Application of modal analysis by transfer function to nondestructive testing of wood I: determination of localized defects in wood by the shape of the flexural vibration wave   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaoyang Yang  Yutaka Ishimaru  Ikuho Iida  Hiroyuki Urakami 《Journal of Wood Science》2002,48(4):283-288

This study was intended to detect nondestructively some defects such as knots and grain deviations in wood using modal analysis. The shapes of flexural vibration waves at the first mode generated by the tapping of wooden beams were determined using the transfer function. The wave shapes obtained were compared with the theoretical wave shape for a uniform material; and the possibility of detecting defects in wood was examined. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The shapes of flexural vibration waves at the first mode of wooden beams free of defects coincided almost completely with the theoretical wave shape. (2) The shapes of flexural vibration waves of wooden beams containing defects such as knots clearly differed from the theoretical wave shape, especially near the defect. (3) Based on these results, it should be possible to detect the presence of defects and to determine their location in wood.Part of this report was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999. This article is translated from the Japanese edition published inMokuzai Gakkaishi Vol. 47, No. 4, 1988  相似文献   

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in marine products     

Ashizuka Y  Nakagawa R  Tobiishi K  Hori T  Iida T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):3807-3813

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as flame retardants in plastics and textile coatings, and these compounds have been recognized as ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Furthermore, it is considered a serious problem that polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/DFs), having toxicities similar to those of chlorinated dioxins, are generated by the manufacture of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as PBDEs, and formed by the combustion of substances containing BFRs. Several congeners of PBDD/DFs and PBDEs have been detected in the adipose tissue of the Japanese. Although food is suspected as an exposure source, little information is available regarding the levels of these brominated compounds in food, as compared with information regarding dioxin or polychlorinated biphenyls. It is necessary to investigate the levels of these brominated organic compounds in various foods and to estimate their influence in the case of human exposure. We developed an efficient method of analyzing PBDEs and PBDD/DFs contents in food samples using accelerated solvent extraction and determined the concentrations in several marine products such as raw fish, processed foods, and seaweed purchased in Japan. A recovery test (n = 5) using the method and involving dried fish showed acceptable recoveries of 57.7-78.5% (RSD 5.4-15.9%) for PBDEs and 50.0-56.4% (RSD 1.5-7.9%) for PBDD/DFs. In the analysis of marine product samples, several congeners of PBDEs were detected in raw fish, processed fish, and seaweed; the highest concentration of sigmaPBDEs was detected in yellowtail (1161 pg/g whole basis), followed by mackerel (553.5 pg/g whole basis). The most dominant congener present in these marine samples was 2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE (#47).  相似文献   

Applicability of the quantification of genetically modified organisms to foods processed from maize and soy     

Yoshimura T  Kuribara H  Matsuoka T  Kodama T  Iida M  Watanabe T  Akiyama H  Maitani T  Furui S  Hino A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2052-2059

The applicability of quantifying genetically modified (GM) maize and soy to processed foods was investigated using heat treatment processing models. The detection methods were based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Ground seeds of insect resistant GM maize (MON810) and glyphosate tolerant Roundup Ready (RR) soy were dissolved in water and were heat treated by autoclaving for various time intervals. The calculated copy numbers of the recombinant and taxon specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences in the extracted DNA solution were found to decrease with time. This decrease was influenced by the PCR-amplified size. The conversion factor (Cf), which is the ratio of the recombinant DNA sequence to the taxon specific DNA sequence and is used as a constant number for calculating GM% at each event, tended to be stable when the sizes of PCR products of two DNA sequences were nearly equal. The results suggested that the size of the PCR product plays a key role in the quantification of GM organisms in processed foods. It is believed that the Cf of the endosperm (3n) is influenced by whether the GM originated from a paternal or maternal source. The embryos and endosperms were separated from the F1 generation seeds of five GM maize events, and their Cf values were measured. Both paternal and maternal GM events were identified. In these, the endosperm Cf was lower than that of the embryo, and the embryo Cf was lower than that of the endosperm. These results demonstrate the difficulties encountered in the determination of GM% in maize grains (F2 generation) and in processed foods from maize and soy.  相似文献   

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of trimethoprim residues in egg yolk and albumen in a feeding experiment     

T Nagata  M Saeki  T Iida  M Kataoka  S Shikano 《The British veterinary journal》1991,147(4):346-351

In a feeding experiment, the residues of trimethoprim (TMP) in egg yolk and albumen were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Laying hens were divided into four groups. The first group was designated as control and fed with TMP free diet during the experimental period. The second, third and fourth groups were administered with the feeds containing 4 p.p.m., 16 p.p.m. and 56 p.p.m. TMP, respectively, for 19 days and, thereafter, fed with TMP free diet. TMP was mainly found in yolk in all the three administered levels. In the medication period, the average concentration of TMP in the yolk of the second, third and fourth groups was 0.05, 0.25, and 0.90 p.p.m., respectively. After withdrawal of medication, the residues of TMP in yolk in the second, third and fourth groups decreased below the detection limit at 0.02 p.p.m. on days 4, 9, and 11, respectively.  相似文献   

Intraoperative identification of canine hepatocellular carcinoma with indocyanine green fluorescent imaging     

G. Iida  K. Asano  M. Seki  K. Ishigaki  K. Teshima  O. Yoshida  K. Edamura  Y. Kagawa 《The Journal of small animal practice》2013,54(11):594-600

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Identification and variation of glutelin alpha polypeptides in the genus Oryza assessed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and step-by-step immunodetection     

Khan N  Katsube-Tanaka T  Iida S  Yamaguchi T  Nakano J  Tsujimoto H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):4955-4961

