Aquaculture ethics: A systematic quantitative review and critical analysis of aquaculture ethics scholarship     

Katja Cooper  Hugh Breakey  Melea Lewis  Rebecca Marshallsay  Alex Naraniecki  Charles Sampford 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(2):321-338

This paper investigates the ethical values, moral principles, methods and reform proposals in aquaculture ethics scholarship to develop a comprehensive and balanced list of aquaculture ethical principles. A Systematic Quantitative Literature Review methodology is employed to parse 150 journal articles on aquaculture ethics. Methodologies, specific ethical values, broad principles, recommended reforms and trends over time are quantified and assessed. Through analysis of invoked values and recommended reforms, six core marine economy ethics principles are identified: Environmental Protection, Fairness, Stakeholder Participation, Harm Prevention, Beneficence and Trustworthiness. A comprehensive multidimensional legitimacy model is employed to uncover ethical gaps and identify promising areas for future aquaculture ethics research.  相似文献   

Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)     

Katja N. Koeppel  Peter Geertsma  Brian F. Kuhn  Ockert L. van Schalkwyk  Peter N. Thompson 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2022,89(1)

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres (> 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km² and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km². This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.  相似文献   

The permeation barrier of plant cuticles: uptake of active ingredients is limited by very long‐chain aliphatic rather than cyclic wax compounds     

Simona Staiger  Pascal Seufert  Katja Arand  Markus Burghardt  Christian Popp  Markus Riederer 《Pest management science》2019,75(12):3405-3412

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Respiration pattern and microbial use of field-grown transgenic Bt-maize residues     

Markus Raubuch  Katja Roose  Florian Wichern 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(9):2380-2389

A 49-day incubation experiment was carried out with the addition of field-grown maize stem and leaf residues to soil at three different temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C). The aim was to study the effects of two transgenic Bt-maize varieties in comparison to their two parental non-Bt varieties on the mineralization of the residues, on their incorporation into the microbial biomass and on changes in the microbial community structure. The stem and leaf residues of Novelis-Bt contained 3.9 μg g⁻¹ dry weight of the Bt toxin Cry1Ab and those of Valmont-Bt only 0.8 μg g⁻¹. The residues of the two parental non-Bt varieties Nobilis and Prelude contained higher concentrations of ergosterol (+220%) and glucosamine (+190%) and had a larger fungal C-to-bacterial C ratio (+240%) than the two Bt varieties. After adding the Bt residues, an initial peak in respiration of an extra 700 μg CO₂-C g⁻¹ soil or 4% of the added amount was observed in comparison to the two non-Bt varieties at all three temperatures. On average of the four varieties, 19-38% of the maize C added was mineralized during the 49-day incubation at the three different temperatures. The overall mean increase in total maize-derived CO₂ evolution corresponded to a Q₁₀ value of 1.4 for both temperature steps, i.e. from 5 to 15 °C and from 15 to 25 °C. The addition of maize residues led to a strong increase in all microbial properties analyzed. The highest contents were always measured at 5 °C and the lowest at 25 °C. The variety-specific contents of microbial biomass C, biomass N, ATP and adenylates increased in the order Novelis-Bt ? Prelude<Valmont-Bt ? Nobilis. The mineralization of Novelis-Bt residues with the highest Bt concentration and lowest N concentration and their incorporation into the microbial biomass was significantly reduced compared to the parental non-Bt variety Nobilis. These negative effects increased considerably from 5 to 25 °C. The transgenic Bt variety Valmont did not show further significant effects except for the initial peak in respiration at any temperature.  相似文献   

Ripening reduces the shrinkage of processed dredged material     

Oing  Katja  Gröngröft  Alexander  Eschenbach  Annette 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2020,20(1):571-583

Purpose

The utilization of dredged material in dike construction as a substitute for traditionally used materials is considered as an option to preserve natural resources such as marsh sediments. As a prerequisite for this application, the equivalency with respect to soil physical and mechanical properties of the materials must be assessed. Previous investigations have shown pronounced differences in shrinkage behavior and desiccation cracking between sediments and dredged material. The key objective of the study was to assess whether shrinkage of processed dredged material can be reduced by further processing, i.e., dewatering, which can be referred to as ripening.

Materials and methods

To compare the shrinkage behavior of the materials, three different methods of different scales were applied. Small-scale methods conducted were the standard procedure for the determination of the shrinkage limit and the determination of the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE_rod). Large-scale shrink-swell experiments were carried out in a specially constructed test system with 90 l capacity for a period of up to 385 days. Here the materials were ripened, i.e., air-dried, until shrinkage almost ceased, and a rewetting-air-drying cycle was conducted. Shrinkage and swelling were determined during the processes by measuring the changes in volume. On the ripened materials, COLE_rod was determined.

Results and discussion

The experiments show that the shrinkage behavior of processed dredged material can be ameliorated by ripening. COLE_rod of the ripened materials were about 20–80% lower than COLE_rod of the un-ripened materials. The large-scale shrink-swell experiments showed that shrinkage in the second drying cycle amounted to less volume than in the first drying cycle and that shrinkage behavior in contrast to the first drying cycle, where pronounced proportional shrinkage was observed, was dominated by structural and residual shrinkage in this cycle.

