Mannose receptor-mediated regulation of serum glycoprotein homeostasis     

Lee SJ  Evers S  Roeder D  Parlow AF  Risteli J  Risteli L  Lee YC  Feizi T  Langen H  Nussenzweig MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5561):1898-1901

Carbohydrates are thought to function as tags that mark circulatory glycoproteins for rapid clearance. To examine the role of the mannose receptor (MR) in glycoprotein clearance, we generated mice genetically deficient in MR. MR-/- mice were defective in clearing proteins bearing accessible mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues and had elevated levels of eight different lysosomal hydrolases. Proteomic analysis of MR-/- and control mouse sera showed that an additional 4 out of 52 proteins identified were elevated in MR-/- serum. Each of these is up-regulated during inflammation and wound healing. Thus, MR appears to operate as an essential regulator of serum glycoprotein homeostasis.  相似文献   

Risk-benefit analysis of eating farmed salmon     

Tuomisto JT  Tuomisto J  Tainio M  Niittynen M  Verkasalo P  Vartiainen T  Kiviranta H  Pekkanen J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5683):476-7; author reply 476-7

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Are cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses across Europe primarily determined by atmospheric deposition of these metals?     

Winfried Schröder  Marcel Holy  Roland Pesch  Harry Harmens  Ilia Ilyin  Eiliv Steinnes  Renate Alber  Yuliya Aleksiayenak  Oleg Blum  Mahmut Coşkun  Maria Dam  Ludwig De Temmerman  Marina Frolova  Marina Frontasyeva  Laura Gonzalez Miqueo  Krystyna Grodzińska  Zvonka Jeran  Szymon Korzekwa  Miodrag Krmar  Eero Kubin  Kestutis Kvietkus  Sébastien Leblond  Siiri Liiv  Sigurður Magnússon  Blanka Maňkovská  Juha Piispanen  Åke Rühling  Jesus Santamaria  Zdravko Spiric  Ivan Suchara  Lotti Thöni  Viktor Urumov  Lilyana Yurukova  Harald G. Zechmeister 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1572-1584

Purpose

This study aimed at investigating correlations between heavy metal concentrations in mosses and modelled deposition values as well as other site-specific and regional characteristics to determine which factors primarily affect cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses. The resulting relationships could potentially be used to enhance the spatial resolution of heavy metal deposition maps across Europe.

Materials and methods

Modelled heavy metal deposition data and data on the concentration of heavy metals in naturally growing mosses were integrated into a geographic information system and analysed by means of bivariate rank correlation analysis and multivariate decision trees. Modelled deposition data were validated annually with deposition measurements at up to 63 EMEP measurement stations within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and mosses were collected at up to 7,000 sites at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2005.

Results and discussion

Moderate to high correlations were found between cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of these metals: Spearman rank correlation coefficients were between 0.62 and 0.67, and 0.67 and 0.73 for cadmium and lead, respectively (p?<?0.001). Multivariate decision tree analyses showed that cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses were primarily determined by the atmospheric deposition of these metals, followed by emissions of the metals. Low to very low correlations were observed between mercury concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of mercury. According to the multivariate analyses, spatial variations of the mercury concentration in mosses was primarily associated with the sampled moss species and not with the modelled deposition, but regional differences in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury and corresponding interactions with the moss may also be involved.

Conclusions

At least for cadmium and lead, concentrations in mosses are a valuable tool in determining and mapping the spatial variation in atmospheric deposition across Europe at a high spatial resolution. For mercury, more studies are needed to elucidate interactions of different chemical species with the moss.  相似文献   

Applicability of the ISO 11783 network in a distributed combined guidance system for agricultural machines     

Juha Backman  Timo OksanenArto Visala 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(3):306-317

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Framework for designing and applying peak runoff control structures for peatland forestry conditions     

Hannu Marttila  Kari-Matti Vuori  Hannu Hökkä  Juha Jämsen  Bjørn Kløve 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Drainage-induced diffuse pollution and erosion are key water quality problems in peatland forestry. A major part of the pollutant load is transported during peak runoff periods after snowmelt or intense rainfall. This study investigated possibilities to increase retention time of runoff waters in drained peatland catchments on purpose to diminish peak runoff and improve settling conditions of suspended solids (SS). To create retention, a peak runoff control (PRC) structure was developed and its functioning, dimensioning and practical applications were studied in five partly or completely ditch-drained catchments in Central Finland. The method reduced runoff peaks by 10–73% or 5.07–57.63 l⁻¹ s⁻¹ km⁻², and functioned especially well during largest runoff peaks. The effectiveness of the PRC method depended on (i) catchment topography (slope) and available detention volume, (ii) dimensioning and location of the PRC structure, and (iii) runoff rates. The PRC structure is cheap and can easily be created with forest drainage machinery during the ditching and ditch network maintenance operations. Different issues relating to the structural design, water quality benefits, and impacts on forestry are discussed.  相似文献   

Economic values of supply chain productivity and quality traits calculated for a farmed European whitefish breeding program     

Markus Kankainen  Jari Setälä  Antti Kause  Cheryl Quinton  Susanna Airaksinen  Juha Koskela 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2016,20(2):131-164

Economic values of different fish traits are needed to direct breeding programs to optimize economic benefits for aquaculture industry. The aim of this article is to highlight and calculate how different traits affect the value of farmed fish supply chain. Supply chain approach is needed to calculate economic impact of fish traits because several fish traits affect costs and returns not only in fish farming but also at the processing and retail level. In this article, economic values are calculated for 14 productivity and product quality traits in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). Productivity affecting traits, such as growth, mortality and different yields, are included in the study. In addition, economic values are calculated for several quality traits like fillet gaping, appearance and fat content of flesh.

