Listeria monocytogenes septicemia in an immunocompromised dog          下载免费PDF全文

Jessica C. Pritchard  Megan E. Jacob  Todd J. Ward  Cameron T. Parsons  Sophia Kathariou  Michael W. Wood 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(2):254-259

An 11‐year‐old, male castrated, Boston Terrier was presented to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Small Animal Emergency Service with a 2‐day history of progressive ataxia, left‐sided head tilt, and anorexia. The dog had previously been diagnosed with chronic lymphoid leukemia and suspected immune‐mediated destruction of his bone marrow precursor cells, possibly due to therapy with immunosuppressive dosages of prednisone and azathioprine. During the physical examination, abnormal findings included an increased body temperature and horizontal nystagmus. Diagnostic investigations included a computed tomography (CT) scan, which confirmed bilateral otitis media, and a blood culture, which was positive for Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b (epidemic clone 1). Upon treatment with ampicillin/sulbactam, enrofloxacin, and minocycline, the dog became normothermic and the neurologic signs improved. L monocytogenes serotype 4b (epidemic clone 1) has been associated with outbreaks of human listeriosis originating from food contamination. Although rare case reports of Listeria spp. infection in dogs exist, an actual infection with the epidemic clone 1 strain has never before been reported in a dog. It should be included in the differential diagnoses in immunocompromised dogs with clinical signs of septicemia.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ceftiofur in plasma,interstitial fluid,and gastrointestinal tract of calves after subcutaneous injection,and bactericidal impacts on representative enteric bacteria          下载免费PDF全文

D. M. Foster  M. E. Jacob  C. D. Warren  M. G. Papich 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(1):62-71

This study's objectives were to determine intestinal antimicrobial concentrations in calves administered enrofloxacin or ceftiofur sodium subcutaneously, and their impact on representative enteric bacteria. Ultrafiltration devices were implanted in the ileum and colon of 12 steers, which received either enrofloxacin or ceftiofur sodium. Samples were collected over 48 h after drug administration for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. Enterococcus faecalis or Salmonella enterica (5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL of each) were exposed in vitro to peak and tail (48 h postadministration) concentrations of both drugs at each location for 24 h to determine inhibition of growth and change in MIC. Enrofloxacin had tissue penetration factors of 1.6 and 2.5 in the ileum and colon, while ciprofloxacin, an active metabolite of enrofloxacin, was less able to cross into the intestine (tissue penetration factors of 0.7 and 1.7). Ceftiofur was rapidly eliminated leading to tissue penetration factors of 0.39 and 0.25. All concentrations of enrofloxacin were bactericidal for S. enterica and significantly reduced E. faecalis. Peak ceftiofur concentration was bactericidal for S. enterica, and tail concentrations significantly reduced growth. E. faecalis experienced growth at all ceftiofur concentrations. The MICs for both organisms exposed to peak and tail concentrations of antimicrobials were unchanged at the end of the study. Enrofloxacin and ceftiofur achieved intestinal concentrations capable of reducing intestinal bacteria, yet the short exposure of ceftiofur in the intestine may select for resistant organisms.  相似文献   

Diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) in dogs: antiseptic efficacy,local tolerability and in vitro effect on skin barrier function and inflammation          下载免费PDF全文

Frane Banovic  Thierry Olivry  Wolfgang Bäumer  Judy Paps  Jessica Stahl  Ana Rogers  Megan Jacob 《Veterinary dermatology》2018,29(1):6-e5

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Influence of supraphysiological cortisol manipulation on predator avoidance behaviors and physiological responses to a predation threat in a wild marine teleost fish          下载免费PDF全文

Michael J. LAWRENCE  Erika J. ELIASON  Jacob W. BROWNSCOMBE  Kathleen M. GILMOUR  John W. MANDELMAN  Lee F.G. GUTOWSKY  Steven J. COOKE 《Integrative zoology》2018,13(2):206-218

