Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs     

Rachel Pilla  Frederic P. Gaschen  James W. Barr  Erin Olson  Julia Honneffer  Blake C. Guard  Amanda B. Blake  Dean Villanueva  Mohammad R. Khattab  Mustafa K. AlShawaqfeh  Jonathan A. Lidbury  Jörg M. Steiner  Jan S. Suchodolski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1853-1866

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Anaplastic nephroblastoma with peritoneal metastasis in an adult female Sprague Dawley rat     

Lisa Quinn  James G Fox  Joanna Joy  Sureshkumar Muthupalani  Sebastian E Carrasco 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2020,33(4):297

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Behaviour and reproductive performance of Nigerian native chickens subjected to different mating ratios for a short term     

Oluwaseun Serah Iyasere  David Oluwatowo Adeuyi  Rasheed Adebayo Alade  Samuel Olutunde Durosaro  Mathew Wheto  Olajide James Ogunbanjo  Lucky Ebhodage Oyakhilome  Samuel Emmanuel  James Olamitibo Daramola 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):567-573

To date, there is no reported standard mating ratio for Nigerian native chickens despite their large population in the country. This study investigated the effect of mating ratio on behaviour, semen quality and level of stress. Sixty-three (9 cocks and 54 hens) sexually matured birds were randomly assigned to three mating ratios (MR) of 1 cock to 3 hens (1C:3H), 1 cock to 6 hens (1C:6H) and 1 cock to 9 hens (1C:9H), and each MR was replicated three times. Each cock spent 2 weeks in a particular MR before it was moved to another. By the 6th week, all cocks had experienced the three mating ratios. Behaviour of the hens and sexual behaviour of the cocks were observed in the morning and evening, respectively, for 6 weeks. At the end of 2nd week in each MR, semen samples were collected and evaluated for motility, morphology, liveability and concentration, and blood samples were also taken from the cocks to determine the heterophil/lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, an indicator of stress. There was also no significant effect of mating ratio on the fertility of eggs and hatchability of the chicks. The number of hen–hen aggression instances, frequency of visits to the nest box and duration of nesting was not influenced by the mating ratio. However, the duration of nest seeking was higher at 1C:3H and lower at 1C:9H. A mating ratio of 1C:9H is therefore recommended for farmers interested in raising Nigerian native chickens.  相似文献   

The intravenous pharmacokinetics of butorphanol and detomidine dosed in combination compared with individual dose administrations to exercised horses     

Stuart W. Paine  Jane Bright  James P. Scarth  Pamela R. Hincks  Clive M. Pearce  Colette Hannan  Marc Machnik  Lynn Hillyer 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):162-170

In equine and racing practice, detomidine and butorphanol are commonly used in combination for their sedative properties. The aim of the study was to produce detection times to better inform European veterinary surgeons, so that both drugs can be used appropriately under regulatory rules. Three independent groups of 7, 8 and 6 horses, respectively, were given either a single intravenous administration of butorphanol (100 µg/kg), a single intravenous administration of detomidine (10 µg/kg) or a combination of both at 25 (butorphanol) and 10 (detomidine) µg/kg. Plasma and urine concentrations of butorphanol, detomidine and 3-hydroxydetomidine at predetermined time points were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The intravenous pharmacokinetics of butorphanol dosed individually compared with co-administration with detomidine had approximately a twofold larger clearance (646 ± 137 vs. 380 ± 86 ml hr⁻¹ kg⁻¹) but similar terminal half-life (5.21 ± 1.56 vs. 5.43 ± 0.44 hr). Pseudo-steady-state urine to plasma butorphanol concentration ratios were 730 and 560, respectively. The intravenous pharmacokinetics of detomidine dosed as a single administration compared with co-administration with butorphanol had similar clearance (3,278 ± 1,412 vs. 2,519 ± 630 ml hr⁻¹ kg⁻¹) but a slightly shorter terminal half-life (0.57 ± 0.06 vs. 0.70 ± 0.11 hr). Pseudo-steady-state urine to plasma detomidine concentration ratios are 4 and 8, respectively. The 3-hydroxy metabolite of detomidine was detected for at least 35 hr in urine from both the single and co-administrations. Detection times of 72 and 48 hr are recommended for the control of butorphanol and detomidine, respectively, in horseracing and equestrian competitions.  相似文献   

