Simulator). Basically comparable to a lysimeter, the difference is that the GAMS allows the detailed investigation of soil‐gas migration processes and their dependence on parameters like the diffusion coefficient and the gas permeability of the soil, alterations of the groundwater level and on various external influences such as changes of the actual meteorological conditions. These two newly developed techniques are described in this paper, and their respective suitability is demonstrated on the basis of data sets recorded during initial experiments.  相似文献   

Cu‐, Zn‐ und Cd‐Aneignungsvermögen von zwei Spinatgenotypen in Abhängigkeit von der P‐Versorgung und Wurzelexsudation     

Holger Keller  Wilhelm Rmer 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(3):335-342

Cu, Zn, and Cd acquisition by two spinach cultivars depending on P nutrition and root exudation Within a spectrum of 11 spinach cultivars (cvs) differences in the Cu, Zn, and Cd contents of shoots had been noticed. The aim of this study was therefore to analyze in more detail the acquisition of Cu, Zn, and Cd by the most differing cultivars (Tabu and Monnopa) in dependence on P nutrition. The plants were grown in a low phosphorus Luvisol (pH 6.3; total contents Cu: 89, Zn: 297, Cd: 2.4 mg kg^—1) with two phosphorus levels in pots under natural conditions. For the determination of inflow, root length/shoot weight ratio and of the Cu, Zn, and Cd concentration in the soil solution (rhizosphere) plants were harvested 26 and 40 days after sowing. Root exudation of organic acids of the two cvs was measured 35 days after growing in quartz sand with different P supply. Both cultivars responded to P fertilizer by doubling their shoot weight. With increased P supply (0.68—0.77% P in shoot‐DM) both cultivars showed similar heavy metal contents in the shoot resulting from similar root length/shoot weight ratios (RSR) and net uptake rates of the three elements as well as the same element concentrations in the rhizosphere soil solution. Under P deficiency, however, cv. Tabu (0.52% P in shoot‐DM) showed in comparison with cv. Monnopa (0.48% P) higher Cu, Zn, and Cd contents of shoots although its RSR was smaller than that of cv. Monnopa. However, the inflow for Cu was higher and for Zn and Cd significantly higher compared with cv. Monnopa. This result of cv. Tabu corresponded with higher concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd of its rhizosphere soil solution, and its higher exudation rates of oxalate, citrate, and malate (3.9; 1.0; 0.7 nmol cm^—1 h^—1). The corresponding values for cv. Monnopa were: 1.7; 0.3; 0.4 nmol cm^—1 h^—1. The mobilization of Cu, Zn, and Cd by the excreted organic acids seems to be responsible for the higher Cu, Zn, and Cd inflow of cv. Tabu.  相似文献   

Molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice     

Tianxiao Chen  Sergey Shabala  Yanan Niu  Zhong-Hua Chen  Lana Shabala  Holger Meinke  Gayatri Venkataraman  Ashwani Pareek  Jianlong Xu  Meixue Zhou 《作物学报(英文版)》2021,(3):506-520

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and production. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important stapl...  相似文献   

Temporal synchrony of Thaumetopoea processionea egg hatch and Quercus robur budburst     

Eiko Wagenhoff  Rainer Blum  Katharina Engel  Holger Veit  Horst Delb 《Journal of pest science》2013,86(2):193-202

Field observations on egg hatch of Thaumetopoea processionea suggest that temporal asynchrony with Quercus robur budburst leads to starvation, retarded neonate development and mortality. However, T. processionea neonates are generally well adapted to variable between-tree and within-tree budburst phenology reflecting the species’ close bond to its host. They are able to withstand starvation periods of up to 3 weeks while searching extensively for suitable buds to feed on. Feeding and movements of young larvae frequently occur during daytime presumably taking advantage of higher day temperatures when night temperatures are below the species’ thermal threshold. Due to the specific adaptations, we assume precise temporal synchrony to play a minor role regarding its influences on T. processionea population dynamics. However, if hatching precedes budburst for more than 2–3 weeks, temporal asynchrony may become a significant mortality factor for the neonates particularly when other adverse events (e.g. unfavourable weather conditions) during that period are involved. Therefore, future studies should try to reveal further details of this interaction and focus on the impact of global warming on T. processionea—oak budburst synchronisation.  相似文献   

Langjährige lysimeterversuchsergeb‐nisse über den einfluss einer gestaffelten mineraldüngung auf den nährstoffaustrag     

Ralph Meissner  Holger Rupp  Juliane Seeger  Peter Schonert 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):197-219

Zur Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Niveau der mineralischen Düngung und dem sik‐kerwassergebundenen Nährstoffaustrag ist 1985 ein kombinierter mehrfaktorieller Lysimeterversuch mit den Teilgliedern Mineraldüngung, Nutzung und Bodenart angelegt worden. Als Ergebnis der achtjährigen Auswertung konnte sowohl eine signifikante Reduzierung der Abflußbildung als auch eine signifikante Ertragszunahme mit steigendem Mineraldüngeraufwand belegt werden. Bei dem aus Sicht der Trinkwasserversorgung besonders interessierenden Kriterium Stickstoff bzw. Nitrat wurde die geringste Auswaschung von durchschnittlich 6 kg N/ha·a auf dem lehmigen Sandboden bei Graslandnutzung und die höchste von 24 kg N/haa auf dem Sandboden mit Ackernutzung festgestellt. Die erwartete Verminderung des Austrages von Stickstoff, Phosphor und Kalium bei einer um 50% reduzierten Mineraldüngung konnte im untersuchten Applikationsspektrum nicht statistisch nachgewiesen werden. Eine deutliche Reduzierung der Nährstoffbelastung der Wasserressourcen ist durch eine Düngung im suboptimalen Bereich als alleinige Schutzmaßnahme nicht zu erreichen.  相似文献   

NDVI-based estimates of evapotranspiration of winter wheat indicate positive effects of N fertilizer application on agronomic water-use efficiency     

Philipp Drerup  Holger Brueck  Dejene Eticha  Heinrich W. Scherer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(1):1-12

Yield increases by fertilizer application impose higher crop water use, as biomass production is positively correlated with transpiration. To quantify effects of N fertilizer supply on evapotranspiration (ET) of winter wheat, a field experiment with three nitrogen rates (N0, N120 and N230) under non-water-limited conditions was performed during 2014 and 2015. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to derive crop coefficients which were used to calculate N effects on bare soil evaporation (E), transpiration, evapotranspiration (ET), grain yield and harvest index (HI). E during the early post-winter growth period was measured with micro-lysimeters and compared with model estimates. N fertilizer supply resulted in lower cumulative E, and increases in grain yield were higher than increases in ET, resulting in a higher agronomic water-use efficiency (WUE_Y). HI of treatment N120 was higher than that of treatment N230 indicating that HI was not the main reason of higher WUE_Y of treatment N230. It is concluded that estimates of ET under variable N supply require consideration of N-induced effects on canopy development which could be successfully monitored by NDVI measurements. N supply increases ET and WUE_Y potentially imposing a trade-off between water conservation and efficiency of water use for crop production.  相似文献   

Ozonated water electrolytically generated by diamond-coated electrodes controlled phytonematodes in replanted soil     

Kanfra  Xorla  Elhady  Ahmed  Thiem  Hendrik  Pleger  Sven  Höfer  Markus  Heuer  Holger 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(6):1657-1665

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Phytonematodes cause severe yield losses in horticulture, partly because they are difficult to manage. Compact, energy-efficient generators that...  相似文献