Treatment of rupture of suspensory ligament and superficial flexor tendon in a bull     

DR NELSON  SK KNELLER  DD MARTIN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):244-246

Rupture of the suspensory ligament at the insertions on the proximal sesamoid bones, and of the superficial flexor tendon of the left fore limb, occurred in an adult Angus bull as a result of fighting. There was severe hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint with the dewclaws almost touching the ground. Radiographs revealed severe hyper-extension of the MCP joint with the sesamoid bones aligned directly distal to the metacarpus. Initially, a full length fiberglass cast was applied with the limb partially flexed within the cast and the heels elevated. The cast was replaced twice. The cast was removed after 136 days and the bull was bearing full weight on the limb. Prolonged immobilisation of the limb produced new bone in the area (a normal response in cattle) to cause ankylosis of the traumatized MCP joint and partial ankylosis of the carpus. The bull was being used for pasture breeding one year after the injury.  相似文献   

Growth and reproduction of the vermicomposting earthwormPerionyx excavatus as influenced by food materials     

M. C. Manna  M. Singh  S. Kundu  A. K. Tripathi  P. N. Takkar 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,24(1):129-132

An outdoor study was undertaken using polyethylene containers to assess the suitability of different organic residues, soybean straw (Glycine max L. Merril.), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), maize stover (Zea mays L.), chickpea straw (citer arietinum L.) and city garbage, as food for the tropical epigeic earthwormPerionyx excavatus, and to assess the influence of this earthworm on the decomposition of these materials. Maize stover was found to be the most suitable of the food materials used. Population growth ofP. excavatus was enhanced by addition of these organic materials in the temperature range 24°-30°C, while the population was adversely affected above 30°C in a vermiculture system. Addition of earthworms accelerated the breakdown of residues, which ultimately resulted in a lowering of the C:N ratio, water-soluble carbon and carbohydrates, and increased ash percentage and cation exchange capacity compared with their respective controls.  相似文献   

不同年代大豆品种(系)根系生长动态的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王智权  谢甫绨  王海英  丁雪丽  谢志涛  张惠君 《辽宁农业科学》2006,(4):9-12

不同年代大豆品种根干重积累动态可以用Logistic曲线方程进行模拟。在不同施肥水平下,根干重最大增长速率及出现的时间和平均增长速率有所不同。根干重最大增长速率出现的时间,中国当代品种、美国当代品种及中国20世纪20年代的品种间差异不显著,各品种间差异及施肥处理间差异也不显著。根干重最大增长速率,中国当代、美国当代及中国20世纪20年代的品种间差异不显著,各品种间差异也不显著,施肥处理间差异显著。平均增长速率,中国当代、美国当代及中国20年代的品种间差异显著,各品种间及施肥处理间差异也显著。不同施肥水平、不同生育时期,中国当代品种与美国当代品种根干重都比中国20年代品种大。  相似文献   

Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy     

Egan DF  Shackelford DB  Mihaylova MM  Gelino S  Kohnz RA  Mair W  Vasquez DS  Joshi A  Gwinn DM  Taylor R  Asara JM  Fitzpatrick J  Dillin A  Viollet B  Kundu M  Hansen M  Shaw RJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6016):456-461

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved sensor of intracellular energy activated in response to low nutrient availability and environmental stress. In a screen for conserved substrates of AMPK, we identified ULK1 and ULK2, mammalian orthologs of the yeast protein kinase Atg1, which is required for autophagy. Genetic analysis of AMPK or ULK1 in mammalian liver and Caenorhabditis elegans revealed a requirement for these kinases in autophagy. In mammals, loss of AMPK or ULK1 resulted in aberrant accumulation of the autophagy adaptor p62 and defective mitophagy. Reconstitution of ULK1-deficient cells with a mutant ULK1 that cannot be phosphorylated by AMPK revealed that such phosphorylation is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival during starvation. These findings uncover a conserved biochemical mechanism coupling nutrient status with autophagy and cell survival.  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration and relationship between carbon addition and storage under rainfed soybean–wheat rotation in a sandy loam soil of the Indian Himalayas     