The stress axis in teleost fish attempts to maintain internal homeostasis in the face of allostatic loading. However, stress axis induction has been associated with a higher predation rate in fish. To date, the physiological and behavioral factors associated with this outcome are poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of experimental cortisol elevation on anti‐predator behavior and physiological responses to predator presence. We hypothesized that semi‐chronic cortisol elevation would increase susceptibility to predation by increasing stress‐induced risk‐taking behaviors. To test this hypothesis, schoolmaster snapper were given cocoa butter implants without cortisol (sham) or with cortisol (50 mg/kg body weight) and tethered to cover. Fish were exposed to either a lemon shark or control conditions for 15‐min. Space use and activity were recorded throughout and fish were terminally sampled for blood. Cortisol implantation, relative to shams, resulted in higher blood glucose and plasma cortisol concentrations with a lower plasma lactate concentration. Shark exposure, relative to controls, elicited higher blood glucose and lactate concentrations but had no effect on plasma cortisol concentration. No interactions were detected between shark exposure and cortisol treatment for any physiological trait. Behavioral metrics, including shelter use and activity, were unaffected by either cortisol implantation or shark exposure. Physiological responses to cortisol implantation likely resulted from enhanced gluconeogenic activity, whereas alterations under predator exposure may have been the product of catecholamine mobilization. Further work should address context‐specific influences of stress in mediating behavioral responses to predation.  相似文献   

Potential direct and indirect effects of climate change on a shallow natural lake fish assemblage          下载免费PDF全文

Jason J. Breeggemann  Mark A. Kaemingk  Timothy J. DeBates  Craig P. Paukert  Jacob R. Krause  Alexander P. Letvin  Tanner M. Stevens  David W. Willis  Steven R. Chipps 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2016,25(3):487-499

Much uncertainty exists around how fish communities in shallow lakes will respond to climate change. In this study, we modelled the effects of increased water temperatures on consumption and growth rates of two piscivores (northern pike [Esox lucius] and largemouth bass [Micropterus salmoides]) and examined relative effects of consumption by these predators on two prey species (bluegill [Lepomis macrochirus] and yellow perch [Perca flavescens]). Bioenergetics models were used to simulate the effects of climate change on growth and food consumption using predicted 2040 and 2060 temperatures in a shallow Nebraska Sandhill lake, USA. The patterns and magnitude of daily and cumulative consumption during the growing season (April–October) were generally similar between the two predators. However, growth of northern pike was always reduced (?3 to ?45% change) compared to largemouth bass that experienced subtle changes (4 to ?6% change) in weight by the end of the growing season. Assuming similar population size structure and numbers of predators in 2040–2060, future consumption of bluegill and yellow perch by northern pike and largemouth bass will likely increase (range: 3–24%), necessitating greater prey biomass to meet future energy demands. The timing of increased predator consumption will likely shift towards spring and fall (compared to summer), when prey species may not be available in the quantities required. Our findings suggest that increased water temperatures may affect species at the edge of their native range (i.e. northern pike) and a potential mismatch between predator and prey could exist.  相似文献   

Variability in movement dynamics of topminnow (Fundulus notatus and F. olivaceus) populations     

Patsy Alldredge  Melissa Gutierrez  David Duvernell  Jacob Schaefer  Paul Brunkow  Wilfredo Matamoros 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(4):513-521

Abstract – Movement and dispersal patterns are key biological processes across a range of organisational levels. The Fundulus notatus species complex includes several species with similar ecological niches that exhibit broadly overlapping ranges. We conducted a mark–recapture study on two of the most widely distributed members of this species complex to improve our understanding of their movement and habitat use. A population of F. notatus was studied between June and August of 2008 and 2009 in Cahokia Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi River in Illinois, along with a parallel study of Fundulus olivaceus between May and July of 2009 in Big Creek, a tributary of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Fish were recaptured approximately weekly, and habitat variables were measured. Estimated daily movement rates varied significantly both between locations and between years. Fundulus olivaceus in Big Creek moved <1 m per day, while F. notatus in Cahokia Creek in 2009 moved nearly 23 m per day. The distribution of movements was strongly leptokurtic in all three data sets. Differences in movement rates were attributed to significant differences in population size and habitat characteristics. Our data did not support the hypothesis that populations consist of distinct mobile and resident components. Instead, individual fish went through periods of little or no movement followed by extensive movement (consistent with the home range shift model of fish movement). We discuss the implications these results have for contact zone dynamics between these two species.  相似文献   

