Water use and fruit yield of mango (Mangifera indica L.) grown in a subtropical Mediterranean climate     

Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo  Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo  Baltasar Gálvez Ruiz  Saray Gutiérrez Gordillo  Iván Francisco García-Tejero 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2019,19(2):136-150

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. On the coast of Granada and Malaga (SE Spain), irrigated subtropical fruit species have been introduced and cultivated on terraces with a considerable economic importance as the only European production region. The subtropical fruit production in this zone is possible with intensive irrigation on terraces, which are economically more profitable than traditional rainfed crops (almond and olive), which have been replaced or abandoned. A 2-year monitoring period was conducted using drainage lysimeters to determine the crop coefficients (Kc) and fruit yield in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Osteen) orchards. Also, some quality parameters such as titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and vitamin C were evaluated under these conditions. The averaged Kc values of mango trees varied within production cycle of 0.43, 0.67, and 0.63 at flowering, fruit set, and fruit growth, respectively. In this study, the fruit yield under full water requirements (100% ET_C) averaged 24.1 kg tree^?1, amounting to 21.2 kg ha^?1 mm^?1 in terms of water-use efficiency. The quality parameters of the mango fruits harvested in the study area were satisfactory. Thus, this study highlights the need to optimize the irrigation-water use according to actual mango requirements, thereby achieving more sustainable Mediterranean subtropical farming in orchard terraces.  相似文献   

A Potato Collecting Expedition in the Province of Jujuy,Argentina and Disease Indexing of Virus and Fungus Pathogens in Andean Cultivars     

Andrea?M.?ClausenEmail author  Mónica?Colavita  Iván?Butzonitch  Ana Valeria?Carranza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(8):1099-1109

A potato collecting expedition was carried out in the province of Jujuy, Argentina in March 24 to April 15, 2001. The objective was to collect local cultivars of potatoes and wild potato species, covering high mountain valleys not previously collected or areas where germplasm was not available. A total of 247 accessions was collected, 188 cultivated accessions of S. tuberosum subsp. andigenum, four of Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum, two of S. curtilobum and 53 accessions of wild species. The wild species collected were S. acaule subsp. acaule, S. chacoense, S. infundibuliforme, S. megistacrolobum subsp. megistacrolobum, S. microdontum, S. gourlayi, S. × viirsooi and S. oplocense. Herbarium voucher specimens were obtained when possible. For the collection of cultivated potatoes, tubers were gathered from farmer's fields and in a few cases from stores or markets. Seed samples were generally obtained for the wild species. Detailed collection site data were recorded at every site. After breaking dormancy, the accessions of the cultivated species were screened for the presence of Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato virus X (PVX), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus S (PVS), Potato virus M (PVM), Potato virus V (PVV), Andean potato latent virus (APLV), Andean potato mottle virus (APMoV), Potato rough dwarf virus (PRDV), Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea. PSTVd, APLV and PRDV were not detected, but different levels of infection are reported for the other pathogens assayed.  相似文献   

Effect of fruit ripening on content and chemical composition of oil from three oil palm cultivars (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) grown in Colombia     

Prada F  Ayala-Diaz IM  Delgado W  Ruiz-Romero R  Romero HM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10136-10142

A series of physical and chemical changes occur as oil palm fruits ripen in the bunch. We evaluated changes in lipid content in the mesocarp and fruits, and the chemical composition of fatty acids (FA), triacylglycerol (TAG), tocols, and carotenes of the lipids extracted from fruits of three commercial tenera cultivars, namely, Deli×La Me?, Deli×Ekona, and Deli×Avros, planted in two different geographical regions in Colombia, during the ripening process 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 weeks after anthesis (WAA). It was found that 12 WAA the mesocarp contained less than 6% of total lipids. Oil content increased rapidly after 16 WAA, reaching the maximum oil content of 55% in fresh mesocarp and 47% in fresh fruits at 22 WAA, which was found the optimal time for harvesting. Changes in FA and TAG showed that total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and triunsaturated triacylglycerols (TUTAG) decreased, while total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and disaturated triacylglycerols (DSTAG) increased, over the ripening period. Changes in FA were mainly observed in palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, and in POP, POO, POL, and OLL for the TAGs evaluated. Levels of tocols changed depending on whether they were tocopherols or tocotrienols. In the earliest stages tocopherols were predominant but decreased rapidly from 6600 mg kg(-1) of oil at 14 WAA to 93 mg kg(-1) of oil at 22 WAA. Tocotrienols appeared at the same time as oil synthesis started, and became the main source of total tocols, equivalent to 87% in total lipids extracted.  相似文献   

