混氢改善汽油机低怠速性能研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪硕峰  纪常伟  焦磊  张旻玥  张擘  黄霄楠 《农业机械学报》2012,43(5):22-26

在一台加装了电控氢气喷射系统的四缸汽油机上,试验研究了混氢对发动机低怠速性能的影响。在怠速转速不变、维持进气混合气处于当量比的条件下,在0～6%的范围内逐渐增加氢气在总进气中的体积分数,测试了发动机转速分别为800、700、600 r/min时的低怠速性能。试验结果表明,纯汽油机怠速为800 r/min时,发动机稳定运行的燃料能量流量Ef为30.8 MJ/h,而当混氢分数增加至6.0%、怠速转速降至600 r/min时,Ef降低至18.6 MJ/h;随进气混氢体积分数的提高,发动机低怠速时的燃烧持续期缩短,HC、CO及NOx排放量降低,循环变动也减小。可见,进气掺氢可有效改善发动机的低怠速性能。  相似文献   

白芝麻油脂理化特性及组成分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁少华  彭乐  王亚东  王培慧 《农业机械学报》2012,43(11):174-179

分析测定了不同产地白芝麻压榨油脂的折光指数、皂化值及不皂化物含量等理化指标;采用气相色谱法分析了压榨白芝麻油中脂肪酸成分含量,其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量占84％以上;并用胰脂酶选择性水解方法分析了压榨白芝麻油的甘三酯分子结构组成,发现其LOL相对含量最高(22.98％ ～25.62％);高效液相色谱法测定压榨芝麻油中维生素E含量为13.73 ～ 54.43 mg/(100 g),芝麻素含量为60.14 ～69.10 mg/(100 g);分析测定了不同产地芝麻制取的压榨白芝麻油氧化稳定性,结果表明,白芝麻油4号氧化稳定性相对较好.  相似文献   

基于物元分析法的土地健康评价——以湖北省枣阳市为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王菲  杨乐  马才学 《农业工程》2012,2(2):72-77

针对综合指数评价法存在的信息遗漏及主观等问题,该文采用物元分析法对湖北省枣阳市土地健康水平进行评价。在诠释土地生态安全概念的基础上,基于“生态—经济—社会”模式和层次分析法构建土地健康评价的指标体系,运用物元分析方法构建土地健康评价的综合评判模型,并以湖北省枣阳市为例进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:吴店镇和七方镇土地处于健康状态,新市镇和太平镇土地处于不健康状态,其他8乡镇土地处于亚健康状态。根据评价结果,该文提出相关政策建议,从而为枣阳市土地的健康、可持续利用提供指导。   相似文献   

水稻根茬-土壤复合体剪切特性试验     

郑乐  罗锡文  曾山  王在满  刘春波  齐兴源 《农业机械学报》2017,48(5):63-71

为了降低稻茬地少耕免耕过程中的阻力,提高作业质量,同时为破茬开沟装置提供设计依据,采用自制的剪切试验装置在万能材料试验机上对水稻根茬-土壤复合体进行了剪切试验,对根茬-土壤复合体含水率、土壤容重、根茬-土壤复合体的当量直径、剪切位置、剪切速度、切刃刃角、切刀刃口形状7个因素进行了单因素试验。在单因素试验的基础上选取根茬-土壤复合体含水率、剪切速度、切刃刃角3个因素进行了正交试验。单因素试验结果显示:极限剪切应力与复合体的含水率呈二次多项式函数关系,与土壤容重呈幂函数关系,与根茬-土壤复合体直径呈二次多项式函数关系,与剪切速度呈对数函数关系,剪切位置距离根茬中心越远极限剪应力越小,切刃刃角越小极限剪切应力也越小;在4种形状的刃口切刀中,凹圆弧切刃的极限剪切应力最小。正交试验结果表明:切割速度450 mm/min、含水率25%、切刃刃角15°时,极限剪切应力最小。  相似文献   

基于稀疏非负最小二乘编码的高光谱遥感数据分类方法     

齐永锋  杨乐  火元莲 《农业机械学报》2016,47(7):332-337

为了提高高光谱遥感影像的分类精度,提出了一种基于稀疏非负最小二乘编码的高光谱数据分类方法。采用非负最小二乘方法,将待测样本表示为训练样本的线性组合,并将得到的系数作为待测样本的特征向量,通过最小误差方法对待测样本进行分类。提出的方法在AVIRIS Indian Pines和萨利纳斯山谷高光谱遥感数据集上进行分类实验,并和主成分分析(PCA)、支持向量机(SVM)和基于稀疏表示分类器(SRC)方法进行比较,在2个数据集上本文方法的总体识别精度分别达到85.31%和99.56%,Kappa系数分别为0.816 3和0.986 7。实验结果表明本文方法的总体识别精度和Kappa系数都优于另外3种方法,是一种较好的高光谱遥感数据分类方法。  相似文献   

Stable C and N isotope values of selected components of a tropical australian sugarcane ecosystem     

