Equilibrium vitrification of mouse embryos at various developmental stages using low concentrations of cryoprotectants     

Juan QIU  Kazutsugu MATSUKAWA  Chihiro KOSHIMOTO  Keisuke EDASHIGE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(2):109

We previously developed a new vitrification method (equilibrium vitrification) by which two-cell mouse embryos can be vitrified in liquid nitrogen in a highly dehydrated/concentrated state using low concentrations of cryoprotectants. In the present study, we examined whether this method is effective for mouse embryos at multiple developmental stages. Four-cell embryos, eight-cell embryos, morulae, and blastocysts were vitrified with EDFS10/10a, 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol and 10% (v/v) DMSO in FSa solution. The FSa solution was PB1 medium containing 30% (w/v) Ficoll PM-70 plus 0.5 M sucrose. The state of dehydration/concentration was assessed by examining the survival of vitrified embryos after storage at –80°C. When four-cell embryos and eight-cell embryos were vitrified with EDFS10/10a in liquid nitrogen and then stored at –80°C, the survival rate was high, even after 28 days, with relatively high developmental ability. On the other hand, the survival of morulae and blastocysts vitrified in liquid nitrogen and stored at –80°C for four days was low. Therefore, morulae and blastocysts cannot be vitrified in a highly dehydrated/concentrated state using the same method as with two-cell embryos. However, when blastocysts were shrunken artificially before vitrification, survival was high after storage at –80°C for four days with high developmental ability. In conclusion, the equilibrium vitrification method using low concentrations of cryoprotectants, which is effective for two-cell mouse embryos, is also useful for embryos at multiple stages. This method enables the convenient transportation of vitrified embryos using dry ice.  相似文献   

Microwave pyrolysis of cellulosic materials for the production of anhydrosugars     

Masakatsu Miura  Harumi Kaga  Takashi Yoshida  Koji Ando 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(6):502-506

Large-scale microwave rapid pyrolysis of cellulosic materials has been investigated. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro--d-glucopyranose) was obtained from a larch log as the main anhydrosugar in 2.6% yield on the basis of dry wood weight. This yield would be much higher than that obtainable by conventional pyrolysis in the largescale reaction. Levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy--D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose) was found to be produced in one-quarter the amount of levoglucosan. Other anhydrosugars, such as mannosan (1,6-anhydro--D-mannopyranose), galactosan (1,6-anhydro--d-galactopyranose), and xylosan (1,4-anhydro--d-xylopyranose), were also confirmed to be produced as minor components depending on the proportion of the monosaccharide content in the larch. When microwave pyrolysis of used papers and filter papers was performed, the yields of levoglucosan were about 6% and 12%, respectively, suggesting that a higher content of cellulose gives a larger amount of levoglucosan.  相似文献   

Development of structural composite products made from bamboo II: fundamental properties of laminated bamboo lumber     

Naresworo Nugroho  Naoto Ando 《Journal of Wood Science》2001,47(3):237-242

This experiment explored the technical feasibility of using bamboo zephyr mat with pre-hot-pressed treatment for the manufacture of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), which is similar in construction to that of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Six LBL boards (made from four-ply bamboo zephyr mats) with approximate dimensions of 2×42× 42cm were fabricated using resorcinol-based adhesive. The experimental design involved three combinations of layered structures (types I, II, and III) and two LBL loading positions (H-beam and V-beam) during the bending test. These materials were then compared to ordinary LVL. Results indicated that the bending properties (moduli of rupture and elasticity) of LBL were comparable to those of LVL, but there was no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties among the three types of LBL beam. Interestingly, orienting the glue line to the vertical direction (V-beam) could maximize the ultimate strength of the LBL.Part of this research was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo. April 1999, and at the Pacific Timber Engineering Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, March 1999  相似文献   

Evaluation of the arrangement of wood strands at the surface of OSB by image analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Nishimura  M. P. Ansell  N. Ando 《Wood Science and Technology》2002,36(1):93-99

