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51.
Youhei Fukumori Seiji Osada Masami Nakajima Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(3):188-190
To investigate maturation of spermatia of Botryotinia fuckeliana, we examined micro-structural changes in spermatia in liquid culture. Three to four spherical lipid bodies were seen in the
center of the cell at the start of culturing. After 3–7 days, maturing spermatia had developed large mitochondria along with
extensively developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, the lipid bodies decreased not only in number but also
in size over time. The results obtained here suggest that the maturation of spermatia involves active cell metabolism using
the energy supply from lipid bodies. 相似文献
52.
Toru Takahashi Makoto Miura Naganori Ohisa Katsumi Mori Shoichi Kobayashi 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(2):228-232
The effects of autoclave and oven treatments on the gelatinization of rice flour and on the rheological characteristics of its pastes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rapid viscoanalysis (RVA), and rotational viscometry. Flours from autoclave‐treated rice (ATR) and oven‐treated rice (OTR) were prepared, respectively, by heating at 120°C for 60 min and 160°C for 60 min followed by drying (ATR sample), and grinding at 2.2–12.9% moisture content. The rice flour dispersions were adjusted between pH 6.3 and 2.8 using 0.2M citrate buffer. The retort processing of rice flour in water pastes were done at 120°C for 20 min either once or twice. The gelatinization peak temperature (PT and To) and the peak temperature corresponding to the amylose‐lipid complexes (Tp3) of ATR increased at pH 6.3 and 2.8 compared with OTR and UTR flour. This indicates that the internal structures of the starch granules in ATR became more stable to heat and acid, even though the damaged starch content of ATR was 23% compared with 16 and 7%, respectively, for untreated rice flour (UTR) and OTR. The OTR flour pastes showed a gel‐like behavior at pH 4.5 after retort processing in water at 120°C for 20 min; however, the ATR mixture behaved more like a liquid paste. Decreases in the reducing sugar content of OTR and ATR pastes suggested that enzymes in the heat‐treated rice were denatured, which retarded the hydrolysis of glucose chains and the rupture of starch granules during pasting. 相似文献
53.
54.
55.
In vitro cultured shoots of three Chinese poplar species (Populus tomentosa, P. alba cv. Pyramidalis andP. euphratica) and an improved poplar (FS-51), as a control, were exposed to the stress of low osmotic potential, salinity and high pH,
and the shoot growth was measured.P. tomentosa andP. euphratica could grow even under the high osmotic stress (0.5m mannitol; −1.7 MPa).P. euphratica shoots which were previously cultured on the medium containing 0.7m mannitol (−2.4 MPa) recovered its growth after being transplanted to the medium without mannitol. The shoot growth ofP. euphratica was not so reduced even on the medium containing 100 mM NaCl. However, growth of the other poplars markedly reduced with
10 mM NaCl. Medium pH (pH 5.8–10) also did not affect the shoot growth ofP. euphratica. These poplars have different tolerance to the stresses in cultured shootin vitro. P. euphratica was extremely tolerant to the stresses which are possible to damage plants in dry land.
A part of this study was presented at the 104th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society. (1993). 相似文献
56.
Masanao Yokohira Yuko Nakano Nozomi Hashimoto Keiko Yamakawa Fumiko Ninomiya Sosuke Kishi Kousuke Saoo Katsumi Imaida 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(4):257-263
In vivo, nicotine in cigarette smoke induces various effects not only on the
respiratory system but also the central and peripheral nerve systems, circulatory organs and
digestive organs, and there is a possibility of promotion of lung tumorigenesis. The present
experiment was conducted to examine histopathological changes caused by nicotine in the lung
with repeated intratracheal instillation (i.t.). Six-week-old male F344 rats were administered
nicotine by i.t. at doses of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine/rat every 3 weeks beginning at week
4, for up to a total of 9 times and were then sacrificed at week 30. The total number of
administrations, total dose of nicotine and effective number of rats were 9 times, 0.45 mg and
5 rats and 4 times, 0.20 mg and 5 rats for the 0.05 mg nicotine/rat group; 3 times, 0.30 mg and
5 rats and 4 times, 0.40 mg and 3 rats for the 0.1 mg group; and 3 times, 0.60 mg and 3 rats
for the 0.2 mg group, respectively. As a control group, 5 rats were administered 0.2 ml
saline/rat 9 times. Some rats administered 0.1 and 0.2 mg nicotine suffered convulsions just
after administration. Histopathologically, though proliferative changes were not observed,
neutrophil infiltration, edema and fibrosis in the lung were induced by nicotine. In
conclusion, repeated treatment of nicotine promoted neurologic symptoms in the acute phase, and
strong inflammation in the lungs in the chronic phase, even at a low dose. Toxicity of nicotine
is suggested to depend not on total dose of nicotine in the experiment but rather on repeated
injury with consecutive administration. 相似文献
57.