Influence of speaker's gender on speaker introductions at the 2018 ACVS Surgical Summit     

Sarah E Boston DVM  DVSc  DACVS  ACVS Founding Fellow of Surgical Oncology  ACVS Founding Fellow of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery  Galina Hayes BVSc  PhD  DACVS  DACVECC  Sara A Colopy DVM  PhD  DACVS  Katie C Kennedy DVM  MS  DACVS-SA  ACVS Fellow of Surgical Oncology  Owen T Skinner BVSc  DECVS  DACVS-SA  ACVS Fellow of Surgical Oncology  Matthew T Boylan BSc  MVB  Julia P Sumner BVSc  MANZCVS  DACVS-SA  Jolle Kirpensteijn DVM  PhD  DACVS  DECVS  ACVS Founding Fellow of Surgical Oncology  ACVS Founding Fellow of Minimally Invasive Surgery  Frances M James MA  VetMB  DACVS-LA  DECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(5):879-883

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A New Micromonospora Strain with Antibiotic Activity Isolated from the Microbiome of a Mid-Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponge     

Catherine R. Back  Henry L. Stennett  Sam E. Williams  Luoyi Wang  Jorge Ojeda Gomez  Omar M. Abdulle  Thomas Duffy  Christopher Neal  Judith Mantell  Mark A. Jepson  Katharine R. Hendry  David Powell  James E. M. Stach  Angela E. Essex-Lopresti  Christine L. Willis  Paul Curnow  Paul R. Race 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)

To tackle the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, it is essential to identify new bioactive compounds that are effective against resistant microbes and safe to use. Natural products and their derivatives are, and will continue to be, an important source of these molecules. Sea sponges harbour a diverse microbiome that co-exists with the sponge, and these bacterial communities produce a rich array of bioactive metabolites for protection and resource competition. For these reasons, the sponge microbiota constitutes a potential source of clinically relevant natural products. To date, efforts in bioprospecting for these compounds have focused predominantly on sponge specimens isolated from shallow water, with much still to be learned about samples from the deep sea. Here we report the isolation of a new Micromonospora strain, designated 28ISP2-46^T, recovered from the microbiome of a mid-Atlantic deep-sea sponge. Whole-genome sequencing reveals the capacity of this bacterium to produce a diverse array of natural products, including kosinostatin and isoquinocycline B, which exhibit both antibiotic and antitumour properties. Both compounds were isolated from 28ISP2-46^T fermentation broths and were found to be effective against a plethora of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. This study suggests that the marine production of isoquinocyclines may be more widespread than previously supposed and demonstrates the value of targeting the deep-sea sponge microbiome as a source of novel microbial life with exploitable biosynthetic potential.  相似文献   

Effect of N‐form on growth and nutrient content of creeping bentgrass 1     

James N. McCrimmon  Harry A. Mills  Keith J. Karnok 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1235-1252

Abstract

The primary nitrogen forms utilized by plants are ammonium and nitrate. Although the importance of nutrients other than nitrogen for proper turfgrass growth is well established, the amounts of these nutrients in the plant tissue in relation to the use of different N‐forms has not been clearly documented. This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of N‐form and cutting regime on growth, macronutrient, and micronutrient content of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. ‘Penncross'). Treatments consisted of 100% NO3^? (calcium nitrate), 100% NH₄ ⁺ (ammonium sulfate), and a 50:50 ratio of NH₄ ⁺:NO₃ ^?. Half the turfgrass plants were maintained at a height of 1 cm (cut), while the other half of the plants were not cut until the end of the study (uncut). The uncut 50:50 treatment yielded the highest shoot, verdure, and total plant dry matter, while the uncut NO₃ ^? treatment produced the highest root dry matter. The uncut NH₄ ⁺ treatment yielded the least shoot, root, and total plant dry matter. Plants of the uncut NO₃ ^? treatment had greater accumulation of macronutrients in the shoot and root tissue compared to plants of the NH₄ ⁺ treatment. The uncut NO₃ ^? and 50:50 treatments had higher total accumulation of micronutrients compared to the uncut NH₄ ⁺‐treated plants. The cut NO₃ ^? treatment resulted in the highest macronutrient and micronutrient contents in the root tissue in comparison to other cut treatments. The cut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the verdure tissue, while the uncut treatments had the highest percentage accumulation of nutrients in the shoot tissue.  相似文献   

