Three-dimensional imaging of a sawn surface: a comparison of confocal microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and light microscopy combined with serial sectioning     

Lloyd Donaldson  Stig Bardage  Geoffrey Daniel 《Wood Science and Technology》2007,41(7):551-564

The three-dimensional structure of a transverse sawn wood surface was investigated using several methods, to compare techniques, and to study the types of deformation in tracheids at the saw cut. A sample of spruce sapwood was cut with a fret saw across the grain. The transverse sawn surface was imaged by confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and by light microscopy combined with serial sectioning and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. Both confocal microscopy and FESEM were restricted to visualising the cut surface of the wood. However, serial sectioning was able to reveal the internal structure below the cut surface providing more information on the types of cell deformation present. The wood structure was deformed to depths of more than 600 μm below the surface with twisting, crushing and tearing deformations. Near the outer surface, gaps were formed between groups of tracheids where the cell walls had been torn away to form saw dust. The deformation tended to form groups of tracheids that were twisted relative to each other. Latewood was less distorted, forming a dense solid surface compared to the highly fibrous earlywood.  相似文献   

基于GIS的森林资源动态变化预测     

梁九妹  王唤良 《森林工程》2007,23(6):6-8

叙述目前森林资源的动态变化及其科学预测的意义和方法，探讨和分析结合地理信息系统进行预测的模型和方法。在此基础上，提出一个结合GIS简单实用的森林蓄积量预测模型，根据具体的数据进行了预测计算，结果表明具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

雷竹四季出笋高效经营技术研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

何钧潮  梁建迎 《竹子研究汇刊》1997,16(1):37-40

对竹园地进行温、肥、水条件的调节控制试验结果表明：在温度适宜、养分充足、水分满足的情况下,竹园竹林一年四季都能出笋,并能在1～2月市场最高价时大量出笋,每公顷鲜笋产量达23.048t,产值达283574.80元,提高了竹林的经济效益。  相似文献   

Load behaviors of a prefabricated wood framing house during lifting and transportation     

Hu Chuan-shuang Li Chong-gen Liao Hong-xia Li Kai-fu Dai Na-xin 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(3):221-224

Lifting for handling and flatbed truck transportation to the job site are important processes during manufacture of prefabri-cated wooden construction units like mini homes and building modules. Significant damage can occur to sections or components of units during these operations. Although damage usually will not impair its structural safety, it is costly to fix and causes the public to perceive prefabricated wooden buildings as low quality products. Field observations and preliminary numerical models for prefabri-cated units subject to lifting and transportation forces are summarized here. Once fully developed and verified, models will support the creation of damage mitigation strategies centered on structural details indicating how units are to be supported during lifting and transportation.  相似文献   

白僵菌防治马尾松毛虫试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余金勇黄吉勇  吴跃开程绍传 张金国 《贵州林业科技》2007,35(2):38-40

在越冬的马尾松毛虫幼虫上树取食期(4月),喷施含孢量110亿/克,活孢率82.9%,施菌量为37.5kg/hm2的白僵菌粉剂后,感染白僵菌的马尾松毛虫,每平方米11.3头,蛹期死亡率42.0%,第二年蛹期死亡率26.1%。在马尾松毛虫下树越冬期(11月),喷施含孢量48亿/克,活孢率76%,施菌量为30kg/hm2的白僵菌粉剂后,越冬期间,马尾松毛虫死亡率32.2%;第二年白僵菌致死率63.3%;第三年白僵菌致死率13.3%。  相似文献   

Effects of disturbance on regeneration of Abies fabri forests at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River     

Gao Jia-rong Gao Yang 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(1):27-32

Mudflow is the principal disturbance in Abies fabri forests. In the Gongga Mountain areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the intensities and periodicity of different scale mudflows vary. Small-scale mudflows are more frequent, occurring every one or two years while large-scale mudflows may occur once in more than one hundred years. Through a field study of A. fabri forests during different stages of growth, we analyzed their structural characteristics and discovered that after different sizes of mud-flow, poplar and birch often occupy the dominant canopy at the expense of the slow growing A. fabri, for only a small number of saplings are A. fabri that occurs in the first regeneration stage. However, a large number of seed resources can be found in mature A. fabri forests and as a unique regeneration species, A. fabri will gradually replace all the other species and form a stable community of strong shade-tolerant trees. Because of the intimate relationship between growing conditions and soil and water conservation at the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, we should carry out some artificial measurements to control and promote the slow regeneration process of A. fabri.  相似文献   