Yokohira M Kuno T Yamakawa K Hashimoto N Ninomiya F Suzuki S Saoo K Imaida K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(1):1-10
It is an urgent priority to establish in vivo bioassays for detection of hazards related to fine particles, which can be inhaled into deep lung tissue by humans. In order to establish an appropriate bioassay for detection of lung damage after particle inhalation, several experiments were performed in rats using quartz as a typical lung toxic particle. The results of pilot experiments suggest that Days 1 and 28 after intratracheal instillation of 2 mg of fine test particles in vehicle are most appropriate for detection of acute and subacute inflammatory changes, respectively. Furthermore, the BrdU incorporation on Day 1 and the iNOS level on Day 28 proved to be suitable end-point markers for this purpose. An examination of the toxicity of a series of particles was performed with the developed bioassay. Although some materials, including nanoparticles, demonstrated toxicity that was too strong for sensitive assessment, a ranking order could be clarified. The bioassay thus appears suitable for rapid hazard identification with a possible ranking of the toxicity of various particles at single concentrations. 相似文献
58.
Ueno S Kurome M Ueda H Tomii R Hiruma K Nagashima H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(3):405-410
Incomplete cytoplasmic maturation of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes has been known to cause microtubule and microfilament alterations, which may result in abnormal pronuclear formation and failed embryonic development. We examined the influences of maturation conditions on meiotic spindle morphology at metaphase of meiosis II (MII) in porcine oocytes. Porcine oocytes were matured under various conditions, i.e., in vitro or in vivo, with different amounts of cumulus cells, with or without hormonal supplements, and with various exposure durations to the hormones, to examine the effects on spindle morphology in MII oocytes by immunofluorescence under confocal laser microscopy. Interpolar spindle length (microm) and spindle area (microm2) were compared among these maturation conditions. The spindle length was significantly shorter in IVM oocytes compared to those matured in vivo. Oocytes collected from cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), which were poor in cumulus cells, showed smaller spindle areas than those from cumulus-rich COCs. The spindle length and area were both significantly reduced in oocytes grown without hormonal supplements. When oocytes were grown with hormonal supplements for either 6 or 22 hours for the first half of culture, there was no difference in the spindle morphology between these oocytes. These results suggested that maturation conditions significantly influence morphogenesis of MII spindles in porcine oocytes. Oocytes matured in poor conditions were more likely to have a shorter spindle length (long axis) and smaller spindle areas. 相似文献
59.
Nobutaka?Someya Masami?Nakajima Ken?Watanabe Tadaaki?Hibi Katsumi?AkutsuEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(5):342-347
Serratia marcescens strain B2 is an antagonistic bacterium that produces the red-pigmented antibiotic prodigiosin and suppresses rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA. Rice sheath blight disease was suppressed when plants were inoculated with this bacterium an hour before pathogen inoculation but not when plants were treated 4 weeks before pathogen inoculation. In both cases the bacteria were detected in the rice rhizosphere 4 weeks after inoculation. Bacteria isolated from the rice plant and rhizosphere inhibited biosynthesis of prodigiosin in S. marcescens strain B2. We suggest that bacteria isolated from rice plants and rhizospheres mediate the suppression of antibiotic production of biological control agents and that such suppression is common under field conditions. 相似文献
60.
Nobutaka Someya Shinichi Numata Masami Nakajima Akira Hasebe Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(6):371-375
Chitinolytic activity of the biocontrol bacterium Serratia marcescens strain B2 was inhibited by bacteria isolated from rice, even though its growth was not affected. Antifungal activity of the strain against Pyricularia oryzae was also reduced under the influence of these bacteria. In contrast, the rice-epiphytic bacterium Erwinia ananas NR1, transformed with chitinase gene chiA derived from strain B2, had high chitinolytic activity regardless of the presence of the bacteria isolated from rice. Therefore, the introduction of an antagonistic factor gene with a promoter from the recipient into the epiphytic bacteria may prove useful in the development of effective biocontrol agents. 相似文献