Prevalence and risk factors of mycobacterial infections in farm and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria     

Victor O. Akinseye  Muideen D. Adebayo  Oghenekaro O. Genesis  Olubukola D. Adelakun  Simeon I. B. Cadmus 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(4):761-772

We evaluated the prevalence of mycobacterial infections (i.e., Mycobacterium bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria [NTM]) and their associated risk factors among cattle herds and trade cattle in southwestern Nigeria. Through cross-sectional study design, cattle herds from three locations were screened using the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test based on two diagnostic standards; more than 4 mm (? 4 mm) and more than 2 mm (? 2 mm) cut-off points. Abattoir study involved screening trade cattle for tuberculous lesions. Overall, 515 cattle from 45 herds were screened. Using >?4 mm, animal level and herd prevalence of 11.7 and 46.7% were recorded, respectively. Applying the ? 2 mm cut-off, animal level and herd prevalence increased to 31.1 and 60.0%, respectively. Significantly, using the ? 2 mm cut-off, cattle in medium size herds/extensive management system (OR?=?1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and Sokoto Gudali (OR?=?2.3; 95% CI 1.4–3.8) were more at risk of being positive reactors, while Rahaji (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7) breeds of cattle and cows in the peri-urban area (OR?=?0.4; 95% CI 0.2–0.9) were less at risk of being positive reactors. Again, M. avium reactor of 21.7% was observed. In the abattoir, 1797 cattle were examined with 126 lesions suggestive of tuberculosis (TB). Culture/molecular analyses confirmed 2.2% M. bovis and 0.9% NTM infections. Risk factors associated with bovine TB among trade cattle were sex (OR?=?4.0; 95% CI 1.2–13.5) and age (OR?=?0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9). We confirm 11.7% prevalence of mycobacterial infections among populations of cattle screened with breed and herd size being major risk factors.  相似文献   

植物与土壤中醇类化合物对高寒草甸退化指示作用初探     

段中华  全小龙  乔有明  史惠兰  裴海昆  郑元铭 《草业科学》2018,35(5):969-977

醇类化合物是一类重要的生物标记物,被广泛用于土壤及沉积物中有机物质的溯源。为探究醇类化合物对高寒草甸退化指示作用规律,采用野外调查与气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法,对高寒草甸植物与土壤中醇类进行测定和分析。结果表明,高寒草甸植物中醇种类数为2~21,碳数为4~37,不饱和醇种类数高于饱和醇。退化土壤中检出9-甲基-10-顺式十五烯-1-醇、2-亚甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇、1-三十七烷醇,而在未退化土壤中未检出。高寒草甸中植物和土壤醇的种类大小关系为退化植物退化土壤未退化植物未退化土壤,植物和土壤中相同的醇有很强的相关性(R2=0.871)。植物和土壤醇类的分布特征及相关性分析表明,醇类化合物可以用作标记物来指示高寒草甸退化。  相似文献   

湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展的探索与实践     

郑文成  邓云波  王晓春  谭运华  李昂 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(3):32-35

湖南省主动适应兽医工作新形势,积极推进兽医社会化服务发展,创新服务体制机制,扎实稳妥开展兽医社会化服务试点。本文总结了湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展取得的成效,包括防疫效果提升、人员待遇提高、职能定位明确,发展空间拓宽等,分析了改革试点中存在的社会化服务组织发展困难、财政投入不足、监管体系能力薄弱等问题,提出了加强统筹协调、注重组织培育、加强财政保障、强化绩效评估等发展建议,为全面推进兽医社会化服务提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

检疫犬基地建设与发展策略探讨     

刘永松  王彭军  汪天杰  韦兵  董志凯  丘金玉  郑育洪  罗高清  黄法余 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(3):59-62

检疫犬应用技术作为一种特殊的检验检疫手段,目前已被30多个国家或地区应用于检验检疫领域。许多国家或地区已建有自己的国家级工作犬训练基地。近年来,由于出入境业务量的迅速增长,我国对检疫犬数量的需求逐年攀升,明确要建成2个国家级检疫犬繁殖训养中心。检疫犬基地作为培养检疫犬的重要场所,其基地面积、位置规划、人力资源、种犬储备、幼犬来源等的科学合理规划,对保证其可持续发展具有重要意义。检疫犬基地的可持续发展,需要准确定位功能需求,搞好种犬繁育,统筹储备人力资源,建设生态环保基地,挖掘和利用社会资源,以及拓展其它功能建设,从而做到行业引领。  相似文献   

2018年安徽省部分地区A型禽流感流行率横断面研究     

刘华  何长生  占松鹤  陈曦  朱良强  陈海林  祁克宗  郑举  沈艳  周迎春  王倩  王维  王军 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(12):21-25