A. Spain  R. Le Feuvre 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,24(1):118-122

The ¹³C and ¹⁵N values of sugarcane plant tissues, decomposing harvest residues, soil and the casts and body tissues of the earthwormPontoscolex corethrurus were determined. Little variation in ¹³C values was found between plant parts. The ¹³C values of the decomposing harvest residues declined and became more variable after 148 days of exposure in the field. In the decomposing residues, ¹³C values of the neutral detergent fibre fraction were similar to those of the whole tissues while those of the proximate lignin were more negative. The ¹⁵N values of the residues also declined over time after a short initial delay.P. corethrurus populations are more intimately associated with the roots of sugarcane than with the bulk soil. Tissue ¹³C values suggest that the earthworm diet is similar to or more enriched in¹³C than sugarcane tissues and is substantially more enriched than the soil C. Earthworm tissues have similar levels of¹⁵N enrichment to both the soil and plant tissues. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that this earthworm derives much of its assimilated C relatively directly from organic matter associated with the roots and decomposing harvest residues.  相似文献   

Root-growth response of winter barley to subsoiling     

G. Ide  G. Hofman  C. Ossemerct  M. Van Ruymbeke 《Soil & Tillage Research》1984,4(5):419-431

Root growth of winter barley was studied on 2 Belgian silt loam soils after subsoiling to 60 cm depth. In the first field (well-drained) rooting depth increased significantly after removal of a plough pan. At the flowering stage, total root weight in the soil layers between 25–50 cm and 50–75 cm was 125% and 325%, respectively, higher on the subsoiled plots than on the control. The P₂O₅ and K₂O concentrations in the roots were significantly increased by 20% and 40%, respectively. In the second field (imperfectly drained) with initially relatively high bulk densities in the subsoil, the influence of subsoiling was negligible. In this study, the clearly-shown root-growth retardation that resulted in a lower yield on the control, seemed to be caused by the high penetration resistance in the plough sole (> 3MPA) rather than poor aeration status induced by the high bulk densities.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the simultaneous effects of processing parameters on the iron and zinc solubility of infant sorghum porridge by response surface methodology     

Kayodé AP  Nout MJ  Bakker EJ  Van Boekel MA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4253-4259

The purpose of this study was to improve the micronutrient quality of indigenous African infant flour using traditional techniques available in the region. Response surface methodology was used to study the effect of duration of soaking, germination, and fermentation on phytate and phenolic compounds (PC), pH, viscosity, and the in vitro solubility (IVS) of iron and zinc in infant sorghum flour. The phytate and the PC concentrations of the flour were significantly modified as a result of the duration of germination and fermentation and their mutual interaction. These modifications were accompanied by a significant increase in % IVS Zn after 24 h of sprouting. Except for the interaction of soaking and fermentation, none of the processing parameters exerted a significant effect on the % IVS Fe. The viscosity of the porridge prepared with the flour decreased significantly with the duration of germination, making it possible to produce a porridge with high energy and nutrient density. The use of germination in combination with fermentation is recommended in the processing of cereals for infant feeding in developing countries.  相似文献   

Influence of storage practices on acrylamide formation during potato frying     

De Wilde T  De Meulenaer B  Mestdagh F  Govaert Y  Vandeburie S  Ooghe W  Fraselle S  Demeulemeester K  Van Peteghem C  Calus A  Degroodt JM  Verhé R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(16):6550-6557

A number of parameters linked to storage of potatoes were evaluated with regard to their potential to influence the acrylamide formation in French fries. Acrylamide, which is a potential human carcinogen, is reported to be formed during the frying of potatoes as a result of the reactions between asparagine and reducing sugars. This study was conducted using three potato varieties (Bintje, Ramos, and Saturna) typically used in Belgium, The Netherlands, and the northern part of France for French fry and crisp production. Saturna, mainly used in crisp production, appeared to be the least susceptible for acrylamide formation during frying. Especially storage at low temperatures (4 degrees C) compared to storage at 8 degrees C seemed to enhance acrylamide formation due to a strong increase in reducing sugars caused by low-temperature storage. Because of the reversible nature of this physiological reaction, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction of the reducing sugars after a reconditioning of the cold-stored potatoes for 3 weeks at 15 degrees C. All changes in acrylamide concentrations could mainly be explained by the reducing sugar content of the potato (R2 = 0.84, n = 160). This means that, by ensuring a low reducing sugar content of the potato tuber, the risk for acrylamide formation will largely be reduced. Finally the use of a sprout inhibitor did not influence the composition of the potato, and thus acrylamide formation was not susceptible to this treatment.  相似文献   

1：25万土壤及地形数据库及指标体系研究     

包亮宇振荣  门明新VanEnglen 《农业工程学报》2004,20(4):259-263

根据土壤及地形(SOTER)数据库基本原理和方法建立1：25万SOTER数据库,重点研究和修正大中比例尺SOTER主地形体划分指标体系,提出海拔高度分组指标、坡度分组指标和地势起伏强度分组指标,并利用上述3个指标组合计算出样区SOTER主地形体组分(中坡度丘陵、低坡度山体台地、山谷、中坡度山体、山前倾斜平原和冲洪积平原),以进一步发展和完善SOTER数据库理论方法体系。同时,SOTER数据库的建立使原有的历次土壤普查、国土资源详查的资料信息化,使之服务于土地资源的评价、管理与保护。  相似文献