Conclusions

Ripening of processed dredged material is considered a useful pre-treatment option to ameliorate the shrink-swell behavior of processed dredged material and to obtain a better functional equivalency with traditionally used dike construction materials such as fine-grained marsh sediments.

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Retrospective evaluation of the effects of administration of tetrastarch (hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4) on plasma creatinine concentration in dogs (2010–2013): 201 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Ivayla D. Yozova Dr med vet  Judith Howard DVM  DACVIM  Katja‐Nicole Adamik Dr med vet  DACVECC  DECVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2016,26(4):568-577

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Comparison between real‐time 3‐dimensional and 2‐dimensional biplane echocardiographic assessment of left atrial volumes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease     

Anna Tidholm  Anna Bodegrd‐Westling  Katja Hglund  Jens Hggstrm  Ingrid Ljungvall 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):455-461

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Comparison of acid–base and electrolyte changes following administration of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 in a saline and a polyionic solution in anaesthetized dogs     

Katja N. Adamik  Rafael Obrador  Judith Howard 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(3):260-268

Objective

To evaluate the effects of a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.42) in either a buffered, electrolyte-balanced (HES-BAL) or saline (HES-SAL) carrier solution on electrolyte concentrations and acid–base parameters in healthy anaesthetized dogs.

Study design

Prospective randomised clinical study.

Animals

A group of 40 client-owned dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgical procedures or diagnostic imaging.

Methods

During anaesthesia, dogs were intravenously administered 15 mL kg^?1 of either HES-SAL (n = 20) or HES-BAL (n = 20) over 30–40 minutes. Jugular blood samples were analysed before (T₀) and 5 minutes (T₅), 1 hour (T₆₀) and 3 hours (T₁₈₀) after fluid administration. Sodium, potassium, chloride, ionised calcium, phosphate, albumin, pH, venous pCO₂, base excess (BE), bicarbonate and anion gap were determined and strong ion difference (SID) and total quantity of weak nonvolatile acids were calculated for each time point.

Results

Chloride was significantly increased at T₅, T₆₀ and T₁₈₀ compared with T₀ after HES-SAL, and was significantly greater after HES-SAL than after HES-BAL at T₅ (p = 0.042). Ionised calcium was significantly decreased at T₅ compared with T₀ after HES-SAL, and was significantly lower after HES-SAL than after HES-BAL at T₅ (p < 0.001). Bicarbonate was significantly lower after HES-SAL than after HES-BAL at T₅ (p = 0.004) and T₆₀ (p = 0.032). BE was significantly lower after HES-SAL than after HES-BAL at T₅ (p < 0.001) and T₆₀ (p = 0.007). SID was significantly decreased after HES-SAL at T₅ and T₆₀ compared with T₀, and was significantly lower after HES-SAL than after HES-BAL at T₅ (p = 0.027). Mean electrolyte and acid–base parameters remained within or marginally outside of reference intervals.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Changes in both groups were minor and short-lived with either fluid in healthy individuals, but might become clinically relevant with higher fluid doses or in critically ill dogs.  相似文献   

Retention-tree groups in clear-cuts: Do they constitute ‘life-boats’ for spiders and carabids?     

Katja Matveinen-Huju  Jari Niemel  Hannu Rita  Robert B. O&#x;Hara 《Forest Ecology and Management》2006,230(1-3):119-135

Green-tree retention aims at maintaining biodiversity while harvesting timber, but knowledge of its efficiency is still limited. Green-tree retention may function as a ‘life-boat’ for organisms, maintain structural features, or create stepping-stones in the harvested landscape. The aim of this study is to determine whether larger retention-tree groups established in clear-cuts maintain forest species better than smaller ones. We posed hypotheses for different habitat affinity groups of spiders and carabids, and tested them in Eastern Finland with 11 retention-tree groups, 0.09–0.55 ha in size (47–385 trees per tree group). Although some of the analysed species responded as expected, we did not find unambiguous support for the hypotheses that (1) species requiring forest and/or (medium-) moist habitat should be more abundant in larger retention-tree groups, (2) species requiring (semi-) open and/or (medium-) dry habitat should be more common in smaller retention-tree groups, and (3) species indifferent with respect to light intensity and moisture should be caught in equal numbers in all retention-tree groups irrespective of their size. However, the mean numbers of individuals of many forest species and/or species requiring (medium-) moist habitat decreased over the 3 years after logging in all retention-tree groups, whereas the mean numbers of many species of (semi-) open and/or (medium-) dry habitat increased over the 3 years after logging. Furthermore, species composition changed from the pre-treatment year for spiders. We conclude that green-tree retention is justified because (1) retention-tree groups tend to maintain some forest species, thereby mitigating the effects of clear-cutting, at least in the short term, (2) they provide dead wood, large old trees, and other structural features, and (3) there are gaps in our ecological knowledge that warrant the adoption of the precautionary principle. However, as there are economic costs associated with the establishment of retention-tree groups, their ecological benefits as compared to other approaches aimed at maintaining biodiversity should be assessed carefully.  相似文献   

Type III hemifacial microsomia in a kitten     

Talbot JJ  Voss K  Beatty J  Barrs VR 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(8):603-606

The case described herein presented with craniofacial malformations resembling hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a congenital disorder described in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HFM in a domestic cat.  相似文献