Highly characteristic and individual specific telomere length patterns in cattle     

Mayr B  Korb H  Oppeneiger T  Demetz F  Egger J 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(3):677-680

A combined primed in situ labelling (PRINS)/4',6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)/propidium iodide (PI)-fluorescence-banding method was used to characterise telomeres, identify their specific chromosomes and visualise neighbouring heterochromatin in 25 artificial insemination (AI) bulls. A highly heterogeneous telomere length pattern was found in cattle. Each bull possessed his own characteristic, specific telomere length pattern.  相似文献   

Congenital malformation of the front limbs in a llama (Lama glama): polydactyly in combination with arthrogryposis     

Altenbrunner-Martinek B  Klein D  Kofler J  Baumgartner W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(11-12):508-512

A male, 10 month old llama with malformation of both front limbs was presented. Both front limbs had one more digit located medially. The distal phalanx of this additional digit at the left front limb reached the ground by the tip of the keratinzed pad and the toenail. The accessory digit at the right front limb was bent in a 90 degree angle caudolateraly. Beside the digital bones of the accessory digits the second metacarpal bone and the first carpal bone could be detected in both front limbs by radiological examination. Secondary a bilateral slight carpal valgus deformity could be seen.  相似文献   

Resection of the distal/proximal interphalangeal joint and digit amputation in 21 breeding bulls--indications, clinical findings and longterm outcome     

Kofler J  Feist M  Starke A  Nuss K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(3-4):156-164

Case records of 21 breeding bulls suffering from advanced septic claw disorders and treated with resection of the distal interphalangeal (= DIP) joint (n = 14), resection of the proximal interphalangeal joint (n = 1) and digit amputation (n = 6) were evaluated retrospectively (1992-2005) regarding the following parameters: breed, age, body mass, pre-treatment, localisation of disease, lameness degree, diagnosis, surgical method, outcome, postoperative survival time and return to breeding use. The mean age of the bulls was 3.6+/-1.7 years and the mean body mass 840.7 + 200.8 kg; range: 500-1200 kg), Surgery was carried out to treat the following conditions: white line infection (n = 9), sole ulcers (n = 5) with osteolysis of the distal sesamoid bone, the tuberculum flexorium, infection of the deep digital flexor tendon at insertion and the DIP-joint; osteomyelitis of the distal and middle phalanx with septic arthritis of the DIP-joint following deep penetrating wounds (n = 3); open fracture of the coffin bone with severe osteolysis/osteomyelitis and septic fibrino-purulent arthritis of the DIP-joint (n = 2); purulent arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint after a penetrating wound (n = 1) and a severe osteolysis/osteomyelitis of the coffin bone originating from a toe ulcer (n = 1). Three bulls were culled within 2-12 weeks after surgery due to postsurgical complications. In three bulls which were treated successfully six years ago, long-term follow-up information could not be obtained. Complete recovery was considered in 15 bulls.They returned to full breeding use three to four months after surgery, with a mean postoperative survival time of 24.1 months:21.2 months after joint resection and 27.2 months after amputation. At the time of this survey three bulls were still alive with 4,7 and 84 months after surgery, respectively. Both surgical methods were successful in breeding bulls, the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint is recommended as first option.  相似文献   

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL TYMPANIC BONE SPICULES AND DRUMSTICK‐LIKE HYPEROSTOTIC TYMPANIC BONE SPICULES IN THE MIDDLE EAR CAVITY OF DOGS          下载免费PDF全文

Birgit Parzefall  Alexandra Rieger  Holger A. Volk  Johann Maierl  Andreas Brühschwein  Andreas Blutke 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(1):25-32

Rounded, sessile, hyperattenuating structures detected in computed tomography (CT) studies of canine tympanic bullae have been termed “otoliths.” These have been proposed to represent dystrophic mineralizations or heterotopic bone formations in the middle ear that are potentially related to chronic otitis media. Aims of the current study were to describe the prevalence, macroscopic, and histological features of structures consistent with “otoliths” in the canine tympanic cavity. Tympanic bullae from 50 routinely necropsied dogs and 139 retrospectively retrieved CT scans of canine clinical cases were examined. Small tympanic bone spicules with pointed or clubbed tips essentially arising from the free margin of the septum bullae were bilaterally present in the tympanic cavities of all 50 of the necropsied dogs. In 48% of the dogs, “otolith”‐like CT‐detectable bone spicules carrying drumstick‐like hyperostoses that were 1–6 mm in diameter were also present. In the retrospective survey of bulla CT scans of 139 cases, the prevalence of hyperostotic tympanic bone spicules (HTBS) was 20%. Findings from the current study indicated that the presence of small tympanic bone spicules in adult dogs is most likely due to physiological bone growth in the septum bullae and that HTBS represent osseous proliferations of small tympanic bone spicules. However, the factors inducing formation of hyperostotic spicules from small tympanic bone spicules remain unknown. The high prevalence of HTBS displaying a similar appearance in bulla CT scans in dogs suggests that these spicules should be included in a differential diagnosis list for “otoliths.”  相似文献   

Impact and Interaction of Nitrogen and Phytophthora infestans as Yield-limiting and Yield-reducing Factors in Organic Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Crops     

Kurt Möller  Johann Habermeyer  Volker Zinkernagel  Hans-Jürgen Reents 《Potato Research》2006,49(4):281-301

