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61.
Bennett AD McKnight GE Dodkin SJ Simpson KE Schwartz AM Gunn-Moore DA 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(2):152-154
Measuring urine specific gravity (USG) is an important component of urine analysis as it evaluates renal concentrating capability. The objective of this study was to quantify the difference in USG values between a hand-held optical analogue refractometer and a cat-specific digital instrument. Urine samples from 55 cats were assessed. There was a statistically significant difference between these two refractometers (P<0.001), with the optical refractometer (mean USG=1.031) consistently reading higher than the digital refractometer (mean USG=1.027). Results for a random subset of the samples (n=10) were compared with urine osmolality and both the optical and digital instruments demonstrated excellent correlation. While an accurate USG reading is important, it is unlikely that the statistical significance between the two instruments is clinically significant and, therefore, unlikely to result in a change in patient evaluation or treatment plans. While both the digital and optimal refractometers are highly correlated to the urine osmolality, making both devices valid for assessment of USG in clinical practice, this digital device is easier to read and eliminates the variability of subjective interpretation. 相似文献
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63.
Modelling and Mapping Ozone Deposition in Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. D. Emberson M.R. Ashmore D. Simpson J.-P. Tuovinen H.M. Cambridge 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):577-582
A new dry deposition module has been developed for European-scale mapping and modelling of ozone deposition fluxes (Emberson et al., 2000a,b). The module is being implemented in the photochemical long-range transport model of EMEP that is currently used to estimate exceedance of the existing critical levels for ozone within the UN ECE LRTAP programme. The deposition model evaluates the atmospheric, boundary layer and surface resistances to ozone transfer with the calculation of the dry deposition velocity performed according to a standard resistance formulation. The approach differs from other existing methods through the use of a detailed stomatal uptake model that describes stomatal conductance as a function of plant species, phenology and four environmental variables (air temperature, solar radiation, water vapour pressure deficit and soil moisture deficit). Comparison of preliminary model outputs for selected land-cover types indicate that the model is capable of predicting the seasonal and diurnal range in deposition velocities that have been reported previously in the literature. The application of this deposition scheme enables calculations of ambient ozone concentrations to be made using a biologically based method that can distinguish stomatal and non-stomatal components of total ozone deposition. The ability to estimate stomatal ozone fluxes (according to vegetation type, phenology and spatial location) that are consistent with evaluations of atmospheric ozone concentrations will be helpful in future assessments of ozone impacts to vegetation. 相似文献
64.
Steven W. Effler James M. McCarthy Karl W. Simpson F. Joseph Unangst GAry C. Schafran William D. Schecher Peter Jaran Hsi-Sheng A. Shu Magdy T. Khalil 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1984,21(1-4):335-350
The occurrence and characteristics of chemically-based density stratification in portions of the Seneca and Oswego Rivers, downstream of ion-polluted Onondaga Lake, are described for seven different days in the summer and fall of 1978 and 1981, which covered a wide range of river flows. The results indicate that chemically-based density stratification occurs routinely in the Seneca River downstream of the lake inflow, in response to a continuous chemically-based density difference between the two systems of 0.0015 to 0.0030 g cm?3. The persistence of the phenomenon, and therefore the longitudinal range over which the river stratification occurred, was dependent on the velocity of river flow and the magnitude of the density gradient that bordered the upper river water and the lower released lake water. During the low flows common to summer the stratification extended approximately 14 km downstream to a dam, and 3 km upstream, of the lake outlet — river junction. Vertical mixing between the stratified layers increased as the flow in the Seneca River increased, and as the vertical density gradient decreased. A dimensionless group, $$\frac{D}{{V\left( {\frac{\rho }{{\Delta _\rho /\Delta _z }}} \right)}}$$ where: D = apparent vertical diffusion (m2 hr?1), V = average velocity of the overlying river flow (m hr?1 ), p = density at the interface between the stratified layers (g cm?3), and Ap/Az = density gradient between the stratified layers (g cm?3 m?1), was found to be constant for summer low flow conditions for a 6.5 km length of the Seneca River, thus quantifying the interaction between vertical mixing and the included influences for that portion of the river. The occurrence of chemical stratification in the river had dramatic implications on the corresponding distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO). The isolation of the organically enriched lake water in the lower layer enhanced the depletion of DO there, which resulted in the development of substantial (> 4.0 mg 1?1 ) DO stratification downstream of the discharge from the lake during summer low flow periods. 相似文献
65.
