Protective role of <Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>-methylmethionine-salicylate in maize plants infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Maize dwarf mosaic virus</Emphasis>     

Edit Ludmerszki  Sengnirane Chounramany  Csilla Oláh  György Kátay  Ilona Rácz  Asztéria Almási  Ádám Solti  Iván Bélai  Szabolcs Rudnóy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(1):145-156

This study aimed to detect the harmful effects of Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) infection, and to demonstrate the potential benefits of S-methylmethionine-salicylate (MMS) pretreatment in infected maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The results of chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements showed that in MDMV-infected plants additional quenchers of fluorescence appear, probably as the result of associations between the virus coat protein and thylakoid membranes. It is important to note that when infected plants were pretreated with MMS, such associations were not formed. MDMV infection and MMS pretreatment resulted in a decrease in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in maize leaves, while infection contributed to an increase in activity in the roots. Infection raised the guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activity level, which was reduced by MMS pretreatment. MMS contributed to a decrease in both the RNA and coat protein content of MDMV, to an equal extent in maize leaves and roots. The results showed that MMS pretreatment enhanced the stress response reactions against MDMV infection in maize plants and retarded the spreading of infection.  相似文献   

Effect of soil cadmium concentration on three Chilean durum wheat cultivars in four environments     

Juan Hirzel  Jorge Retamal-Salgado  Ingrid Walter  Iván Matus 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(2):162-172

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) is a species that accumulates cadmium (Cd). Durum wheat cultivars differ in their absorption ability of Cd; therefore, identifying and selecting genetic material with low Cd accumulation reduces human exposure to this toxic element. In the present study, Cd concentration was evaluated in three Chilean durum wheat cultivars (Llareta-INIA, Corcolén-INIA, and Lleuque-INIA) grown in four Chilean locations with varying concentrations of Cd in soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of these durum wheat cultivars to different doses of cadmium in terms of grain yield; Cd concentration in different plant tissues (grain, straw, roots); soil Cd concentration was also evaluated. Results show that grain yield was not affected by soil Cd; differences in Cd concentration in plant tissues were generally associated with location, cultivar, and soil Cd concentration. Grain Cd concentration in all three cultivars was classified in the low accumulation category for this metal; ‘Lleuque-INIA’ noted as having a very low accumulation.  相似文献   

Treatment of Indigo-Dyed Textile Wastewater Using Solar Photo-Fenton with Iron-Modified Clay and Copper-Modified Carbon     

Almazán-Sánchez  Perla Tatiana  Marin-Noriega  Paul William  González-Mora  Eduardo  Linares-Hernández  Ivonne  Solache-Ríos  Marcos J.  Martínez-Cienfuegos  Iván G.  Martínez-Miranda  Verónica 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(8):1-26

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Biochar presents great promise as a technology that makes a substantial contribution in various fields of environmental research. However, existing knowledge is...  相似文献   

Functional contribution of two perennial grasses to enhance pasture production and drought resistance under a leaf regrowth stage defoliation criterion     

Javier García-Favre  Ignacio F. López  Lydia M. Cranston  Daniel J. Donaghy  Peter D. Kemp  Iván P. Ordóñez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(1):144-160

Lolium perenne L. (Lp) is the main pasture species in New Zealand, but climate change increases the likelihood of drought during summer and consequently lowers its growth rates. Bromus valdivianus Phil. (Bv) tolerates better the summer soil water restriction, but its competitiveness in a diverse pasture relates to the defoliation management and soil moisture levels. The performance of both species in terms of production, persistence and feed quality across seasons under different defoliation regimens was evaluated when the species were mixed and in monoculture. The treatments were applied in a randomised complete block design with three blocks. Bromus valdivianus and Lp monocultures and the 50/50 mixture (Mx) were grazed at low and high defoliation frequencies (i.e. based on Bv and Lp optimal leaf regrowth stage [LS], respectively). Herbage mass production was 15% higher in the Mx, mainly due to an increase in production in spring and summer. In spring, there was complementarity growth between the species, while during summer/early autumn, the Mx production relayed in the higher participation of Bv. Root biomass at depth (31–70 cm) was 38% greater for Bv monoculture and the Mx compared with Lp monoculture, which demonstrated the contribution of Bv to a better production of the mixture during and following the dry periods. In addition, the maintenance of the Bv tiller population and the higher growth rate during dry periods demonstrated its better fitness to low soil water availabilities than Lp. Although herbage mass was not modified by the defoliation frequency, forage quality of Bv showed values at low defoliation frequency that could compromise animal production during spring. However, there was an increase in root biomass under low defoliation frequencies, which suggested that a flexible grazing management across seasons would increase the niche utilisation between species in the mixture. The defoliation frequency of the mixture could be based on Lp LS during spring and winter, and slowed down, following Bv criteria, during summer and autumn.  相似文献