S. Kundu  Ranjan Bhattacharyya  Ved Prakash  B.N. Ghosh  H.S. Gupta 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,92(1-2):87-95

Soil organic matter (SOM) contributes to the productivity and physical properties of soils. Although crop productivity is sustained mainly through the application of organic manure in the Indian Himalayas, no information is available on the effects of long-term manure addition along with mineral fertilizers on C sequestration and the contribution of total C input towards soil organic C (SOC) storage. We analyzed results of a long-term experiment, initiated in 1973 on a sandy loam soil under rainfed conditions to determine the influence of different combinations of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer + farmyard manure (FYM) at 10 Mg ha⁻¹ on SOC content and its changes in the 0–45 cm soil depth. Concentration of SOC increased 40 and 70% in the NPK + FYM-treated plots as compared to NPK (43.1 Mg C ha⁻¹) and unfertilized control plots (35.5 Mg C ha⁻¹), respectively. Average annual contribution of C input from soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was 29% and that from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Emend. Flori and Paol) was 24% of the harvestable above-ground biomass yield. Annual gross C input and annual rate of total SOC enrichment were 4852 and 900 kg C ha⁻¹, respectively, for the plots under NPK + FYM. It was estimated that 19% of the gross C input contributed towards the increase in SOC content. C loss from native SOM during 30 years averaged 61 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The estimated quantity of biomass C required to maintain equilibrium SOM content was 321 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The total annual C input by the soybean–wheat rotation in the plots under unfertilized control was 890 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Thus, increase in SOC concentration under long-term (30 years) rainfed soybean–wheat cropping was due to the fact that annual C input by the system was higher than the required amount to maintaining equilibrium SOM content.  相似文献   

The experimental production of big liver and spleen disease in broiler breeder hens     

SK CRERAR  GM CROSS 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(12):414-417

SUMMARY Big liver and spleen disease (BLS) was reproduced experimentally by intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration of BLS inocula to susceptible broiler breeder hens 34 to 36 weeks of age. Serological and pathological signs of BLS similar to those seen in the natural disease occurred in inoculated and in-contact birds. Splenomegaly was the earliest and often the only necropsy finding, with hepatomegaly and kidney enlargement occurring in some birds later in the course of the disease. After IV administration, serum antigen was detected between 2 and 4 weeks, and antibody between 3 and 5 weeks. After PO administration, antigen was detected between 2 and 4 weeks, and antibody between 3 and 6 weeks. Antibody persisted in all birds to the end of the experiment (6 weeks), and horizontal transmission probably occurred since in-contact birds developed BLS. Liver probably contained the highest concentration of BLS agent because it had the highest infectivity.  相似文献   

The Effects of the Periodical Use of In-feed Chlortetracycline on the Reproductive Performance of Gilts and Sows of a Commercial Pig Farm with a History of Clinical and Subclinical Viral and Bacterial Infections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C Alexopoulos  GC Fthenakis  A Burriel  E Bourtzi-Hatzopoulou  SK Kritas  A Sbiraki  SC Kyriakis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(3):187-192

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of in‐feed chlortetracycline (CTC) as a measure of preventing or minimizing infectious problems of reproductive failure in gilts and sows. In a farm of 400 Large White × Landrace gilts and sows with a clinical history of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) virus, the animals were treated with CTC. Treatment consisted of 10 g CTC sow/day for 15 days every 3 months. It improved the health status of sows by decreasing post‐farrowing clinical mastitis and vaginal discharges, abortions, return‐to‐oestrus and irregular return‐to‐oestrus rates. These beneficial effects had a positive impact on the performance of the litter. More piglets were born live and weaned. These positive effects improved with repeated use of CTC. The serological evidence of PRRS virus, Leptospira spp. and Chlamydia spp. and the subsequent beneficial use of the antimicrobial agent indicate that reproductive failure, possibly resulting from the bacterial agents can be controlled with in‐feed use of broad spectrum antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Effect of Copper Oxide Nano Particle on Seed Germination of Selected Crops     

