Introduction of Yeast Metallothionein Gene (CUP1) into Plant and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Tolerance of Transgenic Plant at the Callus Stage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mio Watanabe  Fumie Shinmachi  Akira Noguchi  Isao Hasegawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):129-133

For phytoremediation, it is necessary to use plants with a large biomass and ability to absorb and accumulate heavy metals. Attempts were made to produce heavy metal-tolerant plants by introducing a metallothionein gene, CUP 1, into plants with a large biomass. In the present study, we evaluated the heavy metal tolerance of sunflower plants at the callus stage in terms of 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC)-reducing activity, measured the mRNA expression level of the introduced gene, and selected tolerant clones. The transgenic calli of several strains showed a high TTC-reducing activity even after treatment with Cd 200 μM for 10 d. In the transgenic calli of a few strains, which showed a low TTC-reducing activity, the amount of metallothionein was lower than that in the other transgenic strains. Conversely, some transgenic calli with a high TTC-reducing activity expressed a much higher amount of mRNA of the introduced gene.  相似文献   

A novel black tea pigment and two new oxidation products of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Tanaka T  Matsuo Y  Kouno I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(19):7571-7578

During tea fermentation, oxidation-reduction dismutation of a number of quinone metabolites of tea catechins yields numerous minor products, which make it difficult to separate and purify black tea polyphenols. In this study, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate was enzymatically oxidized and then the unstable quinone metabolites in the oxidation mixture were hydrogenated with 2-mercaptoethanol to reduce production of inseparable minor dismutation products. As a result, three new oxidation products including a new black tea pigment were isolated, and their structures were determined based on chemical and spectroscopic data. Dehydrotheasinensin AQ is a new reddish-orange pigment with a 1,2-diketone structure, and its presence in commercial black tea was confirmed. In addition, a new quinone dimer with a complex caged structure and a trimer of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate were also isolated and their production mechanisms are proposed. The presence of this trimer suggested participation of galloyl quinones in production of minor polyphenols in black tea.  相似文献   

Alkaloids from the poisonous plant Ipomoea carnea: effects on intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in human lymphoblast cultures     

Ikeda K  Kato A  Adachi I  Haraguchi M  Asano N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7642-7646

There is natural intoxication of livestock by the ingestion of Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) in Brazil and other parts of the world. The alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors swainsonine, 2-epi-lentiginosine, and calystegines B(1), B(2), B(3), and C(1) have been identified as constituents of this plant. Swainsonine is a potent inhibitor of rat lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, with an IC(50) value of 0.02 microM, whereas calystegines B(1), B(2), and C(1) are potent inhibitors of rat lysosomal beta-glucosidase, with IC(50) values of 2.1, 0.75, and 0.84 microM, respectively. The action of swainsonine results in a lysosomal storage disorder that closely mimics alpha-mannosidosis in humans. To determine whether the toxicity of I. carnea to livestock is due to purely swainsonine or due to a combination of effects by swainsonine and calystegines, intracellular lysosomal glycosidase activities in normal human lymphoblasts grown with inhibitors in the medium were examined. Incubation of lymphoblasts with 0.1 microM swainsonine for 3 days resulted in approximately 60% reduction of alpha-mannosidase activity. On the other hand, calystegines B(2) and C(1) showed no inhibition of beta-glucosidase up to 1 mM; instead inclusion of calystegines B(2) and C(1) at 100 microM in the culture medium increased its activity by 1.5- and 1.6-fold, respectively. Calystegines B(2) and C(1) seem to act as chemical chaperones, enhancing correct folding of the enzyme and enabling smooth trafficking to the lysosome. The lysosomal beta-glucosidase inhibitory calystegines seem to have little risk of inducing intoxication of livestock.  相似文献   

Molecular design of multifunctional food additives: antioxidative antifungal agents     

Nihei K  Nihei A  Kubo I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5011-5020

A series of alkyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates (protocatechuates) was synthesized, and their fungicidal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was assayed using a 2-fold serial broth dilution method. Nonyl and octyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate were noted to be the most effective against this yeast with the minimum fungicidal concentration of 12.5 microg/mL each. The activity was found to correlate with the hydrophobic alkyl chain length. The time-kill curve study showed that nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate was fungicidal against S. cerevisiae at any growth stage and this activity was not influenced by pH values. The fungicidal activity of alkyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates was noted in combination with their ability to disrupt the native membrane-associated function nonspecifically as surface-active agents (surfactants) and to inhibit the respiratory electron transport. However, the primary fungicidal activity of nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate likely comes from its ability to act as a surfactant.  相似文献   