生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状     

李春燕  王振月  程玉鹏  刘颖新  程建蕊 《中国林副特产》2007,(6):79-82

生物技术是一门建立在现代生命科学理论基础上的技术，随着生命科学领域研究的突飞猛进，生物技术变得更加强有力，已渗透到工业、农业、医学、林业等各个领域，并发挥着日益重要的作用。综述了细胞工程、基因工程、分子标记技术等生物技术在药用植物育种中的研究现状，展示了生物技术作为一项重要的育种技术，在提高中药材品质、保护药用植物资源方面的应用前景。  相似文献   

On mechanical behavior of traditional timber shear wall in Taiwan I: background and theory derivation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wen-Shao Chang  Kohei Komatsu  Min-Fu Hsu  Wei-Jye Chen 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):17-23

The objectives of this study were to explore the mechanical behavior of traditional timber shear walls in Taiwan and to propose a theoretical model to predict their lateral force resistance. An extensive field investigation was conducted, and the dimensions, tectonic detail, and materials used were recorded. The data collected were used as the reference for theoretical derivation and experimental design. In the theoretical model, the moment resistance of entire shear walls was derived from the contributions of the moment-resisting capacity supplied not only by embedment and friction action between board units and beams but also the dowel action of bamboo nails. Timber shear walls with various geometric conditions and material properties are considered. The theoretical model demonstrated in this study can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of timber shear walls and will be verified by experiments in our next article.  相似文献   

Assemblages of wood-inhabiting fungi related to silvicultural management intensity in beech forests in southern Germany     

Jörg Müller  Heinz Engel  Markus Blaschke 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(4):513-527

Current silvicultural treatments in beech forests are aimed at achieving thick logs without discoloured hardwood. Therefore intensive thinning is applied already in younger stands with the objective of large-sized trunks at an age of 100 years. However, this approach bears the risk that dead wood structures and broken trees are completely removed from the forest. The impact of three different silvicultural management intensity levels on wood-inhabiting fungi over decades was investigated in a large beech forest (>10,000 ha) in southern Germany in 69 sampling plots: A Intensive Thinning and Logging with high-value trees, B Conservation-Oriented Logging with integration of special structures such as dead wood and broken trees and C Strict Forest Reserves with no logging for 30 years. The analysis of community showed marked differences in the fungus species composition of the three treatments, independent of stand age. The relative frequencies of species between treatments were statistically different. Indicator species for naturalness were more abundant at sites with low silvicultural management intensity. Fomes fomentarius, the most common fungus in virgin forests and strict forest reserves, is almost missing in forests with high-management intensity. The species richness seemed to be lower where intensive thinning was applied (P = 0.051). Species characteristic for coarse woody debris were associated to low management intensity, whereas species with a significant preference for stumps became more frequent with increasing management intensity. A total amount of dead wood higher than 60 m³/ha was found to enable significantly higher numbers of species indicators of naturalness (P = 0.013). In conclusion, when applying intensive silvicultural treatment, the role of dead wood needs to be actively considered in order to maintain the natural biocoenosis of beech forests.  相似文献   

Concentration variations of several ions in stream after a wildfire     

刘洋  胡海清 《林业研究》2007,18(4):319-321

In May 2006, a high intensity wildfire occurred in Songling forest region in Daxing＇an Mountains, China. The concentration changes of eight ions （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, Br^-, NO3^- and SO4^2-） were measured in burned and tmbumed streams after fire from May to Oct., 2006. Results show that the most ions flux were higher in burned stream than that in unburned stream during the sampling period, and the greatest concentrations of most ions transported from burned stream occurred in July. After fire, the most amplitude chemical ion was Ca^2＋, whose average concentration was 5.50 mg·L^-1 higher than that in unburned stream, and the total concentration of every chemical ion presents a trend Ca^2＋〉SO4^2- 〉Na^＋〉Mg^2＋〉NO3^- . The average concentrations of Ca^2＋, SO4^2- , Na^＋＇Mg^2＋,NO3^- showed an increase trend, but those of K^＋, Cl^- , Br had a decreased trend. SO4^2- had the largest loss among these anions, followed by NO3^-. Overall, the increase degree of cation was greater than that of anion after burning.  相似文献