Pharmacological mechanisms of black cohosh in Sprague-Dawley rats     

Einbond LS  Soffritti M  Esposti DD  Wu HA  Tibaldi E  Lauriola M  He K  Park T  Su T  Huggins L  Wang X  Roller M  Brennan R 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):461-468

Background

Studies indicate that extracts and purified components from black cohosh inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells, but the molecular targets and signaling pathways have not yet been defined.

Purpose

This study examines the pharmacological mechanisms and toxicological effects in the short term of the herb black cohosh on female Sprague–Dawley rats.

Materials and methods

To assess effects on gene activity and lipid content, we treated female Sprague–Dawley rats with an extract of black cohosh enriched in triterpene glycosides (27%) at 35.7 or 0 mg/kg. Four animals for each group were sacrificed at 1, 6 and 24 h after treatment; liver tissue and serum samples were obtained for gene expression and lipid analysis.

Results

Microarray analysis of rat liver tissue indicated that black cohosh markedly downregulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes. Phospholipid biosynthesis and remodeling, PI3-Kinase and sphingosine signaling were upregulated, driven largely by an upregulation of several isoforms of phospholipase C. Hierarchical clustering indicated that black cohosh clustered with antiproliferative compounds, specifically tubulin binding vinca alkaloids and DNA alkylators. In support of this, black cohosh repressed the expression of cyclin D1 and ID3, and inhibited the proliferation of HepG2, p53 positive, liver cancer cells. Black cohosh reduced the level of free fatty acids at 6 and 24 h and triglycerides at 6 h in the serum, but increased the free fatty acid and triglyceride content of the treated livers at 24 h.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that black cohosh warrants further study for breast cancer prevention and therapy.  相似文献   

Effect of medetomidine-butorphanol and dexmedetomidine-butorphanol combinations on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs     

Rauser P  Pfeifr J  Proks P  Stehlík L 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(3):301-305

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of intravenous (IV) medetomidine-butorphanol and IV dexmedetomidine-butorphanol on intraocular pressure (IOP).Study designProspective, randomized, blinded clinical study.AnimalsForty healthy dogs. Mean ± SD body mass 37.6 ± 6.6 kg and age 1.9 ± 1.3 years.MethodsDogs were allocated randomly to receive an IV combination of dexmedetomidine, 0.3 mg m^?2, combined with butorphanol, 6 mg m^?2, (group DEX) or medetomidine 0.3 mg m^?2, combined with butorphanol 6 mg m^?2, (group MED). IOP and pulse (PR) and respiratory (f_R) rates were measured prior to (baseline) and at 10 (T10), 20 (T20), 30 (T30) and 40 (T40) minutes after drug administration. Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO₂) was monitored following sedation. Data were analyzed by anova followed by Dunnett's tests for multiple comparisons. Changes were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsFollowing drug administration, PR and f_R were decreased significantly at all time points but did not differ significantly between groups. Baseline IOP in mmHg was 14 ± 2 for DEX and 13 ± 2 for MED. With both treatments, at T10, IOP increased significantly (p < 0.001), reaching 20 ± 3 and 17 ± 2 for DEX and MED respectively. This value for DEX was significantly higher than for MED. There were no significant differences in IOP values between groups at any other time points. At T30 and T40, IOP in both groups was below baseline (DEX, 12 ± 2 and 11 ± 2: MED 12 ± 2 and 11 ± 2) and this was statistically significant, for DEX.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt the documented doses, both sedative combinations induced a transient increase and subsequent decrease of IOP relative to baseline, which must be taken into consideration when planning sedation of animals in which marked changes in IOP would be undesirable.  相似文献   

THE OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE     

Roller D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1936,83(2141):36-38

  相似文献   

Considering landscape connectivity and gene flow in the Anthropocene using complementary landscape genetics and habitat modelling approaches     

Klinga  Peter  Mikoláš  Martin  Smolko  Peter  Tejkal  Martin  Höglund  Jacob  Paule  Ladislav 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(3):521-536

Landscape Ecology - A comprehensive understanding of how rapidly changing environments affect species gene flow is critical for mitigating future biodiversity losses. While recent methodological...  相似文献   

Pollen sterility induced by ethrel and its utilization in hybridization of wheat     

Ladislav Dotlacil  Marie Apltauerová 《Euphytica》1978,27(2):353-360

Summary In 1974 and 1975 gametocidal effects of Ethrel were investigated under field conditions in the spring wheat cv. Zlatka. In experimental plants grain setting per spikelet and ear as well as ability to be cross-pollinated were ascertained.As compared with the control, treated variants achieved more than 90% sterility. Female fertility was not affected and cross-pollination was possible. Genetical check showed that the best variants, when cross-pollinated, produced 50–55% hybrids; grain setting, however, was brought down by more than 37%. As a result of Ethrel treatment haulm length was reduced and the vegetation period was somewhat prolonged.  相似文献   

Bayesian modelling suggests that the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus,Linnaeus 1758) population is ageing in the middle Danube River     

Maroš Kubala  Martin Farský  Tibor Krajč  Ladislav Pekárik 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(3):469-479

