Randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli mastitis          下载免费PDF全文

Kazuhiro Kawai  Akira Takeda  Michiaki Yamada  Fumi Kayasaki  Nao Kondo  Yoshiko Sasaki  Nahoko Kanai  Takuma Mukai  Naoki Sawaguchi  Masaya Higuchi  Haruka Kondo  Kouki Sugimoto  Akane Yasuda  Aiko Watanabe 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(7):1033-1039

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of enrofloxacin (ERFX) as a second‐line antibiotic for treatment of acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis. Forty‐two cows with naturally occurring acute E. coli mastitis were enrolled. On the first day of treatment (day 0), empirically selected antibiotics (oxytetracycline: n = 32, kanamycin: n = 10) were administered. Although systemic signs improved in 10 cows (first‐line group), the signs remained unchanged or worsened in 32 cows on day 1, including two cows that were found dead. The 30 surviving cows were randomly assigned to second‐line groups constituting an ERFX group (n = 19) or a control group (n = 11) that was treated with other antibiotics. Response to each treatment was evaluated by measuring clinical signs from day 0 to day 3, subsequent quarter milk recovery, and the 60‐day survival rate. Appetite on day 3 was significantly better in the ERFX group compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in the 60‐day survival rate or the subsequent milk recovery between the ERFX group and the control group. Thus, the use of ERFX as a second‐line antibiotic for the treatment of acute E. coli mastitis could induce a rapid appetite recovery.  相似文献   

Condensation reactions of phenolic resins VII: catalytic effect of sodium bicarbonate for the condensation of hydroxymethylphenols     

Naruyuki Kamo  Jun Tanaka  Mitsuo Higuchi  Tetsuo Kondo  Mitsuhiro Morita 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):325-330

This article describes the catalytic effect of NaHCO₃ on condensation reactions of monomeric hydroxymethylphenols (HMPs) to elucidate the cure-acceleration mechanism. By comparison of the kinetics of self-condensations of HMPs, NaHCO₃ was proved to increase the reactivity of para-hydroxymethyl groups. The changes of ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts on each HMP system with the additive indicated that the addition of NaHCO₃ enhanced some molecular interactions between HMPs and NaHCO₃, facilitating a resonance effect that might play a similar role in dissociation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of HMPs. In addition, computational modeling by molecular orbital calculations elucidated that hydrogen carbonate anion (HCO ₃ ⁻ ) forms an interaction between either the para-hydroxymethyl group and the phenolic hydroxyl group or between the two para-hydroxymethyl groups of HMPs by hydrogen bonds. From the experimental results, the authors proposed the mechanism of the catalytic action of NaHCO₃: it appears to be due to the delocalization of an electron initiated by the interaction of the para-hydroxymethyl groups and the phenolic hydroxyl of HMPs with HCO ₃ ⁻ through hydrogen bonds, which results in facilitating the formation of active species.  相似文献   

Detailed images of asteroid 25143 Itokawa from Hayabusa     

Saito J  Miyamoto H  Nakamura R  Ishiguro M  Michikami T  Nakamura AM  Demura H  Sasaki S  Hirata N  Honda C  Yamamoto A  Yokota Y  Fuse T  Yoshida F  Tholen DJ  Gaskell RW  Hashimoto T  Kubota T  Higuchi Y  Nakamura T  Smith P  Hiraoka K  Honda T  Kobayashi S  Furuya M  Matsumoto N  Nemoto E  Yukishita A  Kitazato K  Dermawan B  Sogame A  Terazono J  Shinohara C  Akiyama H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1341-1344

Rendezvous of the Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa with the near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa took place during the interval September through November 2005. The onboard camera imaged the solid surface of this tiny asteroid (535 meters by 294 meters by 209 meters) with a spatial resolution of 70 centimeters per pixel, revealing diverse surface morphologies. Unlike previously explored asteroids, the surface of Itokawa reveals both rough and smooth terrains. Craters generally show unclear morphologies. Numerous boulders on Itokawa's surface suggest a rubble-pile structure.  相似文献   

Cytokinin signaling and its inhibitor AHP6 regulate cell fate during vascular development     

