Scintigraphic, radiographic, and thermographic appearance of the metacarpal and metatarsal regions of adult healthy horses treated with nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy--a pilot study     

Verna M  Turner TA  Anderson KL 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2005,6(3):268-276

Nonfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) treatment protocol is commonly used in veterinary practice. This study investigated the effects of four nonfocused ESWT treatments, given 2 weeks apart, on bone radiopharmaceutical uptake and radiographic and thermographic appearance in the metacarpal and metatarsal regions in six adult untrained horses. There were no measurable treatment effects determined by thermography (daily), scintigraphy (at 2-week intervals), and radiography (before study initiation and at study completion) between treated and control limbs. It was concluded that no gross evidence of bone remodeling is detectable by conventional clinical assessment when nonfocused ESWT is applied to healthy equine metacarpal or metatarsal bone.  相似文献   

Bioenergetic calculation of mercury accumulation in fish     

Pekka Korhonen  Markku Virtanen  Titta Schultz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,80(1-4):901-904

A numerical model was developed for the bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in fish. The model is based on the bioenergetic calculation of fish growth, food consumption, respiration, specific dynamic action and waste losses (egestion/excretion) using the program of Hewett and Johnson (1992). Based on the predation and food results obtained, the accumulation of Hg in fish is calculated taking into account the concentrations of methyl mercury (MeHg) in food and water, its intake and accumulation from food and from water, and the removal of Hg from the body. Some species at various levels of food web are considered in the multistep model applications. The model is used to compute the changes of Hg contents in perch (as prey) and pike (as predator) caused by the release of Hg from the bottom sediments when the Kokemäki River in Western Finland was dredged. The model results were not far from the observed results even though the forcing conditions had been described only roughly.  相似文献   

Drilling to gabbro in intact ocean crust     

Wilson DS  Teagle DA  Alt JC  Banerjee NR  Umino S  Miyashita S  Acton GD  Anma R  Barr SR  Belghoul A  Carlut J  Christie DM  Coggon RM  Cooper KM  Cordier C  Crispini L  Durand SR  Einaudi F  Galli L  Gao Y  Geldmacher J  Gilbert LA  Hayman NW  Herrero-Bervera E  Hirano N  Holter S  Ingle S  Jiang S  Kalberkamp U  Kerneklian M  Koepke J  Laverne C  Vasquez HL  Maclennan J  Morgan S  Neo N  Nichols HJ  Park SH  Reichow MK  Sakuyama T  Sano T  Sandwell R  Scheibner B  Smith-Duque CE  Swift SA  Tartarotti P  Tikku AA  Tominaga M  Veloso EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5776):1016-1020

Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D.  相似文献   

Gastroesophageal reflux and laryngeal dysfunction in a dog     

Lux CN  Archer TM  Lunsford KV 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(9):1100-1103

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Factors causing temporal and spatial variation in heterotrophic and rhizospheric components of soil respiration in afforested organic soil croplands in Finland     

Päivi Mäkiranta  Kari Minkkinen  Jyrki Hytönen  Jukka Laine 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1592-1600

Partitioning soil respiration (SR) into its components, heterotrophic and rhizospheric respiration, is an important step for understanding and modelling carbon (C) cycling in organic soils. However, no partitioning studies on afforested organic soil croplands exist. We separated soil respiration originating from the decomposition of peat (SR_P), and aboveground litter (SR_L) and root respiration (SR_R) in six afforested organic soil croplands in Finland with varying tree species and stand ages using the trenching method. Across the sites temporal variation in SR was primarily related to changes in soil surface temperature (?5 cm), which explained 71–96% of variation in SR rates. Decomposition of peat and litter was not related to changes in water table level, whereas a minor increase in root respiration was observed with the increase in water table depth. Temperature sensitivity of SR varied between the different respiration components: SR_P was less sensitive to changes in soil surface temperature than SR_L or SR_R. Factors explaining spatial variation in SR differed between different respiration components. Annual SR_P correlated positively with peat ash content while that of SR_L was found to correlate positively with the amount of litter on the forest floor, separately for each tree species. Root respiration correlated positively with the biomass of ground vegetation. From the total soil respiration peat decomposition comprised a major share of 42%; the proportion of autotrophic respiration being 41% and aboveground litter 17%. Afforestation lowered peat decomposition rates. Nevertheless the effect of agricultural history can be seen in peat properties for decades and due to high peat decomposition rates these soils still loose carbon to the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Successful management of persistent tachycardia using esmolol in 2 dogs with septic shock     

Kari Santoro Beer  Anusha Balakrishnan  Samantha K. Hart 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(3):326-330

