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91.
Ban Masatoshi Hida Kazuhiro Kuwaki Motoyasu Horanai Tetsuo Ohnuki Tsutomu Oseko Norihisa 《Fisheries Science》2023,89(1):31-40
Fisheries Science - Blue sac disease (BSD) in salmonids results in the abnormal accumulation of ascites fluid and can often lead to mass mortality. However, the symptoms and causes of BSD remain... 相似文献
92.
Keiko Uchida Susumu Takamatsu Sanae Matsuda Kazuhiro So Yukio Sato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):92-100
In 2002, a powdery mildew with catenate conidia lacking fibrosin bodies was found on cucumber in a greenhouse in Kanagawa
Prefecture, Japan. Morphological observation revealed that the fungus belongs to Oidium subgenus Reticuloidium, anamorph of the genus Golovinomyces. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of the rDNA ITS regions and D1/D2 domains of the 28S rDNA indicated
that the fungus belongs to the clade of G. orontii with other Golovinomyces fungi from a wide range of host plants, suggesting that the fungus was newly transported from abroad. Because there has been
no prior report of cucumber powdery mildew caused by Reticuloidium, further research on the physiology, epidemiology, control and resistant cucumber varieties is required. 相似文献
93.
BACKGROUND: Variations in soil properties with depth influence retention and degradation of pesticides. Understanding how soil properties within a profile affect pesticide retention and degradation will result in more accurate prediction by simulation models of pesticide fate and potential groundwater contamination. Metolachlor is more persistent than other acetanilide herbicides in the soil environment and has the potential to leach into groundwater. Reasonably, information is needed about the dissipation and eventual fate of metolachlor in subsoils. The objectives were to evaluate the adsorption and desorption characteristics and to determine the dissipation rates of metolachlor in both surface and subsurface soil samples. RESULTS: Adsorption of metolachlor was greater in the high‐organic‐matter surface soil than in subsoils. Lower adsorption distribution coefficient (Kads) values with increasing depth indicated less adsorption at lower depths and greater leaching potential of metolachlor after passage through the surface horizon. Desorption of metolachlor showed hysteresis, indicated by the higher adsorption slope (1/nads) compared with the desorption slope (1/ndes). Soils that adsorbed more metolachlor also desorbed less metolachlor. Metolachlor dissipation rates generally decreased with increasing soil depth. The first‐order dissipation rate was highest at the 0–50 cm depth (0.140 week?1) and lowest at the 350–425 cm depth (0.005 week?1). Degradation of the herbicide was significantly correlated with microbial activity in soils. CONCLUSION: Metolachlor that has escaped degradation or binding to organic matter at the soil surface might leach into the subsurface soil where it will dissipate slowly and be subject to transport to groundwater. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
94.
Toshiyuki Takai Patrick Lumanglas Daisuke Fujita Kazuhiro Sasaki Njato Michael Rakotoarisoa Yasuhiro Tsujimoto Nobuya Kobayashi Eliza Vie Simon 《Breeding Science》2021,71(5):615
The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m2 than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments. 相似文献
95.
Spake Rebecca Soga Masashi Kawamura Kazuhiro Cooke Robert S. Yamaura Yuichi Eigenbrod Felix 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(5):1055-1071
Landscape Ecology - Functional responses to landscape heterogeneity are context-dependent, hampering the transferability of landscape-scale conservation initiatives. Japan provides a unique... 相似文献
96.
Kazuhiro Shiozaki Momo Shiozaki Junko Masuda Akiko Yamauchi Shuichi Ohwada Toshiki Nakano Toshiyasu Yamaguchi Tadao Saito Koji Muramoto Minoru Sato 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):865-872
Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in the crisis of hypertension. Some peptides that originate from
protease hydrolysates are known to suppress ACE activity in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated whether trypsin hydrolysate
of oyster Crassostrea gigas showed hypotensive activity and ACE inhibition. The hydrolysate significantly suppressed systolic blood pressure and ACE
activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats following a one-shot oral administration and a long-term feeding experiment lasting
9 weeks. Each hydrolysate from oyster tissue showed ACE inhibitory activity, indicating the hypotensive effect was due to
synergism. One potent ACE inhibitory peptide, Asp-Leu-Thr-Asp-Tyr, was identified from the hydrolysate of the striate muscle,
and the peptide exhibited hypotensive activity in vivo. Protease digestion analysis suggested that Asp-Tyr could be the real
effector of this penta-peptide in vivo. 相似文献
97.
Konomi Sakamoto Wataru Honto Masaharu Iguchi Nobuhiro Ogawa Kazuhiro Ura Yasuaki Takagi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(1):91-98
This study examines the following in the Japanese mitten crab: (1) the structure of the exoskeleton with special reference
to its calcification; (2) the progression of post-molt cuticle formation and calcification. In the crab, the structure and
calcification state of the exoskeleton at the molt and during the inter-molt stage were similar to those of other crustaceans.