Mähönen AP  Bishopp A  Higuchi M  Nieminen KM  Kinoshita K  Törmäkangas K  Ikeda Y  Oka A  Kakimoto T  Helariutta Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5757):94-98

The cell lineages that form the transporting tissues (xylem and phloem) and the intervening pluripotent procambial tissue originate from stem cells near the root tip. We demonstrate that in Arabidopsis, cytokinin phytohormones negatively regulate protoxylem specification. AHP6, an inhibitory pseudophosphotransfer protein, counteracts cytokinin signaling, allowing protoxylem formation. Conversely, cytokinin signaling negatively regulates the spatial domain of AHP6 expression. Thus, by controlling the identity of cell lineages, the reciprocal interaction of cytokinin signaling and its spatially specific modulator regulates proliferation and differentiation of cell lineages during vascular development, demonstrating a previously unrecognized regulatory circuit underlying meristem organization.  相似文献   

Effect of amino acid substitutions in the epitope regions of pyolysin from Arcanobacterium pyogenes     

Imaizumi K  Matsunaga K  Higuchi H  Kaidoh T  Takeuchi S 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,91(2-3):205-213

Pyolysin (PLO), secreted by Arcanobacterium pyogenes, is a novel member of the thiol-activated cytolysin (TACY, cholesterol-dependent cytolysin) family of bacterial toxins. Recently, we demonstrated that the epitopes of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) S, H, C, and G lie in the regions of amino acids regions 55-73, 123-166, 482-506, and 482-506 of PLO, respectively, by the reaction of mAbs with truncated PLOs. In this study, we substituted the amino acids in these epitope regions of PLO by site-directed mutagenesis and examined the effect of these amino acid substitutions. Mutants I70S/R71A/L73S, Y131S/P132S, and L163S/P164S for mAbs H or S completely lost the hemolytic activity of the proteins, but these mutants still bound to erythrocyte membranes. Mutants L495S/W497S and W500S/W501S for mAbs C and G also completely lost their hemolytic activity, but still bound to erythrocyte membranes. In the undecapeptide region of PLO, the cysteine residue required for thiol activation is replaced with alanine. Therefore, we substituted Ala-492 of the undecapeptide region for Cys. The hemolytic activity of this mutant A492C decreased by adding hydrogen peroxide or storing at 4 degrees C, and the decreased hemolytic activity was restored by adding L-cysteine.  相似文献   

Repair of urinary bladder rupture through a urethrotomy and urethral sphincterotomy in four postpartum mares     

Higuchi T  Nanao Y  Senba H 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2002,31(4):344-348

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical findings, surgical technique, and outcome after repair of urinary bladder rupture through a urethral incision in postpartum mares. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Four Thoroughbred broodmares. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for clinical signs, surgical technique, medical therapy, and outcome. The bladder was everted into the vagina through a urethral incision that included a sphincterotomy. The bladder defect was repaired with absorbable suture material in a single-layer, full thickness, simple, continuous pattern. The urethral incision was closed similarly. RESULTS: Depression, inappetence, signs of shock, dehydration, azotemia, and serum electrolyte abnormalities were consistent findings that increased temporally after bladder rupture. Each bladder defect was repaired successfully, and metabolic derangements were corrected with supportive medical therapy. All mares survived, conceived, and had more foals without further complications CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bladder rupture associated with parturition in mares can be repaired in a standing position by eversion of the bladder through a urethrotomy and urethral sphincterotomy.  相似文献   

Structural gene and strain specificity of a novel cysteine protease produced by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a diseased chicken     

Takeuchi S  Matsunaga K  Inubushi S  Higuchi H  Imaizumi K  Kaidoh T 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,89(2-3):201-210