Induction of estrus in bitches with exogenous gonadotropins, and pregnancy rate and blood progesterone profiles     

T Nakao  Y Aoto  S Fukushima  M Moriyoshi  K Kawata 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1985,47(1):17-24

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Serum clearance of iodixanol for estimating glomerular filtration rate in calves     

Imai K  Yamagishi N  Kim D  Devkota B  Sato S  Murayama I  Furuhama K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1625-1628

To evaluate serum clearance of iodixanol, applicable to the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinically healthy and experimentally-induced nephropathy calves were prepared. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 40 mg I/kg, and blood was withdrawn 60, 120, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. No statistical difference in GFR was noted between strains (Holstein vs. Japanese Black) or sexes, and the α(2)-adrenergic agonist xylazine increased GFR. In calves subjected to right renal vessel ligation, followed by a left nephrectomy, a marked reduction in GFR was observed with renal ischemic changes. These results suggest that the GFR estimation by serum iodixanol clearance is a ready-to-use tool in calf research and practice owing to the ease of monitoring serial renal function.  相似文献   

Cryptosporidium infection in dogs in Osaka,Japan     

Abe N  Sawano Y  Yamada K  Kimata I  Iseki M 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,108(3):185-193

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen composed of genetically distinct but morphologically identical genotypes. Recent molecular study indicates that dogs may transmit the cattle genotype, which is known to be pathogenic to humans. Although large-scale studies of Cryptosporidium infection in dogs have been performed in several countries, the isolates were not accurately identified because of the lack of a method for molecular analysis. It is important to identify the isolates harbored in dogs, which come in close contact with humans, in order to control human cryptosporidiosis. The aim of the present study was to calculate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in dogs in Osaka city, Japan, and to characterize the isolates molecularly. The prevalence was determined to be 9.3% (13/140) by PCR. All isolates were found to be Cryptosporidium canis (previously known as the dog genotype), which is thought to be non-pathogenic in humans, based on the sequencing of diagnostic fragments. These results indicate that PCR-based diagnostic methods are a useful tool for the diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in dogs, and that dogs living in Osaka are not a significant reservoir for human cryptosporidiosis. It is unclear why C. canis is dominant in dogs. Further study is required to understand this partial parasitism.  相似文献   

Development of hemolymph prostaglandins assay systems and their concentration variations during ovarian maturation in the kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus     

Daisuke Tahara  Isao Yano 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):791-800

Hemolymph prostaglandin (PGF₂ and PGE₂) measurement systems for the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus were developed and validated. In these systems, both PGF₂ and PGE₂ in hemolymph obtained from a single prawn were measured. PGs were extracted through reverse-phase C18 cartridge column, separated for isomers of each PG by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and quantified with a radioimmunoassay (RIA). Detectable range was 6.5–200 and 26–400 pg/tube for the PGF₂ and PGE₂ assays, respectively. Serial dilution of extracted and separated hemolymph PGs (RIA sample) produced a curve parallel to the standard curves in both assays. These assays were able to measure PGs in the RIA samples spiked with the authentic standard. Overall, results indicate that the presently established assay systems can accurately measure hemolymph PGs in female kuruma prawns.

When hemolymph PGF₂ and PGE₂ levels were determined and plotted against the gonado-somatic index (GSI), no correlation was found in either PGs. In terms of ovarian developmental stages, however, the concentration of PGF₂ significantly increased from 66.7 pg/ml at stage I (previtellogenic stage) to 303 pg/ml at stage II (primary vitellogenic stage) and decreased gradually thereafter. The concentration of PGE₂ also increased markedly (4037.7 pg/ml) at stage II and decreased at stage III (secondary vitellogenesis stage). These results indicate that PGs vary in concentration during ovarian development in kuruma prawns.  相似文献   

Changes of the trophic position of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus juvenile in a sandy sublittoral area in Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan, examined by carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses     

Hiroshi Yamaguchi  Noriyuki Takai  Masahiro Ueno  Isao Hayashi 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):449-451

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Induction of rapid spawning in kuruma prawn,Penaeus japonicus,through unilateral eyestalk enucleation     

Isao Yano 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,40(3):265-268

The effect of unilateral eyestalk enucleation on induction of rapid spawning was investigated in Penaeus japonicus. Spawning rate was 50% in enucleated prawns where the optic nerve was not severed. Spawning rate was 20% in intact prawns. There was no mortality in either group. Unilateral eyestalk enucleation may prove to be an effective method for inducing P. japonicus to spawn rapidly.  相似文献