为了解安徽省A型禽流感病毒感染情况,2018年4—5月,在安徽省北部、中部和南部7个市,随机选取各类型场点173个,在每个场点内随机采集35份咽喉/泄殖腔和环境拭子样品,使用荧光RT-PCR进行A型、H5亚型、H7亚型流感病毒核酸检测。结果显示：在4个养殖场、3个活禽批发市场和17个农贸市场检出了A型禽流感病毒,场点阳性率分别为2.9%（4/140）、75.0%（3/4）、80.9%（17/21）,未检出H5和H7亚型流感病毒核酸;A型禽流感群体流行率为11.2%（95%CI：6.5%~15.8%）,个体流行率为1.2%（95%CI：0.9%~1.5%）;活禽交易市场内,禽群感染A型禽流感病毒的风险较高（OR=136,95%CI：32.7~549.4）。结果表明,A型禽流感病毒在养殖和交易环节存在一定的污染,而在活禽交易市场的污染更严重,是今后禽流感防控的重点,需继续加强活禽交易市场的管理和消毒灭源工作。  相似文献   

北京市部分地区城镇居民狂犬病认知情况初步调查     

高晓龙  李月  李慧芳  冯小宇  张弼  张启龙  郑雪莹  邓柏林  梅力 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(11):24-27

为了解北京市部分地区城镇居民对狂犬病的认知情况及其影响因素,随机选取海淀区、怀柔区、延庆区9个居民区的160名当地居民开展问卷调查,得到有效问卷112份;采用单因素分析方法对调查数据进行统计分析。结果显示,83.92%(94/112)的居民对狂犬病知识认知程度一般,15.18%(17/112)的居民部分了解,而仅0.89%(1/112)的居民非常了解。其中,居民对狂犬病易感动物、传播途径和被犬咬伤后正确处理方法等问题回答正确率低于40%。单因素分析发现,文化程度对北京地区城镇居民狂犬病认知水平有较大影响(P0.05),随着文化程度的提高,回答正确率不断提高。另外,当地居民希望通过微信、微博等新媒体(80.36%)、电视(78.57%)、社区宣传(72.32%)等方式获取狂犬病知识。以上结果表明,北京市城镇居民对狂犬病认知程度一般,对狂犬病易感动物、传播途径和被犬咬伤后正确处理等方面认知水平较低。因此,应选择微信、微博等新媒体,结合电视、社区宣传等方式,开展狂犬病流行病学等方面的宣传,以此提升北京市城镇居民的狂犬病认知水平。  相似文献   

2018年山东省诸城市小反刍兽疫免疫效果横断面调查     

李焕明  郑召芹  谢海鹏  党安坤  徐淑华  兰邹然 《中国动物检疫》2018,35(10):25-27

为掌握山东省诸城市小反刍兽疫的免疫效果,2018年6月采用横断面研究方法,对该市规模场和自然村（散养户）饲养羊只进行小反刍兽疫免疫效果评估。采用两阶段随机抽样方法,结合部分便利抽样,采集580份羊血清样品进行ELISA 抗体检测。结果显示：合格样品560份,合格率达96.5%;14个规模场均免疫合格,群体合格率达到100%;在抽检的16个自然村中,15个村免疫合格。结果表明,诸城市小反刍兽疫总体免疫效果良好。  相似文献   

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens     

Min Zhang  Dan Zheng  Zhimei Peng  Yuting Zhu  Rongrong Li  Qiong Wu  Yan Li  Hongyi Li  Weihua Xu  Mao Zhang  Qichun Hung  Yanfa Sun 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(2):131

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.  相似文献   

Symbiotic N<Subscript>2</Subscript> fixation and nitrate utilisation in irrigated lucerne (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa</Emphasis>) systems     

Huimin Yang  Murray Unkovich  Ann McNeill  Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385

Symbiotic N₂ fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N₂ fixation using ¹⁵N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO₃⁻ by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N₂ fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N₂ fixation amounts we calculated average N₂ fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N₂ fixing species examined.  相似文献   

副猪嗜血杆菌单克隆抗体的制备及其B细胞抗原表位的鉴定     

杨玉菊  郑楠  符芳  柴政  姜福成  王香玲  张雪云  王卓  李曦 《中国预防兽医学报》2014,(5):400-403

为筛选具有临床诊断价值的副猪嗜血杆菌(H.parasuis)单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究采用H.parasuis 5型强毒株(HPS-5)免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用常规细胞融合技术制备了一株稳定分泌MAb的杂交瘤细胞株。Western blot结果表明该MAb能够特异性识别所有H.parasuis标准菌株;免疫共沉淀技术与蛋白质谱分析显示该MAb所识别的蛋白为ATP结合盒转运蛋白(ABCT)家族的寡肽透过酶(OppA);利用MAb对噬菌体12肽库进行淘选,8个阳性噬菌体克隆展示有"KTPAE-R"保守序列,对应于H.parasuis SH29755株和SH0165株的469位~475位的氨基酸残基。对OppA氨基酸序列比对结果表明H.parasuis与其它10种猪常见细菌病病原序列一致性为9.1%~74.5%,本研究结果为进一步研究H.parasuis感染的病原学诊断建立了良好的基础。  相似文献