Microperforated leaf blotting on polyvinylidene difluoride and nylon membranes to analyze spatial distribution of endogenous and viral gene expression in plant leaves     

Taiki Murakami  Ryou Tayama  Kenji S. Nakahara 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(5):254-260

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Seed size and chloroplast DNA of modern and ancient seeds explain the establishment of Japanese cultivated melon (Cucumis melo L.) by introduction and selection     

Katsunori Tanaka  Chris J. Stevens  Shiho Iwasaki  Yukari Akashi  Etsuyo Yamamoto  Tran Phuong Dung  Hidetaka Nishida  Dorian Q. Fuller  Kenji Kato 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(7):1237-1254

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Psycho-educational Horseback Riding to Facilitate Communication Ability of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders     

Hiromi KEINO  Atsushi FUNAHASHI  Hiroomi KEINO  Chihiro MIWA  Masanori HOSOKAWA  Yoshihiro HAYASHI  Kenji KAWAKITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2009,20(4):79-88

In this study, we applied a novel psycho-educational horseback riding (PEHR) program to the treatment of four Japanese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in order to facilitate the acquisition of verbal and nonverbal communication skills. The behavioral changes in each child were evaluated using a psychological and behavioral scale. The scale for evaluating the effect of Human-Equips-Interaction on Mental activity (HEIM scale) was designed to assess the behavioral improvement of children based on the following 10 items: Human relationships, Imitation, Emotional expression, Sudden physical movement, Fixative behavior, Adaptation to change, Visual response, Fear or nervousness, and Verbal and nonverbal communication. After taking part in the PEHR program for several months, all subjects showed remarkably improved HEIM scores and marked improvements were observed in eye contact with others (instructors, side walkers, and leaders) in the riding area. A statistical difference was found in items 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9. However, no statistical difference was found in items 4, 5, and 10. As the program progressed, the children showed enhanced verbal and nonverbal communication skills, and became more expressive in their emotional and empathetic interaction with their parents. These observations suggest that the normal functioning of pleasurable emotions and empathy may facilitate further improvements in joint attention, imitation and empathy, and may result in successful verbal expression by PDD children. Therefore, horseback riding can play a very important role in the psycho-educational support required for the communication ability of PDD children.  相似文献   

Microbiota analysis of Caspian Sea yogurt, a ropy fermented milk circulated in Japan     

Kenji UCHIDA  Keiko AKASHI  Hidemasa MOTOSHIMA  Tadasu URASHIMA  Ikichi ARAI  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(2):187-192

We analyzed the microbiota of domestic ropy fermented milk, Caspian Sea yogurt (or 'kasupikai yohguruto' in Japanese), circulated in Japan. We collected six varieties from five localities. Lactococcus ( L) lactis ssp. cremoris was isolated from all samples as the dominant strain at levels of 10⁸−10⁹ CFU/g. We show this strain produces an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) that causes the unique characteristic viscosity of the product. From analysis of the RAPD pattern of 60 bacterial isolates from the six samples, we found that 59 strains from a total of 60 isolates were identical and produced this viscosity. Furthermore, PFGE analysis of representative strains from each sample indicated that the isolates could be classified into four subgroups. This suggests these L. lactis ssp. cremoris strains found in Caspian Sea yogurt may have been slightly mutated during subculture in Japan. In addition, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei ssp. sakei were isolated from three samples; L. plantarum , Gluconoacetobacter sacchari and Acetobacter aceti were isolated from two samples; and L. paracasei , L. kefiri , Leuconostoc ( Leu. ) mesenteroides were isolated from one sample.  相似文献   

Emphysematous cystitis in a chemically-induced diabetic dog     

Matsuo S  Hayashi S  Watanabe T  Adachi K  Miyoshi A  Kato A  Suzuki M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(4):289-292

Emphysematous cystitis is a rare disorder caused by bacterial infection and characterized by gas accumulation within the bladder wall with cyst formation. This report describes the histopathological characteristics of emphysematous cystitis found in a diabetic female beagle induced by streptozotocin and alloxan. Macroscopically, multiple cyst-like structures were observed on the cut surface of the urinary mucosa. During fixation, small specimens cut from the mucosa floated on the surface of the fixative solution. Histopathologically, multiple cysts were lined with a single layer of flattened cells found to be immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, partially positive for α-smooth muscle actin or macrophage scavenger receptor, class A, and thought to be myofibroblasts, fibroblasts or macrophages. Multinucleated giant cells were observed around the cysts, and gram-negative short bacilli were observed in the lumen of the urinary bladder. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as emphysematous cystitis.  相似文献   

Characterization of genes for novel thaumatin-like proteins in Cryptomeria japonica     

Futamura N  Tani N  Tsumura Y  Nakajima N  Sakaguchi M  Shinohara K 《Tree physiology》2006,26(1):51-62

Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are induced by a variety of phytopathogens in many plants and several TLPs are allergenic. Previously, we isolated three TLP-encoding cDNAs (Cry j 3.1, Cry j 3.2 and Cry j 3.3) from a cDNA library derived from the pollen of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. Here, we describe three new TLP cDNAs (Cry j 3.4, Cry j 3.5 and Cry j 3.6). We compared the sequences, the genetic map location and the expression patterns of the Cry j 3 genes. The amino acid sequence predicted from Cry j 3.5 exhibits only limited similarity to those predicted from the other Cry j 3 genes. Linkage analysis showed that the Cry j 3.1 to Cry j 3.4 genes are located in the same linkage group, but Cry j 3.5 is located in a different group. Organ-specificity and induction by stresses and plant hormones differed among the Cry j 3 mRNAs. In pollen grains, the Cry j 3.5 mRNA expression level was higher than that of the other Cry j 3 genes. Exposure to UV-B and salt stress induced expression of Cry j 3.1. The ethylene-releasing compound ethephon strongly induced expression of Cry j 3.4. Salt stress and salicylic acid also induced expression of Cry j 3.4. Abscisic acid weakly induced expression of Cry j 3.5. Arachidonic acid strongly induced expression of Cry j 3.4 and Cry j 3.6, and weakly induced that of Cry j 3.3, whereas expression of Cry j 3.1 and Cry j 3.5 was unaffected. These results suggest that the roles of TLPs and the cascades that regulate their expression differ among the members of the TLP family in C. japonica.  相似文献   

Thermo characteristics of steam-exploded bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) lignin     

Shunliu Shao  Zhenfu Jin  Guifeng Wen  Kenji Iiyama 《Wood Science and Technology》2009,43(7-8):643-652

Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) internode was subjected to steam explosion treatment to produce an excellent fiber for binderless boards. Lignin was isolated from extract-free bamboo meal with Björkman’s procedure and steam-exploded pulp. The self binding-mechanism was discussed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and analytical ozonation. It is well-known that steam explosion treatment liberates lignin from the cell wall to the fiber surface, which is the most important component relevant to binderless board production. Results of TG and DSC analyses showed that steam-exploded bamboo pulp started mass loss at lower temperature compared to bamboo internode meal. The thermal softening temperature of lignin prepared from steam-exploded pulp was much lower than that of lignin prepared from extract-free bamboo meal. This suggests that intermonomer linkages of lignin, especially β-aryl-ether linkage which is the major intermonomer linkage of lignin, were cleaved during steam explosion treatment resulting in low molecular weight phenolic compounds. The cleavage of β-aryl-ether intermonomer linkage of lignin was also confirmed by ozonation analysis.  相似文献   

Sooty spot of kiwifruit caused by Pseudocercospora actinidiae Deighton     

Kenji Kikuhara  Chiharu Nakashima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):185-187

Leaf spots on the lower leaf surface and sunken spots on the fruit of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis) were found in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The observed fungus was identified as Pseudocercospora actinidiae Deighton. We propose the name sooty spot of kiwifruit (“susuhan-byo” in Japanese) as a new disease fullfilling Koch’s postulates.  相似文献   

Identification of leptin gene polymorphisms associated with carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Fuki Kawaguchi  Kazuki Okura  Kenji Oyama  Hideyuki Mannen  Shinji Sasazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):433-438

Previous studies have indicated that some leptin gene polymorphisms were associated with economically important traits in cattle breeds. However, polymorphisms in the leptin gene have not been reported thus far in Japanese Black cattle. Here, we aimed to identify the leptin gene polymorphisms which are associated with carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle. We sequenced the full‐length coding sequence of leptin gene for eight Japanese Black cattle. Sequence comparison revealed eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three of these were predicted to cause amino acid substitutions: Y7F, R25C and A80V. Then, we genotyped these SNPs in two populations (JB1 with 560 animals and JB2 with 450 animals) and investigated the effects on the traits. Y7F in JB1 and A80V in JB2 were excluded from statistical analysis because the minor allele frequencies were low (< 0.1). Association analysis revealed that Y7F had a significant effect on the dressed carcass weight in JB2; R25C had a significant effect on C18:0 and C14:1 in JB1 and JB2, respectively; and A80V had a significant effect on C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, monounsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid in JB1. The results suggested that these SNPs could be used as an effective marker for the improvement of Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Solute diffusion into cell walls in solution-impregnated wood under conditioning process III: effect of relative humidity schedule on solute diffusion into shrinking cell walls     

Soichi Tanaka  Masako Seki  Tsunehisa Miki  Kenji Umemura  Kozo Kanayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(3):263-270

This study has focused on solute diffusing into cell walls in solution-impregnated wood under conditioning, process of evaporating solvent. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the RH- (relative humidity-) schedule that promotes the solute diffusion into shrinking cell walls during conditioning. The wood samples impregnated with a 20 mass% aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG1540) was conditioned with a temperature of 40?°C to the equilibrium point at the RH where the samples swelled maximally. The samples were subsequently conditioned at 40?°C under the schedules including four ways of RH-decrease steps where the cell walls shrunk. The amount of solute (PEGs) diffused into cell walls during the conditioning logarithmically increased with increasing the number of the RH-decrease steps. This was well explained by the theoretical model that describes the solute diffusion into shrinking cell walls. It is clarified from the model that the RH, or moisture content of the sample, should be decreased as gradually as possible to increase the total amount of diffused solute into shrinking cell walls, and that the amount of diffused solute is smaller for the lower moisture content. The model also suggests that effect of change in RH schedule on change in total amount of diffused solute does not depend on solute diffusivity in the sample under drying in a vacuum over phosphorous pentoxide, and that impregnated wood should be conditioned under natural convection rather than forced convection for promoting the diffusion into shrinking cell walls.  相似文献