Effect of summer heat environment on body temperature,estrous cycles and blood antioxidant levels in Japanese Black cow     

Miki SAKATANI  Ahmed Z. BALBOULA  Kenichi YAMANAKA  Masashi TAKAHASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(5):394-402

This study investigated the effect of summer heat environment on estrous cycles and blood antioxidant levels in Japanese Black cows. A total of 13 non‐lactating Japanese Black cows (summer: 9, winter: 4) were examined. Body temperature was measured rectally and intravaginally using a thermometer and data logger, respectively. Estrous behavior was monitored using a radiotelemetric pedometer that recorded walking activity. Rectal temperatures were higher during summer than winter (P < 0.001). There was an acute increase in vaginal temperature at the onset of estrus during winter but such an increase was not observed during summer. Walking activity during estrus decreased dramatically in the summer compared to the winter. Duration of estrous cycle was longer in summer (23.4 days, P < 0.05) than winter (21.5 days), and the subsequent rise in progesterone concentrations following estrus tended to be delayed in summer. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in peripheral blood cells was higher during summer (P < 0.05), while the levels of superoixde dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione were lower (P < 0.05). These results indicate that high ambient temperature during summer increases both body temperature and oxidative stress, and also reduces signs of estrus in Japanese Black cows.  相似文献   

Ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea in laboratory‐scale activated sludge systems for wastewater of low‐ or high‐ammonium concentration     

Ryu OISHI  Kayako HIROOKA  Kenichi OTAWA  Chika TADA  Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(7):571-576

Ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is known as ammonia‐oxidizer in wastewater treatment systems. However, ammonia‐oxidizing Archaea (AOA) is found from various environments, including wastewater treatment systems. In this study, to investigate the relationships between AOA population and ammonia concentration, AOA was monitored in two laboratory‐scale reactors treating artificial wastewater of different ammonium concentrations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis targeting ammonia monooxygenase genes. At day 60 of the operation, AOA populations dominant in each reactor differed, suggesting the importance of influent ammonia concentration in dominant AOA selection.  相似文献   

Measurement for canine IgE using canine recombinant high affinity IgE receptor α chain (FcεRIα)     

Tsukui T  Sakaguchi M  Kurata K  Maeda S  Ohmori K  Masuda K  Tsujimoto H  Iwabuchi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):851-856

To detect allergen-specific IgE in dogs with allergic diseases, we developed a recombinant canine high affinity IgE receptor α chain (FcεRIα)-based IgE detection system. Using the recombinant protein of canine FcεRIα expressed by an Escherichia coli expression system, we could detect house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) allergen-specific IgE in sera from dogs naturally and experimentally sensitized to this allergen with ELISA and western blotting. The IgE binding activity of recombinant canine FcεRIα on ELISA was impaired by heat treatment of these sera. The specificity of this recombinant canine FcεRIα-based IgE detection system was confirmed by inhibition assays with canine IgE. The recombinant canine FcεRIα-based IgE detection system established in this study offers an alternative tool to measure allergen-specific IgE in dogs.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning of canine activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) cDNA and its expression in normal tissues     

Ohmori K  Maeda S  Okayama T  Masuda K  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(6):739-741

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential for class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation, and gene conversion of immunoglobulin gene. In the present study, canine AID cDNA was cloned from the lymph node of a healthy dog by RT-PCR with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The canine AID cDNA was 1,377 bp in length, and contained the entire open reading frame encoding 198 amino acids which had 94.9%, 94.4%, and 89.9% homology with human, mouse, and chicken homologues, respectively. Canine AID mRNA was expressed in thymus, lung, spleen, kidney, small intestine, lymph node, and tonsil of a healthy dog, similar to humans.  相似文献   

Characterization of an antibacterial substance produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erwinia carotovora</Emphasis> subsp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">carotovora</Emphasis> Ecc 32     

Sang-Tae?Seo  Naruto?FuruyaEmail author  Kazuhiro?Iiyama  Minoru?Takeshita  Yoichi?Takanami  Kenichi?Tsuchiya  Chun-Keun?Lim 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(5):273-277

A total of 88 strains of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) isolated from various host plants in several geographic regions were screened for production of antibacterial substances using the same strains as indicators. Of the 88 strains, 72 produced antibacterial substances. One of these 72 strains, a Brazilian strain Ecc 32, produced an antibacterial substance active against all tested Ecc strains on TSA medium. The antibacterial spectrum of the compound from Ecc 32 strain was limited to closely related strains of soft-rot Erwinia species. Such a narrow spectrum of activity is typical of bacteriocins. The compound produced by Ecc 32 strain, however, was resistant to some enzymes and detergents. Moreover, the compound was heat-stable and active over a wide pH range. The physical characteristics of the compound were not in agreement with those of bacteriocin or carotovoricin.  相似文献   

Development of a sensitive ELISA using three monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharides to detect <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthomonas campestris</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">vesicatoria</Emphasis>, the causal agent of bacterial spot of tomato and pepper     