Variation in early growth and survival of Pinus ponderosa provenances established in Southern Chile     

Espinoza  Sergio E.  Quiroz  Iván A.  Magni  Carlos R.  Yáñez  Marco A. 《New Forests》2021,52(6):959-970

New Forests - Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson was introduced in Chile as a promising species for the diversification of the forest productivity and to optimize the soil productivity in areas...  相似文献   

Shade shelters increase survival and photosynthetic performance of oak transplants at abandoned fields in semi-arid climates     

Claudia González-Salvatierra  Ernesto Iván Badano  Joel Flores  Juan Pablo Rodas 《林业研究》2013,24(1):23-28

Forest restorations conducted in semiarid, seasonally dry climates must deal with the intense drought stress that affects tree seedlings during the dry season. Although this water deficit is the most commonly invoked source of mortality for seedlings, several other environmental factors may also preclude survival of transplants. For instance, it has been widely reported that excessive light reduces the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus, hence decreasing plant survival, but most seedling transplants in deforested areas are conducted under these light conditions. This study is focused in determining whether excessive light affects the photosynthetic performance and survival of Quercus coccolobifolia, a Mexican oak species, when their seedlings are transplanted in semiarid deforested areas. Further, this study tests the possibility of using artificial shade shelters to improve the ecophysiological performance and survival of seedlings. Oak seedlings were transplanted under full sunlight conditions and beneath artificial shade shelters of two different colors: white and black. To reduce water stress, and hence isolate the effects of light treatments, a drip irrigation system was implemented at each experimental plot. Seedling survival was monitored weekly for 128 days and photosynthetic performance was assessed by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence at three opportunities during the experiment. Sun-exposed seedlings showed lower photosynthetic performance and survival rates than those beneath shelters of both colors. These results suggest that sunlight damage can reduce seedling survival when they are transplanted in exposed sites, and that shade shelters can improve the success of forest restoration programs in semiarid climates.  相似文献   

Wheat genetic resources enhancement by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rodomiro Ortiz  Hans-Joachim Braun  José Crossa  Jonathan H. Crouch  Guy Davenport  John Dixon  Susanne Dreisigacker  Etienne Duveiller  Zhonghu He  Julio Huerta  Arun K. Joshi  Masahiro Kishii  Petr Kosina  Yann Manes  Monica Mezzalama  Alexei Morgounov  Jiro Murakami  Julie Nicol  Guillermo Ortiz Ferrara  J. Iván Ortiz-Monasterio  Thomas S. Payne  R. Javier Peña  Matthew P. Reynolds  Kenneth D. Sayre  Ram C. Sharma  Ravi P. Singh  Jiankang Wang  Marilyn Warburton  Huixia Wu  Masa Iwanaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):1095-1140

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) acts as a catalyst and leader in a global maize and wheat innovation network that serves the poor in the developing world. Drawing on strong science and effective partnerships, CIMMYT researchers create, share, and use knowledge and technology to increase food security, improve the productivity and profitability of farming systems and sustain natural resources. This people-centered mission does not ignore the fact that CIMMYT’s unique niche is as a genetic resources enhancement center for the developing world, as shown by this review article focusing on wheat. CIMMYT’s value proposition resides therefore in its use of crop genetic diversity: conserving it, studying it, adding value to it, and sharing it in enhanced form with clients worldwide. The main undertakings include: long-term safe conservation of world heritage of both crop resources for future generations, in line with formal agreements under the 2004 International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, understanding the rich genetic diversity of two of the most important staples worldwide, exploiting the untapped value of crop genetic resources through discovery of specific, strategically-important traits required for current and future generations of target beneficiaries, and development of strategic germplasm through innovative genetic enhancement. Finally, the Center needs to ensure that its main products reach end-users and improve their livelihoods. In this regard, CIMMYT is the main international, public source of wheat seed-embedded technology to reduce vulnerability and alleviate poverty, helping farmers move from subsistence to income-generating production systems. Beyond a focus on higher grain yields and value-added germplasm, CIMMYT plays an “integrative” role in crop and natural resource management research, promoting the efficient use of water and other inputs, lower production costs, better management of biotic stresses, and enhanced system diversity and resilience.  相似文献   

