Prevalence of clinical findings at examinations of young Swedish warmblood riding horses     

Lina J?nsson  Lars Roepstorff  Agneta Egenvall  Anna N?sholm  G?ran Dalin  Jan Philipsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):34

Background

Soundness of an individual horse is important for animal welfare and owner economy. However, knowledge of health status in normal horse populations is limited due to lack of systematic health recordings. The aim of the investigation was to study the prevalence of veterinary clinical findings in 4-5-year-old Swedish warmblood riding horses, and their influence on overall health scores, where associations to future longevity has been indicated.

Results

The prevalence of clinical findings in 8,281 horses examined during 1983–2005 was studied according to a standardised protocol and related to overall health scores in linear statistical models. Effects of sex, age, examination event and changes over time were included. In total, 49% of the horses had clinical findings of medical health (MED), 42% in hooves (HOOF) and 74% of palpatory orthopaedic health (PALP). However, only 6%, 3% and 24% had moderate or severe findings, of MED, HOOF and PALP, respectively. Flexion test reactions were reported in 21% of the horses (5% moderate/severe), heavily influencing the overall score (H2). One fifth of these horses also had findings of unprovoked lameness while 83% had PALP findings (44% with moderate/severe findings). Acute clinical signs, i.e. heat or soreness, had a large influence on the H2 score but were rare, whereas more common clinical findings had smaller effects on overall health. Large variations in recorded health results were observed among events. A decrease in findings has occurred since 1983, in particular for PALP findings.

Conclusions

Results of occurrence and relevance of evaluated clinical findings could be used for advice on preventive actions to keep horses sound, and possibly for benchmarking, and genetic evaluation of health traits. The distinct effect of event on recorded clinical findings emphasises that further harmonisation of veterinary examinations are desirable.  相似文献   

Nutritive Value of Four Soybean Products in Diets for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar,L.)     

Jan J. Olli  Åshild Krogdahl  Ted S. G. A. M. van den Ingh  Lars E. Brattås 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):50-60

Abstract

Four processed soybean products were evaluated as protein sources for Atlantic salmon: solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM44), dehulled and solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM50), dehulled full-fat soybean meal (FFSBM) and soybean concentrate (SBC). The soybean products replaced high-quality fish meal at levels corresponding to 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56% soybean protein of total protein.

Dietary inclusion of SBC, at the expense of fish meal, did not affect weight gain, carcass lipids, fecal excretion of nutrients or fecal dry matter content significantly. The nutritive value of the SBC protein appeared comparable to that of the fish meal. The three other soybean products impaired performance increasingly with increasing levels of inclusion, indicating lower nutritive value than for the fish meal. The favourable results seen with SBC indicated a great potential of soybean to become an important protein source for Atlantic salmon through improved processing.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Breeding Value and Selection of Bull Dams in the Danish Dairy Breeds: I. Studies on Realized Efficiency of Bull Dam and Bull Sire Selection     

Gert Aamand Pedersen  Lars Gjøl Christensen  Poul H. Petersen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):26-31

Abstract

The relationship between twice the adjusted daughter yield deviation (DYD) of the son and the average of the estimated breeding values (EBV) of his parents was investigated for milk and fat yield. Deviations from expectations of DYD minus the pedigree index and the regression of DYD on the EBV for each of the parents were estimated. The EBV of each bull dam was calculated in several ways using different combinations of pedigree information and their own records. In all, 1693 bulls (880 Black and White (BW), 418 Red Danish (RD) and 395 Danish Jersey (DJ)) with Direct Updating indices for milk and fat yield were included in the investigation. Mean discrepancies between estimated and observed genetic merit for kg of milk yield were ?348 for BW, ?213 for RD and ?228 for DJ, when all of the bull dams' individual records were utilized in breeding value estimation. The corresponding mean discrepancies for kg of fat yield were ?14.7, ?11.5 and ?11.9, respectively. The discrepancies were positively correlated with the number of lactation records included in the dams' EBVs. Regression coefficients of bull DYDs on bull dam breeding values were significantly lower than expected for RD and BW regardless of the number of individual lactation records included in the dams' indexes for milk and fat yield. For all three breeds, the regression coefficients were lowest for fat yield. The most probable cause of overestimation in bull dam EBVs is preferential treatment, particularly in second and later lactations. To avoid this bias, estimation of a bull dam's breeding value should be based on pedigree information and on records from only her first lactation.  相似文献   

Glacially abraded rock flour from Greenland: Potential for macronutrient supply to plants     

Klara Cecilia Gunnarsen  Lars Stoumann Jensen  Beatriz Gmez-Muoz  Minik Thorleif Rosing  Andreas de Neergaard 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(5):846-856

Rock flour (RF) is a fine‐grained material produced naturally by glacial movement and resulting bedrock abrasion. In Greenland fluvial transported RF from the inland ice sheet sediments in riverbeds and marine outflows. This fine‐sized RF (50% < 9.8 µm) has a high reactivity and may therefore potentially be used to rejuvenate nutrient poor soils and provide nutrients to plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a RF from Greenland to supply P, K, Mg, and S to plants. A double‐pot system was used, in which ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) could take up nutrients from both a hydroponic solution and a soil‐compartment with or without RF amendment; a soil mixture or pure sand was used in the soil‐compartment to estimate RF‐soil interaction effects. Omission of single nutrients from the hydroponic solution allowed assessment of which nutrients the RF in the soil‐compartment was able to supply. Ryegrass biomass was harvested four times during 62 days. We found that RF could supply K continuously to plants grown in soil or sand, but insufficient to fully circumvent K deficiency. During 62 days 5.8% and 4.3% of the applied K from RF was accumulated in the aboveground plant tissue in soil and sand, respectively. Mg was supplied from RF to plants in sand, but no significant effects were observed in soil, possibly due to background soil Mg availability. The amounts of P and S supplied to plants were insignificant. These results indicate the potential of Greenland RF to act as a slow release K and Mg fertilizer.  相似文献   