Kenichi?TsuchiyaEmail author  Christophe C.M.?d’Ursel 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(1):21-26

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge 1920) Dye 1978 (Xcv), is responsible for severe production losses in tomato and pepper. Three specific monoclonal antibodies (MABs), 7AH10, 5HB3, and 4AD2, which are reactive to lipopolysaccharides of the bacteria, were tested in three kinds of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The most sensitive ELISA was a competitive one able to detect populations of Xcv as low as 10³–10⁴cfu/ml. Bacterial growth in artificially inoculated tomato and pepper plants could be successfully monitored, and assays on field-collected samples reconfirmed the diagnostic utility of the MABs. Studies on the accessibility of the MABs to their lipopolysaccharide epitopes confirmed that sample preparation can be improved to further increase the sensitivity of the assay. Immunoblotting of differential extracts of the bacterial cells and immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the epitopes were present throughout the cell wall and involved in complexes that can be loosened through the action of proteinase K or lysozyme.  相似文献   

Antigen-specific enhancements of CD80 mRNA expression in experimentally sensitized dogs with Japanese cedar pollen     

Yasunaga S  Masuda K  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):295-300

CD80, CD86, CD28 and Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are well-known co-stimulatory molecules that form the major co-stimulatory pathway essential for full activation of T cells. To investigate their role in pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, 12 dogs were sensitized experimentally to Japanese cedar pollen antigen (CPAg) as models of allergic diseases in dogs. After sensitization, lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) was carried out to evaluate reactivity to CPAg, and semi-quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of CPAg-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to evaluate the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. As a result, CPAg-specific enhancements of CD80 expression were detected in all sensitized dogs. Furthermore, two different kinetics of its enhancements according to the blastgenic responses to CPAg were also observed. Expression of CD28, CTLA-4 and CD86 were suppressed following CPAg-stimulation. The result of the present study indicated the potential role of the CD28-CD80 co-stimulation pathway in pathogenesis of allergic diseases in dogs.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic relationships of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains from Asia and other continents based on 16S rDNA, endoglucanase, and hrpB gene sequences     

Joselito E. Villa  Kenichi Tsuchiya  Mitsuo Horita  Marina Natural  Nenita Opina  Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(1):39-46

The 16S rDNA, endoglucanase, and hrpB genes were partially sequenced for Asian strains of Ralstonia solanacearum spp. complex, including 31 strains of R. solanacearum and two strains each of the blood disease bacterium (BDB) and Pseudomonas syzygii. Additional sequences homologous to these DNA regions, deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases were included in the analysis. Various levels of polymorphisms were observed in each of these DNA regions. The highest polymorphism (approximately 25%) was found in the endoglucanase gene sequence. The hrpB sequence had about 22% poly-morphism. The phylogenetic analysis consistently divided the strains into four clusters, as distinctly shown on the phylogenetic trees of 16S rDNA, hrpB gene, and endo-glucanase gene sequences. Cluster 1 contained all strains from Asia, which belong to biovars 3, 4, 5, and N2. Cluster 2 comprised the Asian strains of R. solanacearum (as biovars N2 and 1) isolated from potato and clove, as well as BDB and P. syzygii. Cluster 3 contained race 3 biovar 2 strains from potato, race 2 biovar 1 strains from banana, and race 1 biovar 1 strains isolated from America, Asia, and other parts of the world. Cluster 4 was exclusively composed of African strains. The results of the study showed the distribution and diversity of the Asian strains, which are present in three of the four clusters. The similarity of Asian strains to those in the other regions was also observed.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AY464950 to AY465050  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for identifying carriers of hemophilia A in Japanese brown cattle     

Maryam KHALAJ  Abdol Rahim ABBASI  Takehito TSUJI  Yasuo MORITOMO  Kenichi SHIMOJO  Tetsuo KUNIEDA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(1):122-125

Hemophilia A is a severe congenital bleeding disorder characterized by subcutaneous hematoma and hemorrhage into muscles resulting from a deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII. The authors have recently reported two cases of hemophilia A in Japanese Brown cattle and identified a nucleotide substitution in the factor VIII gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of Leu to His, as a possible cause of the deficiency. In the present study, a simple and effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based diagnostic method was developed to identify carriers of this disorder, using a mismatch primer in combination with restriction enzyme digestion. The PCR reaction amplified a 118 bp fragment, which was not digested by the BspT104I restriction enzyme in affected animals but was digested into two fragments in normal animals. Both digested and undigested fragments were observed in carrier animals. This method was applied to identify the carriers of hemophilia A in a population of Japanese Brown cattle. By screening 155 DNA samples from Japanese Brown cattle, except for the dam of the two probands, no carriers were identified. It was therefore concluded that the probands represent isolated cases of hemophilia A, and that the frequency of the mutant allele in the Japanese Brown cattle population is very low.  相似文献   

Isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus from Japanese black cattle in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, 2000     

Sakamoto K  Kanno T  Yamakawa M  Yoshida K  Yamazoe R  Murakami Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(1):91-94

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