 The objective of this paper is to evaluate the arrangement of wood strands at the surface of oriented strand board (OSB) by image analysis. Two-dimensional image analysis enables the number of strands and the area of each strand to be computed. In addition, the fiber direction of each strand may be measured manually by recording the acute angle between the fiber direction and the longitudinal axis of the specimen. The image analysis results suggest the following: the average strand area is proportional to the reciprocal of the number of strands. Samples containing many smaller strands exhibit a larger variation in strand size. The average strand area does not correlate with the distribution of the strand area represented by the coefficient of variation. However, there is a reasonable correlation between the number of smaller strands in the range 0 to 1 cm² and the coefficient of variation of strand area. At low average fiber orientations, i.e. better orientation with the principal panel axis, there is smaller variability in orientation. The upper side and lower side of OSB exhibit a different relationship between average fiber orientation and strand area. The upper side of the specimens contains larger strands and exhibits better fiber orientation than the lower side. This is thought to be a function of the production process. The lower side strands fall on a smooth moving substrate, whereas the upper side strands fall on a stable substrate of strands. The number of strands is lower on the upper side of the OSB panel because small size strands tend to migrate to the lower side of the OSB during production. The small particles tend to be vibrated through the strand mat to the lower face before pressing. Received 29 March 1999  相似文献   

Expansion of dwarf bamboo, Sasa nipponica, grassland under feeding pressure of sika deer, Cervus nippon, on subalpine coniferous forest in central Japan     

Masaki Ando  Akemi Itaya  Shin-Ichi Yamamoto  Ei'ichi Shibata 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(1):51-55

The long-term changes of the area of Sasa nipponica grassland, bark stripping damage to trees by sika deer, Cervus nippon, and sika deer densities on Mt. Ohdaigahara were assessed with aerial photographs, information from previous studies, and field experiments. The grasslands expanded year after year. The expansion rate was highest from 1982 to 1992, and lowest from 1992 to 1997. Bark-stripping damage on coniferous trees was heavier than that on broadleaf trees in both the early 1980s and 1998. The deer density in the eastern part of the area had been high (14.4–64.3 km⁻²) from 1984 until 1998. We presume that rich growth of S. nipponica and heavy feeding pressure by sika deer over the long term caused expansion of S. nipponica grasslands by killing canopy trees by bark stripping and preventing forest regeneration.  相似文献   

Behavior of glucosinolates in pickling cruciferous vegetables     

Suzuki C  Ohnishi-Kameyama M  Sasaki K  Murata T  Yoshida M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(25):9430-9436

Crucifer species, which include widely consumed vegetables, contain glucosinolates as secondary metabolites. Cruciferous vegetables are consumed in Japan in salt-preserved or pickled form as well as cooked and raw fresh vegetables. In this study, changes in contents of glucosinolates during the pickling process were investigated. 4-Methylthio-3-butenyl glucosinolate, a major glucosinolate in the root of Japanese radish, daikon (Raphanus sativus L.), was detected in pickled products with a short maturation period but not in those with a long maturation period. As a model pickling experiment, fresh watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and blanched watercress were soaked in 3% NaCl solution for 7 days. The results showed that the ratio of indole glucosinolates to total glucosinolates increased during the pickling process, whereas total glucosinolates decreased. Myrosinase digestion of glucosinolates in nozawana (Brassica rapa L.) indicated that indole glucosinolates, especially 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, were relatively resistant to the enzyme. The effect of pickling on glucosinolate content and the possible mechanism are discussed in view of degradation by myrosinase and synthetic reaction in response to salt stress or compression during the pickling process.  相似文献   

Carrier rate of Factor XI deficiency in stunted Japanese black cattle     

Watanabe D  Hirano T  Sugimoto Y  Ogata Y  Abe S  Ando T  Ohtsuka H  Kunieda T  Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1251-1255

