Biochar and crop residue application to soil: effect on soil biochemical properties,nutrient availability and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Sudeshna Bhattacharjya  Ramesh Chandra  Navneet Pareek  Kiran. P. Raverkar 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(8):1095-1108

In the recent past, biochar and crop residues have attracted lots of attention as a viable strategy for maintaining soil health. This paper evaluates the comparative effect of two different doses (equivalent to 2 and 5 t C ha^?1) of each of pine needle and Lantana biochar (PBC and LBC), wheat residue and lentil residue (WR and LR) on soil biological properties, nutrient availability and yield of rice and wheat in pot culture. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed higher C content of biochar than crop residues. Evaluation of biochemical quality reflected high recalcitrance indices of C and N for both PBC and LBC. Application of LBC and PBC increased the wheat grain yield significantly by 6.2%–24.2% over control. Both PBC and LBC significantly increased N and P uptakes in grain over the control and crop residues. Both biochars recorded a significant decrease of 33.9 and 71,7% in β-glucosidase activity in comparison to control at termination of study. PBC and LBC also resulted in more soil available N, P and K in soil at different intervals. The geometric mean of enzyme activities (GMea) reflected improved soil quality by PBC and LR and reduction by LBC application.  相似文献   

Effect of two-component cultivar mixtures on development of wheat yellow rust disease in the field and greenhouse in the Nepal Himalayas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bhim Chaulagain  Gopal Bahadur Khatri Chhetri  Sundar Man Shrestha  Sarala Sharma  Dipak Sharma-Poudyal  Jay Ram Lamichhane 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(3):131-139

Wheat yellow rust (WYR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is a major disease of wheat, and deployment of a single cultivar often leads to disease epidemics. Effect of inoculum level, foliar fungicide spray, and wheat cultivar mixtures were evaluated on disease development in the field and greenhouse in Nepal. Treatments were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications in both experiments. Two inoculum levels of PST (low and high) were main plot factors; nontreated control and foliar spray of fungicides (Mancozeb and Bayleton) were subplot factors; and two-component cultivar mixtures, composed of different ratios of a susceptible (S) and a resistant (R) cultivars (90:10, 80:20, and 50:50, 100:0, and 0:100) were sub–subplot factors. WYR severity was assessed at different time intervals, and disease development was calculated as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Inoculum level did not cause significant differences in AUDPC in the field but did in the greenhouse. Foliar spray of fungicides reduced the AUDPC in the greenhouse and field. In both experiments, AUDPC values were low in cultivar mixtures compared with a pure stand of a susceptible cultivar. As the proportion of resistant cultivar increased compared with the susceptible cultivar in the S:R mixture component, disease severity decreased with a consequent increase in grain yield. The greater yield obtained with cultivar mixtures compared with only the susceptible cultivar, independent of inoculum level and fungicide spray in the field, revealed a promising strategy to manage WYR in Nepal.  相似文献   

Evaluation of actinomycete isolates obtained from herbal vermicompost for the biological control of Fusarium wilt of chickpea     

Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan  Suresh PandeMamta Sharma  Pagidi HumayunBandru Keerthi Kiran  Dasyam SandeepMeesala Sree Vidya  Kanala DeepthiOm Rupela 《Crop Protection》2011,30(8):1070-1078

A total of 137 actinomycetes cultures, isolated from 25 different herbal vermicomposts, were characterized for their antagonistic potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) by dual-culture assay. Of the isolates, five most promising FOC antagonistic isolates (CAI-24, CAI-121, CAI-127, KAI-32 and KAI-90) were characterized for the production of siderophore, cellulase, protease, hydrocyanic acid (HCN), indole acetic acid (IAA) and antagonistic potential against Rhizoctonia bataticola, which causes dry root rot in chickpea (three strains viz. RB-6, RB-24 and RB-115) and sorghum (one strain). All of the five FOC antagonistic isolates produced siderophore and HCN, four of them (except KAI-90) produced IAA, KAI-32 and KAI-90 produced cellulase and CAI-24 and CAI-127 produced protease. In the dual-culture assay, three of the isolates, CAI-24, KAI-32 and KAI-90, also inhibited all three strains of R. bataticola in chickpea, while two of them (KAI-32 and KAI-90) inhibited the tested strain in sorghum. When the FOC antagonistic isolates were evaluated further for their antagonistic potential in the greenhouse and wilt-sick field conditions on chickpea, 45-76% and 4-19% reduction of disease incidence were observed, respectively compared to the control. The sequences of 16S rDNA gene of the isolates CAI-24, CAI-121, CAI-127, KAI-32 and KAI-90 were matched with Streptomyces tsusimaensis, Streptomyces caviscabies, Streptomyces setonii, Streptomyces africanus and an identified species of Streptomyces, respectively using the BLAST searching. This study indicated that the selected actinomycete isolates have the potential for biological control of Fusarium wilt disease in chickpea.  相似文献   

Genetic dissection of root architectural traits by QTL and genome‐wide association mapping in rapeseed (Brassica napus)     

Aysha Kiran  Abdul Wakeel  Rod Snowdon  Wolfgang Friedt 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(2):184-192