During the inter-molt, the exoskeleton consisted of four cuticle layers; the outermost epicuticle, the exocuticle, the endocuticle
and the innermost membrane layer. Intense calcification was observed in the exo- and endocuticle. At the molt, the synthesis
of the epi- and exocuticle was already complete, and the addition of the endocuticle began after the molt. Calcification of
the exocuticle initiated soon after the molt, but there was a delay between endocuticle matrix synthesis and calcification.
Histology showed that the process of calcification was similar to that in other crustaceans. However, calcium concentrations
within the exoskeleton continued to increase and never reached the levels of the inter-molt stage at the end of the experiment.
This suggests that the Japanese mitten crab is relatively slow to calcify compared to other crustaceans. 相似文献
98.
Masaharu Komatsu Naoki Ichiyama Takashi Kurimoto Shota Takumi Kazuhiro Shiozaki Yasumasa Sugiyama Tatsuhiko Furukawa Seiichi Ando Saki Itonori Hiroaki Saito 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):313-320
We have previously established the method for isolation of ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP) from jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas. In this study, we performed a MTT assay to evaluate the safety of CAEP to the cell lines for the application to health food and supplements. The CAEP did not show any cytotoxicity to various HEK293-transfectant cells. Next, we elucidated the positive function of CAEP to the somatic cells. Recently, we have reported that hepatotoxin microcystin-LR was taken up into the hepatocytes mediated by hepatocellular uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, and the cells were induced cytotoxicity subsequently. Cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR to permanently OATP1B3-expressing HEK293-OATP1B3 cells rather than to HEK293-OATP1B1 cells was preferentially attenuated by CAEP in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the enzyme activity of serine/threonine phosphatase, which was inhibited by microcystin-LR, was recuperated by co-exposure to CAEP. Furthermore, microcystin-LR-induced cellular protein phosphorylation were disrupted by CAEP exposure. These results suggested that CAEP is a promising remedy and/or preventive medicine for liver damage with microcystin-LR. 相似文献
99.
Mai IIMORI Norihisa TAMURA Kazuhiro SEKI Yoshinori KASASHIMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(2):261
The onset of severe injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is extremely difficult to predict from slight changes in ultrasonographic findings in cases with no apparent clinical signs. This study investigated the relationship between an increased cross-sectional area (CSA) or edema in the subcutaneous tissue around the tendon and the subsequent onset of severe SDFT injury in Thoroughbred racehorses. Horses were classified into three groups based on ultrasound diagnosis (USD) findings: Group A included cases with enlarged tendons; Group B included cases with tendons of normal size but with prominent edema in the peritendinous tissue; and Group C (control group) included cases with no abnormal USD findings. The incidence of subsequent severe tendon injury was significantly higher in the horses in Groups A (25.7%, 28/101) and B (28.3%, 65/212) than in those in Group C (4.9%, 2/41). There were no significant differences in the median period and the median number of races from the first examination to the subsequent tendon injury between Groups A (140 days, 1 race) and B (120 days, 1 race). The results of this study revealed that horses with increased CSA and peritendinous edema are likely to suffer a subsequent severe tendon injury. Also, these two USD findings, i.e., increased CSA and peritendinous edema, indicate the risk of onset of severe SDFT injury. 相似文献
100.
Yasunori SHINOZUKA Naoki SUZUKI Sohei KANEKO Kazuhiro KAWAI Tomomi KURUMISAWA Yuko SHIMIZU Tadashi IMANISHI Ayumu OHNO Mano TAKAHASHI Naoki ISOBE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):310
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of antimicrobial components (immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), and S100A7) in normal milk and their relation to host factors (Age, somatic cell count (SCC), days in milk, richness, and alpha diversity of the milk microbiota) in dairy cows using multivariate regression tree analyses, and to clarify how the milk microbiota is related to the obtained results. Thirty normal milk samples were collected from a commercial dairy farm in June 2020. The thresholds that predicted the concentration of each antimicrobial component in milk were obtained by regression tree analysis, and the beta-diversity of the milk microbiota composition between groups divided according to each threshold was compared by an analysis of similarities test. The IgA and LF concentrations were mainly predicted by the SCC (177,500 and 70,000 cells/ml, respectively), and the LAP and S100A7 concentrations were predicted by Age (29.667 and 40.3 months, respectively). No relationship was observed between the concentration of IgA, LAP, or S100A7 and the milk microbiota composition between the groups divided by the threshold for prediction, but the milk microbiota composition was significantly different between the groups divided by the threshold for predicting the LF concentration. Our results indicated that the LF concentration in normal milk may be associated with the milk microbiota composition. 相似文献