Improvement of Preimplantation Development of In Vitro-Fertilized Bovine Zygotes by Glucose Supplementation to a Chemically Defined Medium     

Nobutada SAKAGAMI  Osamu NISHINO  Satoshi ADACHI  Hidenobu UMEKI  Hiroko UCHIYAMA  Kyoko ICHIKAWA  Kazuhisa TAKESHITA  Etsushi KANEKO  Kiyoshi AKIYAMA  Shuji KOBAYASHI  Hiromichi TAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(10):1403-1405

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Carbon source and trophic position of pelagic fish in coastal waters of south-eastern Izu Peninsula,Japan, identified by stable isotope analysis     

Noriyuki Takai  Noriyuki Hirose  Takuya Osawa  Kazuyuki Hagiwara  Takahito Kojima  Yuji Okazaki  Tomohiro Kuwae  Toru Taniuchi  Kiyoshi Yoshihara 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):593-608

ABSTRACT:   It is important to clarify trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems for management of the fishing ground. Organic carbon sources and trophic position of pelagic fishes in the coastal waters of the south-eastern Izu Peninsula, Japan, were examined on the basis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope distributions. The δ¹³C of the fishes was mostly distributed from −19 to −16‰ for nektonic fishes (13 species of adults and immatures) and planktonic fishes (10 species of larvae and juveniles), close to the δ¹³C values of particulate organic matter and planktonic decapods. These δ¹³C signatures for the inhabitants of the water column were in contrast with the high δ¹³C values (mainly −16 to −13‰) for demersal fishes of Scorpaeniformes and benthic polychaetes collected in the surf zone. These results indicate that nektonic and planktonic fishes depend on phytoplankton for carbon supply. The δ¹⁵N signatures suggest that the trophic position ranged 3.1–4.5 for the nektonic fishes and 2.9–3.7 for the planktonic fishes, premised on trophic level 3 for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus . Thus, planktivorous fishes should be mainly assigned to trophic levels 3 and 4 in this area.  相似文献   

Effects of Aeration, Alum Treatment, Liming, and Organic Matter Application on Phosphorus Exchange between Soil and Water in Aquaculture Ponds at Auburn, Alabama   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Kiyoshi  Masuda Claude E.  Boyd 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(3):405-416

Application of readily-oxidizable organic substrate to laboratory soil-water systems and fish ponds caused anaerobic conditions in bottom soil and water, and concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) increased. Aeration of ponds increased total phosphorus (TP) concentrations by suspending soil particles in the water, but SRP concentrations declined because of increased oxy- genation of bottom water and soil, Alum [Al₂(SO₄)₃·14H₂O] treatment of ponds reduced SRP and TP concentrations in ponds, but the low concentration of alum used, 20 mg/L, had little residual effect on phosphorus concentration. Application of agricultural limestone at 0.2 kg/m² to ponds with soil pH of 5.5 and Ca²⁺ concentration of 5 mg/L did not affect SRP and TP concentration. Unless pond soils were anaerobic at their surfaces, a condition not acceptable in thermally-unstratified fish ponds, soils released little phosphorus to the water. Strong adsorption of phosphorus by soils in intensive ponds with feeding is beneficial, because removal of phosphorus by aerobic soils is a control on excessive phytoplankton growth. In fertilized ponds, phosphorus must be applied at frequent intervals to replace phosphorus removed from the water by soils.  相似文献   

Localization of Eimeripain,an Eimeria tenella Cathepsin B-Like Cysteine Protease,during Asexual and Sexual Intracellular Development in Chicken Ceca     

Makoto MATSUBAYASHI  Takeshi HATTA  Takeharu MIYOSHI  ANISUZZAMAN  Kazumi SASAI  Kayoko YAMAJI  Kameo SHIMURA  Takashi ISOBE  Kiyoshi KITA  Naotoshi TSUJI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(4):531-537

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Anti-inflammatory and Intestinal Barrier–protective Activities of Commensal Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in Thoroughbreds: Role of Probiotics in Diarrhea Prevention in Neonatal Thoroughbreds     

Soichi TANABE  Takuya SUZUKI  Yuichiro WASANO  Fumihiko NAKAJIMA  Hiroshi KAWASAKI  Tomonori TSUDA  Natsuko NAGAMINE  Takashi TSURUMACHI  Kiyoshi SUGAYA  Hiroaki AKITA  Misako TAKAGI  Kuniaki TAKAGI  Yoshinobu INOUE  Yo ASAI  Hidetoshi MORITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2014,25(2):37-43

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Increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity of grazing Japanese Black heifers and cows in forestland in Japan     

Satoshi Haga  Hiroshi Ishizaki  Miwa Nakano  Seiji Nakao  Kiyoshi Hirano  Yoshito Yamamoto  Miya Kitagawa  Hiroyuki Sasaki  Yoshihiro Kariya 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(2):135-142

Blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has become a key bio‐marker for animal health. Forest‐grazing cattle are known to forage various native plants that have high TAC. This study evaluated differences of plasma TAC between forest‐grazing (FG) and pasture‐grazing cattle (PG). Experiment 1 monitored the plasma TAC levels of 32 Japanese Black cattle. The level in PG did not change throughout the grazing period. However, that in FG, which increased from summer, was significantly higher than that in PG through fall (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we used nine Japanese Black heifers and investigated their blood antioxidant parameters and the TAC in plants that the cattle consumed in late June and September. The plasma TAC levels in FG were significantly higher than those in PG in both periods (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in FG tended to be lower than that in PG (P = 0.098). Furthermore, the TAC levels in various species of shrubs and trees consumed by FG were higher than those in pasture grasses. Results of this study show that plasma TAC of grazing Japanese Black cattle in forestland increase from summer through fall.  相似文献   

Radiocarbon Content in Urban Atmospheric Aerosols     

Katsuyuki Takahashi  Motohiro Hirabayashi  Kiyoshi Tanabe  Yasuyuki Shibata  Masataka Nishikawa  Kazuhiko Sakamoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,185(1-4):305-310

We attempted to elucidate seasonal variations in fossil-fuel-derived carbon (FC) and biomass-derived carbon (BC) in urban atmospheric aerosols. We undertook continuous measurements of the composition of fine particle (PM_2.1) in central Tokyo, including the ¹⁴C/¹²C ratio. The percent modern carbon (pMC) contained in all samples averaged 43, and the highest was 54 in late December and the lowest was 31 in early August. From the observed carbonaceous component concentrations and the pMC we could calculate the content ratio of FC and BC in PM_2.1 and investigate their seasonal variations. Although there was almost no seasonal variation in the ratio of FC, the ratio of BC was observed to rise in early winter. This indicates that FC is influenced by the emission sources without seasonal variations (such as automobiles driven in urban areas). Furthermore, there is significant correlation between BC and organic carbon (OC), and even for urban areas, it is considered that the contribution of biomass carbon to OC in PM_2.1 is high.  相似文献   

Investigation on pistachio distribution in the mountain regions of northeast Iran by ALOS     

Hadi Fadaei  Tetsuro Sakai  Kiyoshi Torii 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(3):393-399

Iran supports five different vegetation zones. One of those is the Irano-Touranian zone that is located in the northeast of Iran. This vegetation zone includes arid and semi-arid lands, and its area is about 3.5 million hm². It supports growth of pistachio (Pistacia vera), a deciduous-broadleaved species, which is one of the ecologically and economically most important native species. In this study, we analyzed three images acquired by ALOS satellite, including 10m resolution multispectral band (AVNIR-2), 2.5 m resolution “Backward” PRISM image, and 2.5 m resolution “Nadir” PRISM image, based on a provided rational polynomial coefficient (RPC). Using the “Backward” and “Nadir” images, a 2.5 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was produced. Four methods with AVNIR-2 and PRISM data were used to produce pan-sharpening images and conduct an object-based feature extraction process. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to determine the maximum distribution of pistachio in related elevation. The accuracy of the DEM was tested on 28 ground control points in the pair image as tie points, with the value of parallax error of 0.9027 m. The created elevation map indicated that pistachio trees grow up at 650m above sea level (a.s.l.). The result from NDVI in the related elevation showed the maximum density of pistachio at 800m a.s.l. In addition, the result of feature extraction in the forest showed the area of each target element calculated. The results of this research will improve decision-making and lead to sustainable management in general.  相似文献   

Functional MRI of macaque monkeys performing a cognitive set-shifting task     

Nakahara K  Hayashi T  Konishi S  Miyashita Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5559):1532-1536

Functional brain organization of macaque monkeys and humans was directly compared by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects of both species performed a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test that required behavioral flexibility in the form of cognitive set shifting. Equivalent visual stimuli and task sequence were used for the two species. We found transient activation related to cognitive set shifting in focal regions of prefrontal cortex in both monkeys and humans. These functional homologs were located in cytoarchitectonically equivalent regions in the posterior part of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. This comparative imaging provides insights into the evolution of cognition in primates.  相似文献   

Effects of growth and dietary crude protein level until first insemination on milk production during first lactation in Holstein heifers     

Takashige ISHII  Kenji KAWASHIMA  Haruo ORIBE  Hiromi UEDA  Toshiya HASUNUMA  Kiyoshi AKIYAMA  Hirofumi NAKAYAMA  Mitsunori KURIHARA  Fuminori TERADA  Shiro KUSHIBIKI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(6):741-746

To decrease the age at first calving in Holsteins, the effects of average daily body weight gain (ADG) and crude protein (CP) level until first insemination on growth performance and milk production were examined. The MM group had a target ADG of 0.75 kg and received a diet with a CP level of 14%. The HM and HH groups had a target ADG of 1 kg; both these groups received a diet with CP levels 14% and 16%, respectively. The ADG in the HM and HH groups was 1.1 kg, whereas in the MM group it was 0.97 kg (P < 0.01). The HM and HH groups showed no differences in withers height at body weight 350 kg. The ages at first calving in MM, HM and HH groups were 23.1, 21.0 and 21.8 months, respectively. The HM and HH groups had lower milk yield at day 305 than the MM group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that growth performance until first insemination should be maintained at an ADG of 0.97 kg or less with a CP level of approximately 14%, to shorten time until first insemination and prevent the decrease of milk yield.  相似文献