Chromosome locations of leaf rust resistance genes in selected tetraploid wheats through substitution lines     

Shimelis?HusseinEmail author  Johan?J.?Spies  Zakkie?A.?Pretorius  Maryke?T.?Labuschagne 《Euphytica》2005,141(3):209-216

Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines were used to study the chromosome locations of adult-plant leaf rust resistance genes identified from tetraploid wheat accessions. The accessions are 104 (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum var. arras) and 127 (T. turgidum subsp. durum var. aestivum). The complete sets of the substitution lines were crossed as female parents with the accessions and F₁ double monosomic individuals selected at metaphase I. Segregating F₂ individuals were inoculated during the flag leaf stage with pathotype UVPrt2 of Puccinia triticina. The substitution analysis involving accession 104 showed that the gene for leaf rust resistance is located on chromosome 6B. The analysis with accession 127 indicated that chromosome 4A carries a gene for leaf rust resistance. The two novel genes are temporarily designated as Lrac104 and Lrac127, respectively from accessions 104 and 127.  相似文献   

Metabolism of stevioside by chickens     

Geuns JM  Malheiros RD  Moraes VM  Decuypere EM  Compernolle F  Buyse JG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):1095-1101

In intubation experiments (643-1168 mg per animal), most of the stevioside administered to chickens was recovered unchanged in the excreta, and only about 2% was converted into steviol. Neither stevioside nor steviol could be found in the blood. In chronic studies (667 mg of stevioside/kg of feed) with laying hens and meat-type chickens, no significant differences were found in feed uptake, weight gain, and feed conversion as the result of stevioside administration. The egg production and egg composition of laying hens were not influenced. Most of the stevioside taken up was found untransformed in the excreta, and about 21.5% or 7.3% was converted to steviol by meat-type chickens or laying hens, respectively. No stevioside or steviol could be detected in the blood or in the eggs of the different groups of animals. In anaerobic incubation experiments with chicken excreta, only a 20% conversion of stevioside into steviol was found. No harmful effects were observed in the chronic stevioside supplementation experiments nor in the intubation experiments in which very high stevioside doses were given.  相似文献   

Determining the potential to breed for enhanced antioxidant status in Malus: mean inter- and intravarietal fruit vitamin C and glutathione contents at harvest and their evolution during storage     

Davey MW  Keulemans J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):8031-8038

Vitamin C (L-ascorbate, L-ascorbic acid; L-AA) and glutathione (GSH) are major hydrophilic antioxidants in plants with important roles in stress resistance and nutrition. To evaluate the potential for breeding for enhanced levels of these compounds, a comprehensive screen of the fruit from some 31 apple (Malus) cultivars has been carried out to determine the biodiversity present in the mean inter- and intracultivar concentrations of both the oxidized and reduced forms of these compounds, as well as the impact of storage on their concentrations. It is noted that despite limited variation at harvest, cultivars differed substantially in their ability to maintain L-AA levels during storage, primarily due to the loss of L-AA by "low-vitamin C" cultivars. Generally, cultivars that could maintain their L-AA and GSH pools also had better storage properties. Interestingly, there was also a correlation between fruit vitamin C contents and the harvest date, such that cultivars with the highest vitamin C contents were harvested latest in the season and the lowest contents were found among the early varieties. Correlations with other physiological parameters, however, were too weak to serve as useful predictive tools.  相似文献   

Variability in Mapping Acidification Risk Scenarios for Terrestrial Ecosystems in Asian Countries     

Johan C.I. Kuylenstierna  W. Kevin Hicks  Steve Cinderby  Harry W. Vallack  Magnuz Engardt 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1175-1180