Variation in root architecture is essential for the adaptation of plants to target environments. A non‐destructive gel‐based mini‐rhizotron system was used for root architecture trait phenotyping. This system has facilitated the visualization of root architectural traits in large genotype collection of rapeseed including 94 double haploid (DH) lines from “Express617” x “V8” and 439 inbred lines (ASSYST diversity set). A high‐density Express617‐V8 linkage map was used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification in DH population based on standard composite interval mapping. 6K SNPs were analysed for association mapping of root traits in ASSYST diversity set. A large variation, broad segregation and medium–low heritability of root architectural traits, primary root length and growth rate, lateral root number, lateral root length and lateral root density, were observed. In the double haploid population, 11 QTL regions, and in the diversity set, 38 significant marker–trait associations were detected. Significant marker–trait associations proved that these are quantitatively inherited traits controlled by multiple genes which revealed to proceed for genetic improvement and selection of rapeseed lines with improved root system.  相似文献   

Differential Expression Pattern Of MADS Box Genes in Floral Whorls of Garcinia indica     

Patil  Reshma V.  Pawar  Kiran D. 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2019,22(4):363-369

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Flower formation is one of the main developmental stages in the life cycle of flowering plants that can be used as a model system to elucidate the...  相似文献   

The use of piperonyl butoxide and MGK-264 to improve the efficacy of some plant-derived molluscicides     

Kiran Singh  Ajay Singh  D. K. Singh 《Pest management science》1998,54(2):145-149

Synergism of an oil of Azadirachta indica, a powdered extract of Allium sativum bulbs and an oleoresin of Zingiber officinale rhizomes by piperonyl butoxide and MGK-264 was studied against the snails Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus. The active components of these plant-derived molluscicides, respectively azadirachtin, allicin and [6]gingerol, were also combined with these synergists. Both piperonyl butoxide and MGK-264 enhanced the toxicity of all of the test compounds. The response of snails to the synergised mixtures was both time- and dose-dependent. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Morphological and molecular analyses of Rosa damascena × R. bourboniana interspecific hybrids     

Kiran Kaul  S. KarthigeyanD. Dhyani  Navtej KaurR.K. Sharma  P.S. Ahuja 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Rosa damascena Mill is the most important scented rose species cultivated for rose oil production. Rosa bourboniana L. (Edward rose), a related species, is popular on account of its longer blooming period and ease of propagation. With an aim to combine the oil quality of R. damascena and recurrent flowering habit of R. bourboniana, two cultivars (Jwala and Himroz) of R. damascena were crossed with R. bourboniana. The F1 hybrids obtained were evaluated using morphological, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite (SSR) markers. Twenty-two selected RAPD and three SSR primer pairs were utilized for hybrid identification. According to presence or absence of bands RAPD and SSR markers were classified into seven types of markers. The bands specific for the pollen parent and occurring in the hybrids were good markers to confirm the hybridity. The non-parental bands expressing uniquely in hybrids were effective in distinguishing the hybrids from each other. Cluster analysis, based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient using unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic mean (UPGMA), reliably discriminated the hybrids into two main clusters. These results indicate the practical usefulness of RAPD and SSR markers in hybrid identification in scented roses. The approach is advantageous for its rapidity and simplicity, for identification of hybrids at the juvenile stage. One of the studied morphological traits – prickle density, can also complement in the identification of interspecific hybrids between R. damscena (♀) and R. bourboniana (♂).  相似文献   

Review on fabrication and applications of ultrafine particles from animal protein fibres     

Kiran Patil  Rangam Rajkhowa  Xungai Wang  Tong Lin 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(2):187-194

Protein fibre wastes from animal hairs, feathers and insect secreted filaments can be aptly utilized by converting them into ultra-fine particles. Particles from animal protein fibres present large surface-to-weight ratio and significantly enhanced surface reactivity, that have opened up novel applications in both textile and non-textile fields. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art routes to fabricate ultrafine particles from animal protein fibres, including direct route of mechanical milling of fibres and indirect route from fibre proteins. Ongoing research trends in novel applications of protein fibre particles in various fields, such as biomedical science, environmental protection and composite structures are presented.  相似文献   

Medical Student Electives in Wilderness Medicine: Curriculum Guidelines     

Stephanie A. Lareau  Michael J. Caudell  Kiran B. Pandit  Brian C. Hiestand 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(4):474-480

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Effects of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of human serum lipids     

Ahuja KD  Kunde DA  Ball MJ  Geraghty DP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(17):6436-6439

The oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to be the initiating factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The active ingredients of spices such as chili and turmeric (capsaicin and curcumin, respectively) have been shown to reduce the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. One of the techniques used to study the oxidation of LDL is to isolate LDL and subject it to metal-induced (copper or iron) oxidation. However, whole serum may represent a closer situation to in vivo conditions than using isolated LDL. We investigated the effects of different concentrations (0.1-3 microM) of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin on copper-induced oxidation of serum lipoproteins. The lag time (before initiation of oxidation) and rate of oxidation (slope of propagation phase) were calculated. The lag time increased, and the rate of oxidation decreased with increasing concentrations of the tested antioxidants (p < 0.05). A 50% increase in lag time (from control) was observed at concentrations between 0.5 and 0.7 microM for capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and curcumin. This study shows that oxidation of serum lipids is reduced by capsaicinoids and curcumin in a concentration-dependent manner.  相似文献