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation are not affected by superopt1mal concentration of ammonium in flowing solution culture with pH control     

James W. Rideout  C. David Raper Jr. 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):219-228

Abstract

While it is known that superoptimal concentrations of the nitrate (NO₃ ^?) ion in solution culture do not increase NO₃ ^? uptake or dry matter accumulation, the same is not known for the ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) ion. An experiment was conducted utilizing flowing solution culture with pH control to investigate the influence of superoptimal NH₄ ⁺ concentrations on dry matter, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) accumulation by nonnodulated soybean plants. Increasing the NH₄ ⁺ concentration in solution from 1 to 10 mM did not affect dry matter or N accumulation. Accumulations of K, Ca, and Mg were slightly decreased with the increased NH₄ ⁺ concentration. The NH₄ ⁺ uptake system, which is saturated at less than 1 mM NH₄ ⁺, is able to regulate uptake of NH₄ ⁺ at concentrations as high as 10 mM.  相似文献   

Effects of initial plant spacing and applied nutrients on stand development and productivity of Texas bluegrass in the Louisiana coastal plain     

W. D. Pitman  James C. Read 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1093-1102

The native rhizomatous cool‐season perennial grass, Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torn), has recently been recognized again as a plant with considerable potential for range and pasture plantings. Throughout the first half of this century, sporadic efforts at evaluation and commercial use of Texas bluegrass were thwarted primarily by slow stand establishment and difficulties with seed processing. Subsequent advances in seed harvesting, processing, and planting equipment and selection of superior plant genotypes could reduce effects of these limitations. In much of the southern mid‐ and tall‐grass prairie regions and lower southeastern states where Texas bluegrass appears to have potential, there is no currently available sustainable cool‐season forage grass. Effects of initial plant spacing and lime, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) application were evaluated in a field and a green house experiment on acid infertile Louisiana Coastal Plain soils. Stands from transplanting on 10‐ and 30‐cm spacings were comparable by the third growing season as the sparsely planted stand spread aggressively. The only consistent response to soil amendment was enhanced forage production from N fertilization in the spring. A plant photoperiodic response appears to limit potential to respond to N in autumn and winter. Forage production of dense stands and responses to spring application of N indicate that Texas bluegrass has considerable potential as a productive, sustainable cool‐season forage grass for at least some soils on the southeastern Coastal Plain as well as that recently reported for the southern mid‐ and tall‐grass prairie regions.  相似文献   

Selenium uptake response among selected wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties and relationship with soil selenium fractions     

Sanghun Lee  Howard J. Woodard  James J. Doolittle 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):823-832

Some South Dakota soils contain high levels of available selenium (Se) for crop uptake. A field study was conducted to determine if any popular wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties demonstrate differential Se uptake. A total of 280 samples including eight winter wheat and ten spring wheat varieties were analyzed for grain Se concentration and uptake for two growing years. Soil samples were sequentially fractionated into (1) plant available (0.1?M KH₂PO₄ extractable) and (2) conditionally available (4?M HCl extractable) pools and analyzed separately for total Se. Selenium concentration in wheat grain had a wide variability and the mean value over two years was 0.63?µg?Se?g^?1. Grain Se concentration and Se uptake were not significantly different by wheat varieties tested in this study. Grain Se concentration was significantly correlated with soil Se levels, soil pH, and orthophosphate-P content within a location, but grain Se concentration was strongly influenced by geographical location in which different amounts of soil Se bioavailability occurred.  相似文献