Recently whole genome sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus has revealed the genes encoding cysteine proteases such as staphopain and SspB. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the structural gene (ScpA) encoding a cysteine (thiol) protease of S. aureus strain CH-91 from a chicken with dermatitis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inverse PCR methods. The sequence information revealed a coding sequence (CDS) of 1200 nucleotides encoding the ScpA preproenzyme of 399 amino acids with a molecular mass of 45,071 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ScpA differed at many positions from those of staphopain and SspB with identities of 64 and 42%, respectively. In the Southern blot analysis with a total DNA of S. aureus strain CH-91, the ScpA probe hybridized with a single 7.7 kb XbaI fragment or 2.8 and 0.8 kb EcoRI fragments, whereas the staphopain and SspB probes did not hybridize with these DNA fragments. These results suggest that this ScpA gene is a single-copy gene and is a novel gene, which is not found in the published whole genome sequences of S. aureus. In immunoblot, PCR, and Southern blot assays, the ScpA or its gene was detected in high protease-producing strains from chickens, but was not recognized in bovine and porcine strains or low protease-producing avian strains. These results indicate that the ScpA of CH-91 type may be specific to the high protease-producing strains of S. aureus from chickens, namely, there is a strain specificity of the ScpA.  相似文献   

Complex vertebral malformation in a stillborn Holstein calf in Japan     

Nagahata H  Oota H  Nitanai A  Oikawa S  Higuchi H  Nakade T  Kurosawa T  Morita M  Ogawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(12):1107-1112

A female stillborn Holstein calf with shortened cervical and thoracic regions, protrusion of the tongue, and bilateral symmetric flexural contraction of the anterior limbs was delivered on gestation day 281. Multiple hemivertebrae, fused and misshaped vertebrae, synostosis and scoliosis of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebral column were found in the affected calf by radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) analysis. Ten pairs of ribs were present and the sternum consisted of 9 sternebrae. Multiple morphologic abnormalities including fusion, malformation, and displacement, were found in the ribs and sternum. Cardiac anomalies, including atrial septal defect and hypertrophy of right ventricle, were observed. DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that amplified product from the liver DNA of the affected calf had identical pattern to that associated with complex vertebral malformation (CVM) of Holstein calves and that her dam was a heterozygous carrier of CVM. The affected calf was diagnosed as having CVM based on the DNA-PCR results and the characteristic findings, and was recorded as a first documentation of CVM confirmed in a Holstein calf in Japan.  相似文献   

Determination of canine beta2-microgloblin in plasma and urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay     

Nakajima Y  Hoshi F  Higuchi S  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(3):343-345

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the determination of canine beta2-microglobulin (beta2-m) in plasma and urine. The detectable sensitivity for pure canine beta2-m was 0.05 microg/l and the analytical range was 0.1 to 50 microg/l. The mean analytical recovery when pure canine beta2-m was added to normal plasma was 101.9%. The mean analytical recovery in the urine was 102.1%. The intra-day variation coefficient was 3.1% in plasma, 4.3% in serum and 1.9% in urine. No difference was found between the concentration of beta2-m in plasma and serum (n=17). The concentration of beta2-m in the plasma of normal dogs was 1.82 +/- 0.57 mg/l (n=31). The mean excretion in 24 hr urine collected from normal dogs was 17.6 +/- 9.2 microg/l, 0.22 +/- 0.12 microg/kg of body weight or 14.2 +/- 9.4 microg/g of urine creatinine. The beta2-m creatinine index of random urine samples was 23.5 +/- 16.6 microg/g (n=26). There was a close correlation between the beta2-m creatinine index of 24 hr urine samples and that of random urine samples (r=0.872).  相似文献   

Oral administration of IL-1 beta enhanced the proliferation of lymphocytes and the O(2)(-) production of neutrophil in newborn calf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hagiwara K  Yamanaka H  Higuchi H  Nagahata H  Kirisawa R  Iwai H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2001,81(1-2):59-69

Recently, we demonstrated the presence of IL-1 beta in the colostral whey from dairy cows. Here, authors examined oral transmission of colostral IL-1 beta and its immunological effects on the neonatal calves. Biotin-labeled recombinant bovine (rb) IL-1 beta was administered orally to newborn calves and monitored in the serum. The results disclosed the passive transfer of colostral cytokines via the oral route, and a potent increase in white blood cell (WBC) count was observed in all calves administered with rbIL-1 beta. Oral administration of IL-1 beta significantly increased the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with concanavalin A, and the O(2)(-) production of stimulates neutrophils in newborn calves. These results suggest that the oral administration of IL-1 beta has an immunostimulatory activity in the newborn calf.  相似文献