Blood examinations and genotyping of Factor XI (F11) were performed in growth retardation Japanese Black cattle and their dams. Genotyping of F11 revealed that the recessive homozygous and heterozygous genotype frequencies were 5.2% and 50.0% in the Claudin-16 (CL-16) deficiency group (n=58), 0% and 14.2% in the renal dysplasia group (n=7), 0% and 26.1% in the non-CL-16 deficiency nephritis group (n=23), 8.9% and 46.7% in the hypogenesis syndrome group (n=45), 6.2% and 25.0% in the neonatal weak calf syndrome group (n=32), 9.1% and 38.6% in the respective dams group (n=44), 0% and 23.1% in the normal cattle group (n=13), and 5.9% and 38.2% in total (n=222), respectively. These results showed that the carrier rate of F11 deficiency was high in Japanese Black cattle, and that the CL-16 deficiency, hypogenesis syndrome, neonatal weak calf syndrome, and dams groups had a large amount of recessive homozygous genotype than the other groups. No abnormal bleeding was observed clinically in the present study, and 4 of the recessive homozygous dams showed normal growth and parturition.  相似文献   

Materials science. Seeking room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductors     

Ando K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5782):1883-1885

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Two novel QTLs regulate internode elongation in deepwater rice during the early vegetative stage     

Keisuke Nagai  Takeshi Kuroha  Madoka Ayano  Yusuke Kurokawa  Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim  Jung-Hyun Shim  Hideshi Yasui  Atsushi Yoshimura  Motoyuki Ashikari 《Breeding Science》2012,62(2):178-185

Deepwater rice possesses internode elongation ability to avoid drowning under deepwater conditions. Previous studies identified three QTLs regulating internode elongation ability on chromosomes 1, 3 and 12 using different populations. However, these QTLs only induce internode elongation in response to deepwater conditions from the 7-leaf stage and not during the early leaf stage. In this study, we detected two novel QTLs, qTIL2 and qTIL4 regulating deepwater response at the early leaf stage using an F₂ population derived from the cross between NIL1-3-12 carrying the three QTLs regulating deepwater response in T65 (O. sativa ssp. japonica) genetic background and C9285 (O. sativa ssp. indica, deepwater rice). Plants of the BC₂F₂ population derived from NIL1-3-12/C9285 and the RILs of T65/Bhadua (O. sativa ssp. indica, deepwater rice) possessing these QTLs as well as the three QTLs previously identified also showed internode elongation during the early leaf stage. These results indicate that qTIL2 and qTIL4 regulate early internode elongation and function in coordination with the three major QTLs under deepwater conditions. The results presented here would not only help define the mechanism of deepwater response in rice but also contribute in the breeding of deepwater tolerant rice that is adapted to various water depths.  相似文献   

The secretory pattern and source of immunoreactive prolactin in pregnant African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephants     

Yamamoto Y  Yamamoto T  Yuto N  Hildebrandt TB  Lueders I  Wibbelt G  Shiina O  Mouri Y  Sugimura K  Sakamoto S  Kaewmanee S  Nagaoka K  Watanabe G  Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):105-111

The objective of the present study was to define the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in pregnant African and Asian elephants. Levels of immunoreactive (ir-) PRL in serum and placental homogenates were measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on an ovine and human RIA system, and the localization of ir-PRL in the placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry using anti-human PRL. Circulating ir-PRL clearly showed a biphasic pattern during pregnancy in African and Asian elephants. Serum levels of ir-PRL started to increase from the 4 - 6th month of gestation and reached the first peak level around the 11-14th month. A second peak of circulating ir-PRL levels was observed around the 18-20th month of gestation followed by an abrupt decline after parturition. In contrast, in a case of abortion of an African elephant, the second peak of ir-PRL was not observed, and the levels remained low for about four months until parturition. The weight of the fetus delivered at the 17th month of gestation was 23.5 kg, which was quite small compared with normal fetuses in previous reports. Ir-PRL was detected in placental homogenates, and immunolocalization was observed in trophoblasts in both the African and Asian elephants, indicating that the placenta is the source of ir-PRL during pregnancy in elephants. The present results clearly demonstrated that circulating ir-PRL shows a biphasic pattern during normal pregnancy and that the placenta appears to be an important source of circulating ir-PRL during pregnancy in both African and Asian elephants.  相似文献