Effect of preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum     

Wittek T  Tischer K  Gieseler T  Fürll M  Constable PD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(3):418-423

Objective: To determine whether preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine altered postoperative abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, or milk production in dairy cattle undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 45 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows with LDA. PROCEDURES: Cows were alternately assigned to an erythromycin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], IM), flunixin (2.2 mg/kg [1.0 mg/lb], IV), or control group (n = 15/group). Treatments were administered once 1 hour before surgical correction of LDA. D-Xylose solution (50%; 0.5 g/kg [0.23 g/lb]) was injected into the abomasal lumen during surgery, and venous blood samples were periodically obtained to determine time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration. RESULTS: Abomasal emptying rate was significantly faster in cows treated with erythromycin (mean +/- SD time to maximum serum D-xylose concentration, 149 +/- 48 minutes) than in control cows (277 +/- 95 minutes) but was not significantly different between cows treated with flunixin (230 +/- 49 minutes) and control cows. Cows treated with erythromycin had significantly greater milk production, relative to production before surgery, on postoperative days 1 and 2 than did control cows. Cows in the erythromycin and flunixin groups had a significantly higher rumen contraction rate on the first postoperative day than did control cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that preoperative administration of a single dose of erythromycin increased abomasal emptying rate, rumen contraction rate, and milk production in the immediate postoperative period in cows undergoing surgical correction of LDA.  相似文献   

The response of HEK293 cells transfected with bovine TLR2 to established pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to bacteria causing mastitis in cattle     

Farhat K  Sauter KS  Brcic M  Frey J  Ulmer AJ  Jungi TW 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,125(3-4):326-336

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Their role in immunity is difficult to examine in species of veterinary interest, due to restricted access to the knockout technology and TLR-specific antibodies. An alternative approach is to generate cell lines transfected with various TLRs and to examine the recognition of PAMPs or relevant bacteria. In this report, we examined whether recognition of various PAMPs and mastitis-causing bacteria is achieved by transfection of recombinant bovine TLR2 (boTLR2). Therefore, human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were transfected by whole boTLR2. A clonal analysis of stably transfected cells disclosed variable recognition of several putative TLR2 agonists although expressing similar amounts of the transgene and endogenous TLR6. One clone (clone 25) reacted by copious interleukin-8 (IL-8) production to several stimulants of TLR2 such as di-palmitoylated cysteyl-seryl-lysyl-lysyl-lysyl-lysine (Pam2), a biochemical preparation of lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus, a commercial preparation of peptidoglycan from S. aureus, and heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM). TLR2-dependent induction of IL-8 release was stronger in medium containing human serum albumin than in medium containing fetal calf serum. Clone 25 cells responded to high concentrations of S. aureus and to Escherichia coli causing mastitis, but not to Streptococcus uberis and to Streptococcus agalactiae which also cause mastitis. Stimulation by S. aureus was relatively weak when compared (i) with stimulation of the same cells by HKLM and PAMPs derived from S. aureus, (ii) with a clone stably transfected with TLR4 and MD-2 and stimulated by E. coli causing mastitis, and (iii) with interferon-gamma-costimulated bovine macrophages stimulated by S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Thus, clone 25 is suitable for studying the interaction of putative TLR2 agonists with bovine TLR2-transfected cells, provides a cell to search for TLR2-specific antibodies, and is a tool for studying the interaction of TLR2 with bacteria causing disease, e.g. mastitis, in cattle.  相似文献   

Development of a HPLC/tandem-MS method for the analysis of the larvicides methoprene, hydroprene, and kinoprene at trace levels using Diels-Alder derivatization     

Aronov PA  Dettmer K  Christiansen JA  Cornel AJ  Hammock BD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3306-3312

The invasion and subsequent spread of the mosquito-borne West Nile virus in the United States has resulted in increased use of methoprene. With the increased need for sensitive detection and monitoring of methoprene in the environment, an analytical LC/ESI-MS/MS method has been developed for the analysis of methoprene and two analogues, kinoprene and hydroprene, in water. To improve the ionization efficiency of the nonpolar analytes, a derivatization step with the Cookson-type reagent 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD) was used. Derivatization improved the limit of detection 100-fold. For tandem MS analyses, limits of detection in environmental water samples (S/N = 3) are about 6 pg/mL for methoprene and 20 pg/mL for kinoprene and hydroprene, resulting in limits of quantification (S/N = 10) of 20 pg/mL for methoprene and 60 pg/mL for hydroprene and kinoprene extracted from 10 mL of water. This method was applied to measure methoprene concentrations in water samples from a treated site.  相似文献   

A prospective randomized open‐label trial on the comparative effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 versus polyionic isotonic crystalloids on coagulation parameters in dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum     

Claudia Iannucci  Daniel Dirkmann  Judith Howard  Katja N. Adamik 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2021,31(1):32-42

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Reproducibility of serum testing for environmental allergen-specific IgE in dogs in Europe     