Productivity traits had the highest economic importance if the traits could be improved. However, quality traits may cause even higher economic losses, if the quality decreases. Thus, the management of the breeding program should pay simultaneous attention to both quality and productivity traits.  相似文献   

Soil–water content and air-filled porosity affect height growth of Scots pine in afforested arable land in Finland     

Antti Wall  Juha Heiskanen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

We examined the soil–water content (SWC) and air-filled porosity (AFP) of afforested arable land in situ and related them with tree growth, which was expressed as the total length of 5-year-height growth above 2.5 m stem height. A total of 34 randomly selected sites in western Finland afforested with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were sampled and SWC was measured using time domain reflectometry (TDR). Increasing AFP up to 30% and correspondingly decreasing SWC significantly increased tree growth while concentrations of foliar nutrients and contents of soil nutrients had no effect. Increasing organic matter content (OMC) and decreasing bulk density (BD) were accompanied by increasing SWC and decreasing AFP in the 0–10 cm soil layer. SWC values above 70% indicated critical AFP below 10%. It was found that 44% of the studied sites had mean AFP lower than 10%. The results obtained indicate that the afforested Finnish arable land with high soil OMC is commonly characterized by high SWC and low soil aeration, which can limit tree growth.  相似文献   

In vitro adhesion of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 strain to surfaces of the chicken intestinal tract and to ileal mucus   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Edelman S  Leskelä S  Ron E  Apajalahti J  Korhonen TK 《Veterinary microbiology》2003,91(1):41-56

The role of fimbria in adherence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78 strain 789 to chicken intestine was studied. Bacterial adhesion to tissue sections representing the regions within the chicken intestinal tract was determined by using immunohistochemical methods. E. coli 789 grown to express the type 1 fimbria adhered efficiently to the crop epithelium, to the lamina propria of intestinal villi, and to the apical surfaces of both the mature as well as the crypt-located enterocytes in intestinal villi, whereas no adhesion to mucus-producing goblet cells was detected. The adhesion was inhibited by mannoside and the role of type 1 fimbriae in the observed adhesion was confirmed with a recombinant strain expressing type 1 fimbriae genes cloned from E. coli and Salmonella enterica. E. coli 789 strain grown to favor AC/I fimbriae expression as well as the recombinant E. coli strain expressing the fac genes adhered to goblet cells but only poorly to the other epithelial sites. E. coli strain 789 as well as S. enterica serovar Typhimurium IR715 and S. enterica serovar Enteriditis TN2 strains were able to multiply in ileal mucus medium. The type 1 fimbria expressing bacteria adhered to the ileal mucus, whereas the AC/I fimbriated strains showed poor adherence to the mucus. The adhesion of E. coli 789 onto the crop epithelium and the follicle associated epithelium of the chicken ileum was efficiently inhibited by an adhesive strain ST1 of Lactobacillus crispatus isolated from chicken, whereas poor inhibition of E. coli adherence was observed with the weakly adhesive L. crispatus strain 134mi. The type 1 fimbriae may be important in colonization of the chicken intestine by APEC and Salmonella.  相似文献   

Comparative use of vendace by humans and Saimaa ringed seal in Lake Pihlajavesi, Finland     

Heikki Auvinen  Juha Jurvelius  Tero Sipilä 《Biological conservation》2005,125(3):381-389

The Saimaa ringed seal, Phoca hispida saimensis, is one of the most endangered ringed seals in the world. Its total population consisted of 240 adult seals in the Saimaa lake complex in 2000. We estimated the amount of vendace, Coregonus albula, consumed by the seals and compared it with fishermen’s vendace catches and our vendace stock estimates in Lake Pihlajavesi, Finland. Our study area was the habitat of 43 mature seals and 17 immature seals as well as 12 pups in 2001. Five commercial two-boat trawlers fished in the area. Vendace stock size was estimated at 660 tonnes i.e., 12 kg ha⁻¹ in the study area in August-September 2001. The vendace catch by fishermen was approximately 250 tonnes, and the vendace consumption by the Saimaa ringed seal was estimated at 68 tonnes in 2001. We estimated that during the whole year seals ate approximately 8% of the vendace spawning stock biomass in the area while fishermen caught 30% of it. The seals and the fishermen together used less than 10% of the available vendace biomass in each month. Fishing pressure on the vendace stock was highest in August-October. The amount of vendace eaten by the seals exceeded the vendace catch in fisheries only in December-April. In periods of low vendace density, the seals can consume a higher proportion of the stock and reduce the catch per unit of effort in fisheries. However, our assumption that seals fed only on vendace should be considered as an extreme scenario when considering the conflict between fisheries and the seal.  相似文献   

Critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen for lakes I: Model description and estimation of uncertainty     

Maximilian Posch  Martin Forsius  Juha Kämäri 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,66(1-2):173-192

Presently considerable effort is devoted to the development of methods for estimating critical loads of acidic deposition. In this paper a steady-state mass balance model for lakes is presented, allowing the simultaneous calculation of critical loads of acidifying S and N deposition and their exceedance. Special emphasis is given to the derivation of model inputs and parameters and the quantification of their uncertainties. The inclusion of rate-limited processes in the model leads to the dependence of the critical loads not only on catchment properties but also on the loading to the ecosystem. As a consequence, critical load values have to be re-calculated whenever deposition patterns change. The methods presented in this study are used in an accompanying paper to derive regional distributions of critical loads of S and N for lakes in Finland and to quantify their uncertainties.  相似文献