For organic potato producers, the two main challenges are disease and nutrient management. Both are limited by regulations that on the one hand prohibit the use of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen, and on the other hand prohibit most synthetic pesticides. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is commonly thought to be the most yield-reducing factor. However, because there is no really effective fungicide available to control late blight, there are virtually no yield loss data available for organic farming conditions. In this paper, the state of the art of organic potato tuber growth under on-farm conditions with respect to disease and nutrient management is summarized by field trials and on-farm surveys on commercial organic crops carried out in the years 1995–1998. Soil nitrogen (N) levels, plant N uptake, disease development of P. infestans and potato yield were measured. Results indicated that N availability was most important in limiting yields in organic potato crops. From on-farm data, a model including disease development, growth duration of the crops until foliage decay and different parameters related to N status of the crop could explain 73% of the observed variation in yield. Only 25% of this variation in yield could be attributed to the influence of late blight. Differences in N availability explained 48%. In conclusion, several points emerged from the results. In organic farming, yields are mainly limited by nutrient availability in spring and early summer. The effects of late blight on yields may often be overestimated and cannot be deduced from results in conventional farming because of the strong interaction with nutrient status. Depending on N availability, tubers stop growing between mid-July (70–90 kg N ha⁻¹ uptake), the end of July (110–140 kg N ha⁻¹ uptake) and mid-August (140–180 kg N ha⁻¹ uptake) due to N limitations. The higher the N status of a potato crop, the longer the growing period needed to achieve the attainable yield and the higher the probability that late blight stops further tuber growth and becomes the key tuber-yield-limiting factor. In the second part of this paper, the interactive effects of soil N availability and the impact of P. infestans on yield in the presence and absence of fungicides from 1996 to 1998 for mid-early main crops are reported. An empirical schematic model of disease impact depending on N availability was developed.  相似文献   

Genetic relationships and evolution in Cucurbita as viewed with simple sequence repeat polymorphisms: the centrality of C. okeechobeensis     

Li Gong  Harry S. Paris  Gertraud Stift  Martin Pachner  Johann Vollmann  Tamas Lelley 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1531-1546

Genetic relationships among 88 accessions from nine of the dozen species of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) were assessed from polymorphisms at 74 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci originating from C. pepo and C. moschata, yielding a total of 315 alleles distributed among 17 linkage groups, with an average of 4.3 alleles per locus. Genetic distance (GD) values were calculated, a principal coordinate analysis conducted, and a dendrogram constructed. Average within-species genetic distance values ranged from 0.07 for C. ecuadorensis and C. ficifolia to 0.46 for C. pepo. Each species was clearly defined, as all mean within-species GD values were lower than the respective mean between-species GD values. C. okeechobeensis had the most central position in the genus Cucurbita, with the lowest average GD to the other species, 0.61. C. foetidissima, the only xerophytic species examined, was the most distant, with a mean GD of 0.73 to the other species. C. pepo and C. ficifolia were the most outlying of the mesophytic species. Mean across-species GDs generally corresponded with crossability. However, there were some outstandingly low GD values between particular accessions of Cucurbita pepo, the economically most important species, and disease-resistant wild species, particularly C. okeechobeensis but also C. foetidissima. The results suggest that more intensive search and collection of C. okeechobeensis populations would likely yield genotypes that are more compatible with C. pepo. Moreover, successful application of genetic resources in the genus Cucurbita might be facilitated by using GD values obtained from SSR polymorphisms as a guide in choosing parents for interspecific crossing.  相似文献   

Collecting in situ precipitated iron oxides in their natural soil environment     

Thilo Rennert  Carsten W. Mueller  Tim Mansfeldt  Johann Lugmeier 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2013,176(4):497-499

Avoiding chemical and physical artifacts during sampling is crucial for realistic analyses of mineral and other colloids in soil. We developed a sampler, which allows for the in situ collection of Fe oxides that precipitate in their natural environment in a Bg horizon of a Calcaric Gleysol. Simultaneous measurements of redox‐sensitive parameters confirmed temporal changes from Fe‐reducing to Fe‐oxidizing conditions on site.  相似文献   

Truffle seedling production method has long-term consequences for tree growth and root colonization     

Johann N. Bruhn  Jeanne D. Mihail  Grechen E. Pruett 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(3):679-688

Cultivation of Burgundy black truffles (Tuber aestivum syn. T. uncinatum) in Midwestern agroforestry has the potential to provide important income not only to landowners, but also to the hospitality industry. Economically viable harvest depends upon both successful seedling colonization by the truffle fungus and successful growth of the fungus along with the extending root system. We evaluated an established hybrid oak (Quercus bicolor × Q. robur) truffière 5 and 6 years after planting in May 2005, to evaluate the effects of three seedling production methods on tree growth and root colonization by T. aestivum. Oak seedlings produced using two variations on the RPM^© (Root Production Method) substrate grew significantly faster in height and diameter, but were significantly less well colonized by the truffle fungus compared with saplings from seedlings produced by the “Typical” method. We found that 0.7–19.8 % of root tips (mean 5.1 %) sampled from saplings grown from Typical seedlings were colonized by T. aestivum. By 2010, two distinct canopy forms had developed: ‘upright’ versus ‘spreading’. Although root colonization was not related to canopy form, future fruit body production may be influenced by the greater soil shading provided by the spreading canopy form. A comparison of autumn/winter air temperatures in Missouri, USA with European conditions suggests that fruit body production in Missouri will likely be greatest from mid-September through mid-December. Soil pH modification by application of crushed limestone prior to planting was effective in maintaining average pH at 7.16 through 2010, a level consistent with fruit body production.  相似文献   

Pain Management     

Johann Coetzee 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2013

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What is your diagnosis? Torsion of the right middle lung lobe     

Della Santa D  Marchetti V  Lang J  Citi S 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(11):1725-1726

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