Katja N. Baumann  Natalie K.Y. Gedon  Teresa M.S.A. Boehm  Laura Udraite-Vovk  Ralf S. Mueller 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(3):251-e67

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Equations used to develop commercial dog food feeding guidelines and Canadian owner feeding practices in 2018     

Katja A. Sutherland  Cara Cargo-Froom  Adronie Verbrugghe  Anna Kate Shoveller 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(4):357

Feeding guidelines on commercial dog food packages provide a suggested starting point for food provision for dogs. The equations used to develop commercial dog food feeding guidelines and the owner feeding practices surveyed were examined in this study. The equations used to develop feeding guidelines and the energy density calculation method (Traditional Atwater or Modified Atwater equation) were investigated for 200 dry dog foods sold in Canada. Not all energy densities of products were calculated using the modified Atwater equation, a requirement if claiming compliance with the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Commercial feeding guidelines provide conservative estimates of pet dog energy needs. A survey of dog owners’ feeding practices was conducted, with 739 responses analyzed. Respondents generally took appropriate action to manage the weight of their dogs through both exercise and dietary management. Further investigation should explore how owners may be successfully managing their dogs’ weight without veterinary supervision.  相似文献   

Genome-scale proteomics reveals Arabidopsis thaliana gene models and proteome dynamics     

Baerenfaller K  Grossmann J  Grobei MA  Hull R  Hirsch-Hoffmann M  Yalovsky S  Zimmermann P  Grossniklaus U  Gruissem W  Baginsky S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5878):938-941

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Ecology: managing evolving fish stocks     

Jørgensen C  Enberg K  Dunlop ES  Arlinghaus R  Boukal DS  Brander K  Ernande B  Gardmark A  Johnston F  Matsumura S  Pardoe H  Raab K  Silva A  Vainikka A  Dieckmann U  Heino M  Rijnsdorp AD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5854):1247-1248

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The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major     

Ivens AC  Peacock CS  Worthey EA  Murphy L  Aggarwal G  Berriman M  Sisk E  Rajandream MA  Adlem E  Aert R  Anupama A  Apostolou Z  Attipoe P  Bason N  Bauser C  Beck A  Beverley SM  Bianchettin G  Borzym K  Bothe G  Bruschi CV  Collins M  Cadag E  Ciarloni L  Clayton C  Coulson RM  Cronin A  Cruz AK  Davies RM  De Gaudenzi J  Dobson DE  Duesterhoeft A  Fazelina G  Fosker N  Frasch AC  Fraser A  Fuchs M  Gabel C  Goble A  Goffeau A  Harris D  Hertz-Fowler C  Hilbert H  Horn D  Huang Y  Klages S  Knights A  Kube M  Larke N  Litvin L  Lord A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):436-442

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Do interactions with soil organisms mediate grass responses to defoliation?     

Katja Ilmarinen  Juha Mikola  Mauritz Vestberg 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(4):894-905

Defoliation-induced changes in grass growth and C allocation are known to affect soil organisms, but how much these effects in turn mediate grass responses to defoliation is not fully understood. Here, we present results from a microcosm study that assessed the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and soil decomposers in the response of a common forage grass, Phleum pratense L., to defoliation at two nutrient availabilities (added inorganic nutrients or no added nutrients). We measured the growth and C and N allocations of P. pratense plants as well as the abundance of soil organisms in the plant rhizosphere 5 and 19 d after defoliation. To examine whether defoliation affected the availability of organic N to plants, we added ¹⁵N-labelled root litter to the soil and tracked the movement of mineralized ¹⁵N from the litter to the plant shoots.When inorganic nutrients were not added, defoliation reduced P. pratense growth and root C allocation, but increased the shoot N concentration, shoot N yield (amount of N in clipped plus harvested shoot mass) and relative shoot N allocation. Defoliation also reduced N uptake from the litter but did not affect total plant N uptake. Among soil organisms, defoliation reduced the root colonization rates of AM fungi but did not affect soil microbial respiration or the abundance of microbe-grazing nematodes. These results indicate that interactions with soil organisms were not responsible for the increased shoot N concentration and shoot N yield of defoliated P. pratense plants. Instead, these effects apparently reflect a higher efficiency in N uptake per unit plant mass and increased relative allocation of N to shoots in defoliated plants. The role of soil organisms did not change when additional nutrients were available at the moment of defoliation, but the effects of defoliation on shoot N concentration and yield became negative, apparently due to the reduced ability of defoliated plants to compete for the pulse of inorganic nutrients added at the moment of defoliation.Our results show that the typical grass responses to defoliation—increased shoot N concentration and shoot N yield—are not necessarily mediated by soil organisms. We also found that these responses followed defoliation even when the ability of plants to utilize N from organic sources, such as plant litter, was diminished, because defoliated plants showed higher N-uptake efficiency per unit plant mass and allocated relatively more N to shoots than non-defoliated plants.  相似文献