Bacterial and fungal response to nitrogen fertilization in three coniferous forest soils     

Fredrik Demoling  Lars Ola Nilsson  Erland Bååth 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(2):370-379

Forest soil carbon (C) pools may act as sinks for, or sources of, atmospheric carbon dioxide, while nitrogen (N) fertilization may affect the net exchange of C in forest ecosystems. Since all major C and N processes in soil are driven by soil microorganisms, we evaluated the effects of N fertilization on biomass and bacterial and fungal activity in soils from three Norway spruce forests with different climatic and N availability conditions. N deposition and net N mineralization were higher at the sites in southern Sweden than at the site in northern Sweden. We also studied the extent to which N fertilization altered the nutrient(s) limiting bacterial growth in soil. We found that on average microbial biomass was reduced by ～40% and microbial activity by ～30% in fertilized plots. Bacterial growth rates were more negatively affected by fertilization than fungal growth rates, while fungal biomass (estimated using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 18:2ω6,9) decreased more than bacterial biomass as a consequence of fertilization. The microbial community structure (indicated by the PLFA pattern) was changed by fertilization, but not in the same way at the three sites. Soil bacteria were limited by a lack of carbon in all forests, with the carbon limitation becoming more evident in fertilized plots, especially in the forests that had previously been the most N-limited ones. This study thus showed that the effects of N fertilization differed depending on the conditions at the site prior to fertilization.  相似文献   

Repellency of insecticides and the effect of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed crops     

Lars T. Havstad  John I. Øverland  Silja Valand  Trygve S. Aamlid 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(5):439-451

The study intended to compare repellency of three insecticides on bumble bees and honey bees in Norwegian red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed crops, and to examine effects of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in the field. The repellency study was carried out in a large-scale field trial in SE Norway in 2013. On average for observations during the first week after spraying, 17 and 40% less honey bees (P?=?.03) and 26 and 20% less bumble bees (P?=?.36) were observed on plots sprayed with the pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and alpha-cypermethrin, respectively, than on unsprayed control plots. No pollinator repellency was found on plots sprayed with the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Compared with unsprayed control the seed yield increases were 22% on plots sprayed with thiacloprid vs. 12–13% on plots sprayed with pyrethroids (P?=?.10). Follow-up studies in 2014–2016 focused on the effect of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in commercially reared nests of Bombus terrestris placed into red clover seed crops at the start of flowering. Unsprayed control crops were compared with crops sprayed either at the bud stage or when 18–44% of flower heads were in full bloom. Chemical analyses of adult bumble bees showed that thiacloprid was taken up in bees when crops were sprayed during flowering, but not detected when crops were sprayed at the bud stage. The bumble bees in late-sprayed crops also developed weaker colonies than in unsprayed crops. Dead bees with a high internal concentration of thiacloprid were found in one crop sprayed during the night at 35% flowering. This shows that thiacloprid is not bee-safe if sprayed after anthesis and that spraying has to be conducted at the bud stage to reduce its contamination of nectar and pollen.  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal variations in mortality during the seawater production phase of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Norway     

Britt Bang Jensen  Lars Qviller  Nils Toft 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(4):445-457

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Yield and mineral content of ten enset (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ensete ventricosum</Emphasis>) varieties     

Nurfeta A  Tolera A  Eik LO  Sundstøl F 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(4):299-309

A study was conducted to evaluate the macro and trace mineral contents of ten enset varieties collected from Sidama zone of southern Ethiopia. Samples of leaf lamina, leaf midrib, pseudostem and corm were taken from ten enset varieties at the age of 5 to 6 years during the main rainy season. The dry weight of each variety and fraction were also determined. Mineral contents in fractions of different enset varieties were analysed and compared with nutrient requirements of ruminants. The contribution of different enset fractions to the total dry weight was variable (P < 0.05), the highest being from pseudostem and the lowest from leaf lamina. There were varietal differences (P < 0.05) in macro and trace mineral content in different fractions except phosphorus (P) content of leaf lamina. Most enset fractions were rich sources of major minerals such as P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) (except corm) and magnesium (Mg). Sodium (Na) content was very low. Most fractions were rich in iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), but deficient in copper (Cu), except leaf lamina. Zinc (Zn) content was high in corm, but low in other fractions. This account of the macro and trace mineral content of different enset varieties and fractions could help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate mineral deficiencies.  相似文献   

Comparison of the effects of firocoxib, carprofen and vedaprofen in a sodium urate crystal induced synovitis model of arthritis in dogs     

Hazewinkel HA  van den Brom WE  Theyse LF  Pollmeier M  Hanson PD 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(1):74-79

A randomized, placebo-controlled, four-period cross-over laboratory study involving eight dogs was conducted to confirm the effective analgesic dose of firocoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, in a synovitis model of arthritis. Firocoxib was compared to vedaprofen and carprofen, and the effect, defined as a change in weight bearing measured via peak ground reaction, was evaluated at treatment dose levels. A lameness score on a five point scale was also assigned to the affected limb. Peak vertical ground reaction force was considered to be the most relevant measurement in this study. The firocoxib treatment group performed significantly better than placebo at the 3 h post-treatment time point and significantly better than placebo and carprofen at the 7 h post-treatment time point. Improvement in lameness score was also significantly better in the dogs treated with firocoxib than placebo and carprofen at both the 3 and 7 h post-treatment time points.  相似文献   

Standardized gene nomenclature for the Brassica genus     

Lars Østergaard  Graham J King 《Plant methods》2008,4(1):1-4

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