Tapan Adhikari  Samaresh Kundu  Ashis Kumar Biswas  Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar  Anangi Subba Rao 《农业科学与技术》2012,(6):815-823

  相似文献   

Effect of Incorporation of Additives in Tris‐Based Egg Yolk Extender on Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Sperm Tyrosine Phosphorylation During Cryopreservation     

R Kumar  SK Atreja 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(3):485-490

Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on sperm protein is a known indicator of capacitation and a major intracellular signalling event. There is evidence that sperm cryopreservation promotes tyrosine phosphorylation and is associated with reduced fertility of spermatozoa. Under this study, cryoprotective role of different additives namely taurine, trehalose, catalase and 4‐bromophenacyl bromide on buffalo sperm quality was evaluated. Buffalo semen was cryopreserved in tris‐based egg yolk extender supplemented with additives like taurine (50 mm ) or trehalose (100 mm ) or 4‐bromophenacyl bromide (200 μm ) or catalase (100 U/ml) and used for assessment of levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in frozen‐thawed spermatozoa. The results obtained were compared with the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation of semen cryopreserved in tris‐based egg yolk extender without additives. Proteins were extracted from a total number of nine ejaculates from three individual buffalo bulls chosen at random and analysed for tyrosine phospho‐proteins using SDS–PAGE followed by immunoblotting. Monoclonal anti‐phosphotyrosine antibody (Clone pT‐154) was used as primary antibody followed by treatment with HRP‐conjugated secondary antibody. Signals were detected on X‐ray film using chemiluminescence. Nine proteins (p20, p30, p32, p38, p49, p56, p59, p72 and p86) were found to be tyrosine phosphorylated in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Supplementation of additives significantly (p<0.05) reduced the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in spermatozoa. Moreover, this study showed improved (p<0.05) post‐thaw motility, viability and membrane integrity of spermatozoa on addition of these additives. The results obtained clearly indicate reduced level of capacitation like changes on supplementation of additives in terms of protein tyrosine phosphorylation.  相似文献   

Oxygen Concentration and Cysteamine Supplementation During In vitro Production of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Affect mRNA Expression of BCL‐2, BCL‐XL,MCL‐1, BAX and BID     

G Elamaran  KP Singh  MK Singh  SK Singla  MS Chauhan  RS Manik  P Palta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):1027-1036

This study examined the effects of O₂ concentration (5% vs 20%) during in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) or supplementation of IVM and IVC media with cysteamine (50 and 100 μm , respectively; IVM, IVF and IVC carried out in 20% O₂), on blastocyst rate and relative mRNA abundance of some apoptosis‐related genes measured by real‐time qPCR in immature and in vitro‐matured buffalo oocytes and in embryos at 2‐, 4‐, 8‐ to 16‐cell, morula and blastocyst stages. The blastocyst rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) while the percentage of TUNEL‐positive cells was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O₂ than that under 20% O₂. The mRNA expression of anti‐apoptotic genes BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of pro‐apoptotic genes BAX and BID was lower (p < 0.05) under 5% O₂ than that under 20% O₂ concentration at many embryonic stages. Following cysteamine supplementation, the blastocyst rate and the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐XL and MCL‐1 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and that of BAX but not BID was lower (p < 0.05) at many stages of embryonic development, although it did not affect the percentage of TUNEL positive cells in the blastocysts significantly. The mRNA expression pattern of these genes during embryonic development was different in 5% vs 20% O₂ groups and in cysteamine supplemented vs controls. At the 8‐ to 16‐cell stage, where developmental block occurs in buffalo, the relative mRNA abundance of BCL‐2 and MCL‐1 was highest under 5% O₂ concentration and that of BAX and BID was highest (p < 0.05) under 20% O₂ concentration. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms through which beneficial effects of low O₂ concentration and cysteamine supplementation are mediated during in vitro embryo production is through an increase in the expression of anti‐apoptotic and a decrease in the expression of pro‐apoptotic genes.  相似文献