Acidification has the potential to become a widespread problem in parts of Asia. Just how widespread this risk may be is discussed by comparing sulphur deposition to critical load estimates, taking into account neutralising base cation deposition from soil dust. Two scenarios for the sulphur emission in 2025 are used as inputs to the MATCH atmospheric transfer model to estimate sulphur deposition scenarios. Net acidic deposition using a low and high base cation deposition input is compared to a map of sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystems to acidic deposition. Two ranges of critical loads assigned to this sensitivity map are used. The variability in the maps showing risks of acidification using low and high estimates for critical loads and base cation deposition for two different development pathways is discussed. Certain areas are shown to be at risk in all cases whereas others are very sensitive to the values used to estimate risk.  相似文献   

Reference values for serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid in a population-based sample of adults between 35 and 80 years of age     

Wahlin A  Bäckman L  Hultdin J  Adolfsson R  Nilsson LG 《Public health nutrition》2002,5(3):505-511

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Development of the Regional Policy Process for Air Pollution in South Asia,Southern Africa and Latin America     

Hicks  W. Kevin  Kuylenstierna  Johan C.I.  Mathur  Vikrom  Mazzucchelli  Sergio  Burijson  Viviana  Shrestha  Surendra  Iyngararasan  Mylvakanam  Simukanga  Stephen  Van Tienhoven  A. Mieke 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):211-216

Projections indicate that large increases in emissions may occur in developing countries during the next twenty to fifty years if current development patterns persist. This paper describes the development of co-operation regarding air pollution issues in three sub-regions of three continents. Experiences gained through activities within a programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries are used to illustrate progress. The sub-regional process in South Asia developed through a series of meetings that led to the Malé Declaration. In southern Africa a policy dialogue led to the Harare Resolution targeted towards progress in the SADC region. A policy dialogue in Buenos Aires concentrated on issues related to regional harmonisation of legal frameworks in the Mercosur region. In all regions the link between scientific information required to support decision making has been emphasised. The sub-regional policy processes are analysed in relation to availability of required scientific information and compared to the process that led to protocol development in Europe.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Tomkins JL  Penrose MA  Greeff J  Lebas NR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1220

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Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Du J  Zhou Y  Su X  Yu JJ  Khan S  Jiang H  Kim J  Woo J  Kim JH  Choi BH  He B  Chen W  Zhang S  Cerione RA  Auwerx J  Hao Q  Lin H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):806-809

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins (sirtuins) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases that regulate important biological processes. Mammals have seven sirtuins, Sirt1 to Sirt7. Four of them (Sirt4 to Sirt7) have no detectable or very weak deacetylase activity. We found that Sirt5 is an efficient protein lysine desuccinylase and demalonylase in vitro. The preference for succinyl and malonyl groups was explained by the presence of an arginine residue (Arg(105)) and tyrosine residue (Tyr(102)) in the acyl pocket of Sirt5. Several mammalian proteins were identified with mass spectrometry to have succinyl or malonyl lysine modifications. Deletion of Sirt5 in mice appeared to increase the level of succinylation on carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1, which is a known target of Sirt5. Thus, protein lysine succinylation may represent a posttranslational modification that can be reversed by Sirt5 in vivo.  相似文献   

Selective charging of tRNA isoacceptors explains patterns of codon usage     

Elf J  Nilsson D  Tenson T  Ehrenberg M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5626):1718-1722

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Modulation of postendocytic sorting of G protein-coupled receptors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Whistler JL  Enquist J  Marley A  Fong J  Gladher F  Tsuruda P  Murray SR  Von Zastrow M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5581):615-620

Recycling of the mu opioid receptor to the plasma membrane after endocytosis promotes rapid resensitization of signal transduction, whereas targeting of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) to lysosomes causes proteolytic down-regulation. We identified a protein that binds preferentially to the cytoplasmic tail of the DOR as a candidate heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein (GASP). Disruption of the DOR-GASP interaction through receptor mutation or overexpression of a dominant negative fragment of GASP inhibited receptor trafficking to lysosomes and promoted recycling. The GASP family of proteins may modulate lysosomal sorting and functional down-regulation of a variety of G protein-coupled receptors.  相似文献