Emergence and Partial Characterization of Rice Stripe Necrosis Virus and its Fungus Vector in South America     

Francisco J. Morales  Elaine Ward  Mauricio Castaño  José A. Arroyave  Iván Lozano  Michael J. Adams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(7):643-650

A new disease of rice, known as entorchamiento (crinkling), was first noticed in the Department of Meta, Colombia, in 1991. Symptoms include seedling death, foliar striping and severe plant malformation. Tissue extracts and purified preparations from diseased rice plants, contained virus-like particles ca. 20nm in diameter, with a bimodal length of 260 and 360nm. Particle aggregates were also observed in the cytoplasm of infected rice leaf cells. Electrophoretic analyses of purified preparations and dsRNA extracts, revealed a single protein species of M 22,500, and four dsRNA bands ca. 6300, 4600, 2700 and 1800bp in size. Cystosori, characteristic of plasmodiophorid fungal vectors of plant viruses, were consistently observed in the roots of diseased rice plants. PCR and sequence analyses of amplified fungal DNA products from infected rice roots, revealed that the putative fungus vector was Polymyxa graminis. A Western blot of tissue extracts obtained from crinkled rice plants from Colombia, using antiserum against a West African isolate of rice stripe necrosis furovirus (RSNV), resulted in the detection of a protein band of approximately M 22,000. The RSNV antiserum recognized the Colombian virus isolate in serologically specific electron microscopy tests. These results confirm the presence of RSNV in the Americas.  相似文献   

Delayed vaccine virus replication in chickens vaccinated subcutaneously with an immune complex infectious bursal disease vaccine: Quantification of vaccine virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction          下载免费PDF全文

Judit Iván  Maja Velhner  Krisztina Ursu  Péter Germán  Tamás Mató  Csaba Nick Drén    János Mészáros 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(2):135-142

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Systemic whitefly-induced metabolic responses in newly developed distal leaves of husk tomato plants (Physalis philadelphica) impairs whiteflies development     

Iván David Meza-Canales  Verónica Trujillo-Pahua  Ofelia Vargas-Ponce  Ricardo Ramírez-Romero  Josaphat Miguel Montero-Vargas  José J. Ordaz-Ortiz  Robert Winkler  John Paul Délano-Frier  Carla Vanessa Sánchez-Hernández 《Pest management science》2023,79(1):368-380

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Morphological study of boar sperm during their passage through the female genital tract     

Francisco Alberto GARCíA-VáZQUEZ  Iván HERNáNDEZ-CARAVACA  Carmen MATáS  Cristina SORIANO-úBEDA  Silvia ABRIL-SáNCHEZ  María José IZQUIERDO-RICO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):407-413

Once deposited in the female tract, sperm face a series of challenges that must be overcome to ensure the presence of an adequate normal sperm population close to the site of fertilization. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of the uterine milieu on boar sperm morphology. In experiment 1, sperm morphology was evaluated in the backflow (60 min after insemination) and within the uterotubal junction (UTJ) (collected ~24 h after insemination) following intrauterine sperm deposition (n = 6) and compared with the morphology of the sperm in the insemination dose. In experiment 2, the influence of the uterine fluid (UF) on sperm morphological modifications was evaluated. For this purpose, ejaculated (n = 4) and epididymal (n = 4) sperm were in vitro incubated with or without UF for 2 and 24 h. In both experiments, sperm were classified as normal, having a cytoplasmic droplet (proximal or distal) or having tail defects. The results of experiment 1 pointed to an increase in morphologically abnormal sperm collected in the backflow (27.70%) and a reduction of the same in the UTJ (2.12%) compared with the insemination dose (17.75%) (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, incubation of ejaculated sperm with UF did not provoke any morphological modifications; however, when epididymal sperm were incubated with UF, a pronounced increase in the percentage of normal sperm was evident after 24 h compared with the initial dose (from 25.77% to 53.58%, P < 0.05), mainly due to distal cytoplasmatic droplet shedding (53.22 vs. 20.20%). In conclusion, almost all the sperm that colonize the UTJ had a normal morphology, with part of the abnormal sperm having been discarded in the backflow and part selected/modified on their way to the oviduct. UF seems to influence cytoplasmic distal droplet removal, as demonstrated previously in seminal plasma.  相似文献