Anti-oxidant activity of Centella asiatica on lymphoma-bearing mice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jayashree G  Kurup Muraleedhara G  Sudarslal S  Jacob VB 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(5):431-434

Oral treatment with 50 mg X kg(-1) day(-1) of crude methanol extract of Centella asiatica for 14 days significantly increased the anti-oxidant enzymes, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and anti-oxidants like glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid decreased in lymphoma-bearing mice.  相似文献   

Timber tree regeneration along abandoned logging roads in a tropical Bolivian forest     

Jacob Nabe-Nielsen  Willy Severiche  Todd Fredericksen  Louise Imer Nabe-Nielsen 《New Forests》2007,34(1):31-40

Sustainable management of selectively logged tropical forests requires that felled trees are replaced through increased recruitment and growth. This study compares road track and roadside regeneration with regeneration in unlogged and selectively logged humid tropical forest in north-eastern Bolivia. Some species benefited from increased light intensities on abandoned logging roads. Others benefited from low densities of competing vegetation on roads with compacted soils. This was the case for the small-seeded species Ficus boliviana C.C. Berg and Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud. Some species, e.g. Hura crepitans L., displayed patchy regeneration coinciding with the presence of adult trees. Our results suggest that current management practices could be improved by intensifying logging in some areas to improve regeneration of light demanding species. Sufficient seed input in logged areas should be ensured by interspersing large patches of unlogged forest with logged areas. This may also assist regeneration of species that perform poorly in disturbed areas.  相似文献   

Land Use and Cover Dynamics Since 1964 in the Afro‐Alpine Vegetation Belt: Lib Amba Mountain in North Ethiopia     

Miro Jacob  Liên Romeyns  Amaury Frankl  Tesfaalem Asfaha  Hans Beeckman  Jan Nyssen 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):641-653

Human‐induced land use and land cover (LUC) changes threaten the ecosystem services of the vulnerable tropical afro‐alpine vegetation. Several LUC change studies are available for the Ethiopian highlands, but relatively little is known about LUC change in the afro‐alpine zones. In this study, LUC changes between 1964 and 2012 were mapped for the afro‐alpine zone of Lib Amba Mountain, part of the Abune Yosef Mountains in North Ethiopia. Historical LUC was derived from georeferenced aerial photographs of 1964 and 1982, and the present LUC (2012) from Bing Map satellite imagery. Based on these successive LUC maps a time‐depth map, LUC proportions, LUC transition matrices and LUC change trajectories were calculated. Two main phases of LUC change could be distinguished linked to the neo‐Boserupian perspective. (i) Between 1964 and 1982, there were large‐scale deforestation and general degradation of the vegetation above 3500 m, in a period of low population pressure; (ii) Between 1982 and 2012, an intensification of land use prevailed accompanied with a slight regeneration of the vegetation and the Erica arborea L. forest, under increased population pressure. Depth interviews indicated that local and governmental land management measures are very important for the protection against vegetation depletion and soil degradation. Quick recovery of the forest on Lib Amba provides confidence that degraded afro‐alpine areas would benefit in a short time from complete protection, given the vicinity of remaining patches of afro‐alpine vegetation. Management interventions are thus vital to restore the important ecosystem services of the afro‐alpine vegetation belt. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Dietary patterns and survival of older Europeans: the EPIC-Elderly Study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)     

Bamia C  Trichopoulos D  Ferrari P  Overvad K  Bjerregaard L  Tjønneland A  Halkjaer J  Clavel-Chapelon F  Kesse E  Boutron-Ruault MC  Boffetta P  Nagel G  Linseisen J  Boeing H  Hoffmann K  Kasapa C  Orfanou A  Travezea C  Slimani N  Norat T  Palli D  Pala V  Panico S  Tumino R  Sacerdote C  Bueno-de-Mesquita HB  Waijers PM  Peeters PH  van der Schouw YT  Berenguer A  Martinez-Garcia C  Navarro C  Barricarte A  Dorronsoro M  Berglund G  Wirfält E  Johansson I  Johansson G  Bingham S  Khaw KT  Spencer EA  Key T  Riboli E  Trichopoulou A 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(6):590-598

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