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Indirect regulation of heterotrophic peat soil respiration by water level via microbial community structure and temperature sensitivity     

Päivi Mäkiranta  Raija Laiho  Jyrki Hytönen  Kari Minkkinen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(4):695-703

Northern peatlands contain a considerable share of the terrestrial carbon (C) pool, which climate change will likely affect in the future. The magnitude of this effect, however, remains uncertain, due mainly to difficulties in predicting decomposition rates in the old peat layers. We studied the effects of water level depth (WL) and soil temperature on heterotrophic soil respiration originating from peat decomposition (R_PD) in six drained peatlands using a chamber technique. The microbial community structure was determined through PLFA. Within the studied sites, temperature appeared to be the main driver of R_PD. However, our results indicate that there exist mechanisms related to lower WL conditions that can tone down the effect of temperature on R_PD. These mechanisms were described with a mathematical model that included the optimum WL response of R_PD and the effect of average WL conditions on the temperature sensitivity of R_PD. The following implications were apparent from the model parameterisation: (1) The instantaneous effect of WL on R_PD followed a Gaussian form; the optimum WL for R_PD was 61 cm. The tolerance of R_PD to the WL, however, was rather broad, indicating that the overall effect of WL was relatively weak. (2) The temperature sensitivity of R_PD depended on the average WL of the plot: plots with a high average WL showed higher temperature sensitivity than did those under drier conditions. This variation in temperature sensitivity of R_PD correlated with microbial community structure. Thus, moisture stress in the surface peat layer or, alternatively, the lowered temperature sensitivity of R_PD in low water level conditions via microbial community structure and biomass may restrict R_PD. We conclude that a warmer future climate may raise R_PD in drained peatlands only if the subsequent decrease in the moisture of the surface peat layers is minor and, thus, conditions remain favourable for decomposition.  相似文献   

Comment on: veterinarians' profit on drug dispensing     

Grave K  Wegener HC 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2006,77(3-4):306-308

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Damage characteristics of three boring pests in Artemisia ordosica     

Shi-xiang Zong  You-qing Luo  Ya-qin Cui  Jian-wei Wang  Wei Yan  Ai-jie Liu  Heliövaara Kari 《中国林学(英文版)》2009,11(1):24-27

The population density and distribution of the three major boring pests, Holcocerus artemisiae, Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. were studied in their host plant Artemisia ordosica. Results show that the larvae of H. artemisiae mainly bore the rhizome of A. ordosica, but also the larvae of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. bore the rhizome of A. tordosica. The adults of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. feed on the leaves of A. ordosica as a nutritional supplement. The distribution of the larvae of three pests in their host plant is completely different. H. artemisiae and Sphenoptera sp. are distributed in the whole A. ordosica plant. The newly hatched larvae first feed on the phloem and xylem of stem and then burrow to the roots before the winter of the same year. However, Adosopius sp. is distributed mainly in the roots. The newly hatched larvae move from the phloem to the xylem, and gradually damage the lower part of the trunk. The larvae of the three pests sometimes coexist in a single A. ordosica plant. However, the probability of the coexistence of the three pests is very small. The highest probability of coexistence of two pests was observed in Sphenoptera sp. and H. artemisiae, while the probability of coexistence of Sphenoptera sp. and Adosopius sp. as well as H. artemisiae and Adosopius sp. was smaller. The reasons for coexistence or its avoidance are not only related to the amount of food provided nor the volume of larval living space in a single A. ordosica plant, but also related to the development characteristics of different kinds of larvae and interspecific competition.  相似文献   

库尔勒香梨枝条、花芽冻害发生程度与相关生理指标研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

龙春跃  克热木·伊力  买合木提·卡热  温且木 《新疆农业大学学报》2009,32(2):6-10

2008年1月下旬库尔勒地区的梨树遭受不同程度的冻害,以了解受不同程度冻害的香梨枝条、花芽相关生理指标为目的,以不同冻害程度的枝条、花芽为试验材料,测定其部分生理及营养元素指标,并对不同程度冻害与各指标的关系进行研究。结果表明,随着冻害程度的不断加深,枝条和花芽的游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量不断降低,并且差异显著,POD活性、MDA含量变化不具有一致性,因此,游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量可作为库尔勒香梨树的主要抗冻生理指标。随着冻害程度的不断加深,枝条和花芽的N,K,Mg含量不断降低,并且差异显著,Ca含量变化不具有一致性,P含量差异不明显,因此,N,K,Mg含量可作为库尔勒香梨树的主要抗冻营养元素指标。  相似文献