To obtain fundamental information for nutritional improvement of rice (Oryza sativa) seed proteins, the alpha polypeptides of the major storage protein glutelin varied over the genus Oryza were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized with unique methods. The polypeptides were maximally separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) composed of nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis (NEPHGE) and higher temperature SDS-PAGE. Then the subunit for each polypeptide spot was identified with the sequential immunodetection called a step-by-step detection method, making use of highly subunit-specific antibodies. The comparative analysis showed considerable variation in the accumulation level of A-type and B-type glutelin subunits and found unknown glutelin subunits that were unable to be identified with the antibodies used. Wild species accumulating a high amount of lysine-rich B-type glutelin subunits and unknown unique subunits were identified as they might play a crucial role in nutritional quality improvement of the cultivated rice.  相似文献   

Comparison of 4-Mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one contents in hop cultivars from different growing regions     

Kishimoto T  Kobayashi M  Yako N  Iida A  Wanikawa A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(3):1051-1057

Contributions of hop-derived thiols were examined. Extremely strong fruity, black currant-like aromas were detected in beers hopped with some U.S. cultivars. 4-Mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4MMP) was supposed to be the main contributor to the fruity aroma, and the contents between cultivars were investigated. In hop pellets, a negative correlation between 4MMP concentration and copper ion content in hops was observed. 4MMP was detected only in U.S., Australian, and New Zealand cultivars, but no European ones, which are treated with copper-containing fungicides (Bordeaux mixture) and therefore have a high content of copper ions. The 4MMP content was highest in Simcoe cultivars, followed by Summit, Apollo, Topaz, Cascade pellets, and also differed between crop years. It was indicated that most 4MMP exists freely in wort or in hop pellets with only small amounts formed from precursors and that the amounts increased during the fermentation process.  相似文献   

Estimation of rice protein content before harvest using ground-based hyperspectral imaging and region of interest analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hiroyuki Onoyama  Chanseok Ryu  Masahiko Suguri  Michihisa Iida 《Precision Agriculture》2018,19(4):721-734

Protein content, which represents rice taste quality, must be estimated in order to create a harvesting plan as well as next year’s basal dressing fertilizer application plan. Ground-based hyperspectral imaging with high resolution (1 × 1 mm per pixel) was used for estimating the protein content of brown rice before harvest. This paper compares the estimation accuracy of rice protein content estimation models generated from the mean reflectances of five regions of interest (ROIs): the overall target area, dark area (less illuminated parts of the rice plants), canopy area (leaves, yellow leaves, and ears), leaf area, and ear and yellow leaf area. The size of the target sampling area was 0.85 × 0.85 m. An R + G + B histogram and a GNDVI–NDVI image were used to separate the target area into the individual ROIs. The values of the coefficient of determination R ² and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) were similar for each model: R ² ranged from 0.83 to 0.86 and RMSE ranged from 0.27 to 0.30% for all models except for the dark area model, where R ² = 0.76 and RMSE = 0.35%. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of the estimation error among all models. This result indicates that it is not necessary to obtain an image with a ground resolution that is greater than 0.85 × 0.85 m per pixel to estimate rice protein content before harvest. This result should provide useful information when deciding the altitude of platforms for imaging rice fields.  相似文献   

Search for an index for the taste of Japanese Black cattle beef by panel testing and chemical composition analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Keiichi Suzuki  Hiroyuki Shioura  Syoko Yokota  Kazuo Katoh  Sang‐gun Roh  Fumiko Iida  Tomohiko Komatsu  Noriaki Syoji  Hironori Sakuma  Shinichi Yamada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):421-432

To search for an index for chemical composition related to superior taste in Japanese Black beef, we conducted panel tests and analyzed the chemical composition of seven beef brands. Thirty‐five sirloin beefs from five heifers were used in this study, sold under seven beef brands graded as more than A4 on the Japanese Meat Grade scale. The chemical composition analyses assessed both raw and roasted meat, the latter of which was roasted under the same conditions as those used for the panel test. Results of the panel test and chemical composition analyses revealed that fatty acid composition, sugar content, adenosine triphosphage (ATP)‐related compounds, amino acid composition and odor composition in the sirloin meat differed among beef brands. Furthermore, the correlations of chemical compositions between roasted and raw meat were significantly high. Sugar content and ATP‐related compounds in roasted meat were significantly correlated with the item ‘overall evaluation’ of the panel test. ATP‐related compounds, such as inosinic acid, carnosine and taurine, in roasted and raw meat were correlated significantly with the item ‘umami intensity’ of the panel test. These results suggest that the composition of these components is important for an index related to the overall evaluation of beef.  相似文献   

Development of an air-injection press for preventing blowout of particleboard IV: effects of air-injection conditions on board performance and formaldehyde emission     

Hideaki Korai  Nan Ling  Hiroshi Saotome  Takahiko Iida  Tomoko Hamano  Kensuke Kawarada 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(5):417-422

An air-injection press, which has holes punched in the heating plates, injects high-pressure air through the holes of one plate into particleboard and discharges the air through the other plate during press heating. The press can manufacture particleboard from high-moisture particles by controlling blowout of the boards. In this study, the optimum diameter and spacing of the air-injection holes and the effects of pre- and post-pressing were investigated. An optimum hole diameter was not found for the modulus of rupture and thickness swelling for a spacing of either 25 or 50 mm. In terms of internal bond strength, the optimum diameter of the holes arranged at a spacing of 25 mm was 1 mm, but the internal bond strength was not changed by the diameter of holes spaced 50 mm apart. Air injection under all hole conditions reduced the formaldehyde emission from the board. Pre-pressing was tested for further increase in the modulus of rupture and internal bond strength, but was found to have no effect. More efficient use of the air-injection press was achieved by injecting air from the early stages of pressing.  相似文献