Judith A. Hudson DVM PhD Susan T. Finn-Bodner DVM MS Joan R. Coates DVM Donald C. Sorjonen DVM MS Stephen T. Simpson DVM MS James C. Wright DVM PhD Jan E. Steiss DVM PhD Nancy R. Cox DVM PhD Dana M. Vaughn DVM PhD Starr C. Miller BS Scott A. Brown DVM PhD Phillip D. Garrett DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(6):542-547
Doppler ultrasonography of the spinal cord was performed in 34 normal, anesthetized dogs following hemilaminectomy. This study was part of an investigation to evaluate the efficacy of a 21-aminosteroid compound and high dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of spinal cord trauma. Grey-scale images of the canine spinal cord were similar to those described for the spinal cord of people. Doppler waveforms of intraparenchymal spinal arteries exhibited high end diastolic blood flow velocities, indicating low resistance to flow. Doppler values (mean ± SD) for arteries immediately ventrolateral to the central canal were: Peak Systolic Velocity = 5.78 ± 2.5 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Minimum Diastolic Velocity = 3.5 ± 1.62 cm/sec, Mean Velocity = 4.45 ± 1.96 cm/sec, Systolic/Diastolic ratio = 169 ± 0.19, Pulsatility Index = 0.53 ± 0.09, and Resistance Index = 0.4 ± 0.06. 相似文献
66.
67.
68.
Hematologic findings in certain small cetaceans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S H Ridgway J G Simpson G S Patton 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1970,157(5):566-575
69.
Eight Merino rams were joined for 8 weeks to 400 Merino ewes in a 31 ha paddock during April–June. Six of the rams were monitored for body weight, body condition, testicular volume and semen characteristics before, during and after the joining period. The day before joining, at 2-weekly intervals through joining, and 2 weeks after the end of the joining period 6 collections were made from each ram using an artificial vagina. The semen was evaluated for volume, density, wave motion and morphology. Body weight and condition and testicular volume of the rams increased prior to joining. Body weight and condition decreased markedly until the sixth week of the mating period, after which there was some recovery. Testicular volume, on the other hand, declined steadily through the mating period and showed no recovery during the post-mating period. Amongst the semen characteristics, ejaculate volume, wave motion score, sperm density and percentage of live sperm all fell significantly during the first 2 weeks of mating but there was a steady recovery through the remainder of the mating period and in the 2 weeks after ram removal. The percentage of abnormal sperm increased significantly throughout the joining period but showed a slight decline in the post-mating period. The results emphasise the extent of the decline in ejaculate characters, and to a lesser extent, in physical characters which can occur during the first cycle of joining in paddock-mated rams. 相似文献
70.
Acute experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in the weanling pony 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R Bortell R L Asquith G T Edds C F Simpson W W Aller 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(11):2110-2114
Nineteen weanling ponies and 1 adult pony were given a single oral dose of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Dosages were: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.4 mg of AFB1/kg of body weight. Vital signs were monitored, and whole blood and serum collected for analysis of serum enzymes, prothrombin time, blood cell counts, and serum urea nitrogen. Ponies that died were examined for gross lesions, and tissues were collected for histopathologic examination and analysis of AFB1 and AFM1 residues. Two of the 4 ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose and all ponies given the larger dosages died within 76 hours. Clinical signs included increased rectal temperature, faster heart and respiratory rates, abdominal straining, bloody feces, and tetanic convulsions. At necropsy, ponies that died of acute aflatoxicosis showed visceral petechiae and hepatic focal lesions. Histopathologic changes included severe hepatic necrosis, vacuolation, and bile duct hyperplasia. Aflatoxins B1 and M1 were recovered from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal contents. One other pony given the 2 mg/kg dose died 32 days after dosing, and 1 control pony died after 70 days. Continuous elevations in prothrombin time and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were observed in ponies dosed at 4 mg/kg or more. Significant (P less than 0.05) elevations in these values, which peaked 2 to 3 days after dosing, were seen in ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose. This group also had significant increases over controls in PCV and hemoglobin concentration 5 days after dosing. 相似文献