1. In the past, sturgeons played an important role in commercial and recreational fisheries in the Danube River and its tributaries. Human impacts in the Danube River Basin coupled with exploitation of sturgeon stocks led to all species being either locally extinct, critically endangered or of unknown status.
2. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus, Linnaeus 1758) is the last known sturgeon species occurring in the upper and middle Danube; however, the population of this species is considered unbalanced and decreasing since the beginning of the twenty-first century.
3. The decline of sturgeon stocks has been noted before owing to their economic importance. With commercial fisheries being forbidden in the Slovak section of the Danube River, there is generally no information available about the status of what is considered a local population.
4. Databases containing recreational catch of sterlet (2003–2018) and historical records of commercial harvest (1961–1990) were used to describe the trend in the weight and number of sterlet caught over the following years.
5. Modelling indicated that the number of fish caught each year appears to be lower, while the average weight of each individual is increasing. This might suggest that the population is ageing.
6. Although older individuals can contribute a great deal more to spawning because they produce a greater number of eggs, several problems are apparent. The number of spawners might be decreasing as a result of bycatch or fishing, their ability to spawn might be obstructed, or annual recruitment may fail owing to unpredictable events.
7. Although restocking programmes are in place to help maintain the sterlet population in the Danube River, their efficiency seems to be drastically low. In fact, restocking could be of little value unless studies on the availability of key habitats are conducted and their protection and restoration are ensured.

  相似文献   

Ammonia autointoxication of common carp: case studies     

Zdeňka Svobodová  Jana Máchová  Hana Kroupová  Miriam Smutná  Ladislav Groch 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):277-286

Three case studies of ammonia autointoxication of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) are described. In the first case, carp yearlings with a full digestive tract were transferred during the growing period from pond water (22°C) to tap water (17°C). In the second case, marketable carp were transferred from the fishing ground of a pond (18°C) to a storage pond (10–12°C). Harvest was performed in late September when the fish were still ingesting natural feed. In the third case, marketable carp after storage for 1 month were transferred to storage ponds with markedly lower water temperature. Stress because of harvest and handling also occurred in this case. In all cases, highly increased concentrations of ammonia were found in the blood plasma of the fish (mean ± SD 1760 ± 350 μmol L⁻¹ in the first case, 870 ± 540 μmol L⁻¹ in the second case, and 880 ± 150 μmol L⁻¹ in the third case). Highly congested, dark-red coloured, oedematous gills were observed for all specimens. We can avoid similar cases of ammonia autointoxication by protection of fish from sudden changes of temperature during rearing, harvesting, and handling.  相似文献   

Colonization of chemical factory wastes by soil nematodes     

Ladislav Hn l 《Pedobiologia》2004,48(4):647-381

Soil nematodes were studied in 39- and 49-year-old “red” dumps mainly composed of Fe₂O₃ waste pyrite remnants from production of sulphuric and other acids, and in a 84-year-old “white” dump mainly composed of CaCO₃ material from soda production. The youngest stage of spontaneous biological succession contained moss–lichen patches which were mainly inhabited by bacterivorous nematodes (Acrobeloides nanus, Panagrolaimus rigidus, Rhabditis terricola, Bursilla monhystera) in very low abundance (about 50×10³ ind m⁻²). Invasion of grass resulted in increase of bacterivorous nematodes up to several millions  ind m⁻² but with considerable seasonal fluctuations. Nematode assemblages diversified in sites colonized by various deciduous trees and Paratylenchus straeleni was the dominant plant parasitic nematode. In site with stabilized grass carpet on the “white” dump dominant nematodes were Geocenamus quadrifer and Pungentus engadinensis. Eudorylaimus spp. first appeared in 49-year-old dump but their populations remained very low (1–9×10³ ind m⁻²). Some species found in control deciduous forests on natural soils (e.g. Xenocriconemella macrodora, Cephalenchus hexalineatus, Tylolaimophorus minor, Ogma menzeli, Hoplotylus femina) did not colonize deposits. Natural succession of nematodes on chemical waste materials was very slow and even after about 80 years their communities under deciduous trees showed many differences from those in nearby semi-natural mixed forests.  相似文献   

Short term pharmacological immobilization in macaque monkeys     

Votava M  Hess L  Schreiberová J  Málek J  Stein K 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(5):490-493

ObjectiveTo develop a safe and effective immobilization protocol in rhesus monkeys, which is not based on dissociative anaesthetic agent.Study designProspective, randomised, experimental trial.AnimalsTwenty rhesus monkeys, weighing 2.6–8.0 kg, 1–3 years of age, of both sexes.MethodsThe monkeys received 50 μg kg^?1 medetomidine, 0.25 mg kg^?1 midazolam and 5 μg kg^?1 fentanyl with 150 IU hyaluronidase intramuscularly (IM). The animals were closely observed for behavioural changes and reaction to sound stimulus. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (SpO₂) were monitored every 5 minutes, for 20 minutes. After this period, 250 μg kg^?1 atipamezole or a placebo was administered IM and behavioural changes were closely observed.ResultsFull immobilization was observed after mean 269 ± SD 116 seconds. Ten minutes after injection mean arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin was 94 ± 4%, but did not fall significantly further. The median pulse rate was 116 beats minute^?1 5 minutes after the administration of the drug. This level further decreased to a median level of 108 beats minute^?1 20 minutes after the drug's administration. The median time to recover from immobilization was significantly shorter after atipamezole administration when compared to placebo (2.7 versus 55 minutes). All animals awoke smoothly and no side effects such as vomiting or agitation were observed.ConclusionsShort term and reversible pharmacological immobilization was achieved using combination of midazolam, medetomidine, and fentanyl.Clinical relevanceThe present study demonstrates that 20-minute pharmacological immobilization with a combination of midazolam, medetomidine, and fentanyl is feasible in rhesus monkeys with minimal effect on heart rate.  相似文献   

Diversity of S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulphoxide content within a collection of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its association with the morphological and genetic background assessed by AFLP     

Jaroslava Ovesná  Ladislav Kučera  Jana Horníčková  Leona Svobodová  Helena Stavělíková  Jan Velíšek  Luigi Milella 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

  相似文献