Utilization of sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid for manufacturing of particleboard II: influences of pressing temperature and time on particleboard properties     

Sukma Surya Kusumah  Kenji Umemura  Ikhsan Guswenrivo  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura  Kozo Kanayama 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(2):161-172

Development of environmentally friendly particleboard made from sweet sorghum bagasse and citric acid has recently attracted attention. In this study, we investigated the effects of pressing temperature and time on physical properties, such as dry bending (DB), internal bond strength (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of particleboard. Wet bending (WB), screw-holding power (SH), biological durability, and formaldehyde emission of particleboard manufactured under effective pressing temperature and time were also evaluated. Particleboards bonded with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and polymeric 4,4′-methylenediphenyl isocyanate (pMDI) were manufactured as references. Effective pressing temperature and time were 200?°C and 10 min, respectively. It was clarified that DB, IB, and TS satisfied the type 18 requirements of the JIS A 5908 (2003), and were comparable to those of particleboard bonded with PF and pMDI. The WB and SH of particleboard did not satisfy type 18 of JIS. Particleboard manufactured under effective pressing conditions had good biological durability and low formaldehyde emission. Based on the results of infrared spectra measurement, the degree of ester linkages increased with increased pressing temperature and time.  相似文献   

Effect of high molecular weight carbohydrates on bud cell formation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> in potato dextrose broth     

Kenji Yokota  Takuma Teraoka  Yoshimasa Tsujii  Hirofumi Suzuki  Keiichi Murakami  Eitaro Miwa  Kyoko Higuchi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(3):219-224

Potato dextrose broth (PDB), one of the most popular culture media for fungi, can be made in the laboratory from potato extract and glucose (handmade PDB) and also bought as powder (commercial PDB). We compared growth of Fusarium oxysporum in handmade and commercial PDBs. For seven strains tested, bud cell formation and fungal biomass were higher in handmade PDB than in commercial PDB. Gel filtration analyses revealed that handmade PDB contained carbohydrates with molecular weights >20 MDa, while most carbohydrates in commercial PDB were <45 kDa. Freshly prepared, raw potato starch had a molecular weight >20 MDa and enhanced bud cell formation by five of seven strains when added to commercial PDB. The addition of glucose to commercial PDB promoted biomass production but not bud cell formation. Furthermore, in a semisynthetic medium containing raw potato starch, bud cell formation was enhanced for all strains tested. These results indicate that the high molecular carbohydrates present in raw potatoes enhanced bud cell formation by Fusarium oxysporum.  相似文献   

Azimuthal variations of sap flux density within Japanese cypress xylem trunks and their effects on tree transpiration estimates     

Kenji Tsuruta  Tomonori Kume  Hikaru Komatsu  Naoko Higashi  Toshihiro Umebayashi  Tomo’omi Kumagai  Kyoichi Otsuki 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(6):398-403

Sap flow techniques are practical tools for estimating tree transpiration. Though many previous studies using sap flow techniques did not consider azimuthal variations of sap flux density (F _d) on xylem trunk to estimate tree transpiration, a few studies reported that ignoring the azimuthal variations in F _d could cause large errors in tree transpiration estimates for some tree species. Therefore, examining azimuthal variations in F _d for major plantation tree species is critical for estimating tree transpiration. Using the thermal dissipation method, we examined azimuthal variations in F _d in six trees of Japanese cypress Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl., which is one of the most common plantation tree species in Japan. We recorded considerable variations among F _d at four different azimuthal directions. The F _d value for one aspect was more than 100% larger than those for the other aspects. We calculated differences between tree transpiration estimates based on F _d for one to three azimuthal directions and those based on F _d for four aspects. The differences relative to tree transpiration estimates based on F _d for four aspects were typically 30, 20, and 10% in accordance with the F _d for one, two, and three measurement aspects, respectively. This finding indicates that ignoring azimuthal variations could cause large errors in tree transpiration estimates for Japanese cypress.  相似文献   

Carbon nanotubes with temperature-invariant viscoelasticity from -196 degrees to 1000 degrees C     

Xu M  Futaba DN  Yamada T  Yumura M  Hata K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6009):1364-1368

Viscoelasticity describes the ability of a material to possess both elasticity and viscosity. Viscoelastic materials, such as rubbers, possess a limited operational temperature range (for example, for silicone rubber it is -55° to 300°C), above which the material breaks down and below which the material undergoes a glass transition and hardens. We created a viscoelastic material composed from a random network of long interconnected carbon nanotubes that exhibited an operational temperature range from -196° to 1000°C. The storage and loss moduli, frequency stability, reversible deformation level, and fatigue resistance were invariant from -140° to 600°C. We interpret that the thermal stability stems from energy dissipation through the zipping and unzipping of carbon nanotubes at contacts.  相似文献   

Effects of glucose and amino acids on ghrelin secretion in sheep     

Toshihisa SUGINO  Yuko KAWAKITA  Rika FUKUMORI  Yoshihisa HASEGAWA  Masayasu KOJIMA  Kenji KANGAWA  Taketo OBITSU  Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):199-204

Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the effects of post‐ruminal administration of starch and casein (Exp. 1), plasma amino acids concentrations (Exp. 2), and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (Exp. 2) on plasma ghrelin concentrations in sheep. In Exp. 1, plasma ghrelin concentrations were determined by four infusion treatments (water, cornstarch, casein and cornstarch plus casein) in four wethers. Abomasal infusion of casein increased plasma α‐amino N (AAN) concentrations. Infusion of starch or casein alone did not affect plasma ghrelin concentrations, but starch plus casein infusion increased plasma levels of ghrelin, glucose and AAN. In Exp 2, we investigated the effects of saline or amino acids on ghrelin secretion in four wethers. Two hours after the initiation of saline or amino acid infusion into the jugular vein, glucose was also continuously infused to investigate the effects of blood glucose and insulin by hyper‐glycemic clump on plasma ghrelin concentrations. Infusion of amino acids alone raised plasma levels of ghrelin, but the higher plasma glucose and insulin concentrations had no effect on plasma ghrelin concentrations. These results suggest that high plasma levels of amino acids can stimulate ghrelin secretion, but glucose and insulin do not affect ghrelin secretion in sheep.  相似文献   

Development of Novel Water-extraction System with Thermoelectric Module Using Solar and Wind Power in Arid Land     

HAYASHI Tsutomu  TAGAWA Kotaro  TANAKA Kenji  MORITA Yasunari 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2010,17(4):37-42

This study aimed to develop a water-extraction system which could produce the fresh water from the air in arid regions and which used renewable energies as the electric power source. In this paper, the experiments for water extraction from the air were carried out by using the novel multi-stage water-extraction device with Peltier deices for two cases of temperature and related humidity of the air. One was the case where the temperature and the related humidity of the air were constant, and the other was the case where they were simulated the variation of the temperature and related humidity of the air in a day of summer and spring in Loess Plateau, China. The effects of the temperature and related humidity of the atmospheric air and supply the electric power to Peltier devices on performance of water production of the device were investigated and reported.  相似文献   

Energy partitioning in cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)          下载免费PDF全文

Takayuki Ohnishi  Amal Biswas  Kohshi Kaminaka  Takahiro Nakao  Masashi Nakajima  Noboru Sakakibara  Kenji Takii 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(7):2040-2049

The characteristics of dietary utilization, energy conversion efficiency, metabolic rate and energy partitioning were measured for cultured Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) juveniles fed on an artificial diet. Thirty‐one juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g BW) were stocked into each of two 2500 L tanks to measure oxygen consumption (?O₂), swimming speed, digestibility and growth performance. ?O₂ elevated until 2.5 ± 0.3 times of pre‐feeding level within 1.5 h after feeding, except for the first feeding, and returned to pre‐feeding level within 3 h. Swimming speed fluctuation was corresponded with the ?O₂ fluctuation, and both parameters were stable from 02:00 to 06:00 and also during the whole day for starved fish. These indicate that feeding has strong influence on their metabolic rate. Energy partitioning for faecal, urinary and branchial, heat increment and voluntary activity, standard metabolism, and retained energy were calculated to be 17.2%, 5.9%, 14.9%, 41.3% and 20.7% of total ingested energy, respectively. The results indicate that, unlike other fish, juvenile PBT distribute large amount of energy for maintenance, which allows only a little proportion of ingested energy available for growth.  相似文献   

Comparison of key aroma compounds in five different types of Japanese soy sauces by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA)     

Kaneko S  Kumazawa K  Nishimura O 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(15):3831-3836

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Origin of waxy common millet, Panicum miliaceum L. in Japan     

Mie Araki  Aya Numaoka  Makoto Kawase  Kenji Fukunaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(7):1303-1308

We developed PCR-based markers for genotyping Waxy genes in common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and proposed a new hypothesis on the origin and dispersal of waxy type of Japanese landraces. I₂-K staining indicated that almost all the Japanese landraces had waxy endosperm. Based on the PCR and dCAPs analyses of two waxy loci on different genomes we concluded that there were at least two possible lineages in Asian continent that had independent dispersal pathways into Japan. Most Japanese common millet had the similar genotypes with those in Korean Peninsula but a few particularly from northern part of Japan had common genotypes in northeastern China and Primorskaya Province of Russia.  相似文献   

Neutropenia associated with osteomyelitis due to Hepatozoon canis infection in a dog     

Shimokawa Miyama T  Umeki S  Baba K  Sada K  Hiraoka H  Endo Y  Inokuma H  Hisasue M  Okuda M  Mizuno T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(10):1389-1393

A 4-year-old, intact male Shiba dog was referred to Yamaguchi University Animal Medical Center, Yamaguchi, Japan, for the following complaints: anorexia, lethargy, intermittent fever, gingival bleeding and abdominal purpura. The dog presented with persistent neutropenia. Histopathological examination of a bone marrow sample revealed round to oval structures that resembled Hepatozoon micromerozoites and formed a "wheel-spoke" pattern. Furthermore, mature neutrophils were observed around these structures. PCR and sequencing using bone marrow aspirate confirmed Hepatozoon canis (H. canis) infection. These findings suggest that the neutropenia observed in this case was associated with osteomyelitis due to H. canis infection. This is the first report of neutropenia associated with H. canis infection. H. canis infection can be included in the differential diagnosis in canine cases of neutropenia in areas where the disease is endemic.  相似文献