Separation of olive proteins combining a simple extraction method and a selective capillary electrophoresis (CE) approach: application to raw and table olive samples     

Montealegre C  Marina ML  García-Ruiz C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11808-11813

A simple extraction method was developed to extract proteins from olive samples based on chloroform/methanol extraction followed by a protein precipitation with cold acetone. Then, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method was carried out using an acid buffer (1 M formic acid at pH 2) to ensure a positive net charge for proteins and a neutral charge for potential interferents as polyphenols. The method developed was applied to raw and table olive samples. Interestingly, raw olive samples showed differences in protein profiles depending upon the botanical variety of olives and their geographical region. Protein profiles obtained for table olives also showed differences according to the sample treatment. Thus, a signal reduction in the electropherograms obtained for black olives was observed in comparison to those achieved for treated green olives. In this work, the use of protein profiles was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for studying variations among olive samples.  相似文献   

Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth and Gastric Emptying Time of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachiurn rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)     

Maria  del Carmen González-Peña Santo Z.  Gomes Gloria S.  Moreira 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(4):441-447

Feeding experiments were conducted on large and small adult freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii (36.96 ± 1.65 and 13.48 ± 1.65 g in weight) to determine the impact of dietary fiber on growth, digestion, and gastric emptying time. Fiber was incorporated as Q- cellulose into four semi-purified diets at calculated levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% at the expense of starch and fed for an 8-wk period. The experiment was conducted in a closed, filtered, recirculating freshwater system. The results indicate that the specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and protein efficiency ratios improved as the levels of dietary fiber increased from 0.4% to 8%. Gastric emptying times increased as the level of inclusion of cellulose in the diets increased. It was concluded that diets containing up to 10% dietary fiber increases growth rates in adult prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii by increasing nutrient residence time in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby increasing absorption.  相似文献   

Serum antibody response and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst antigens recognized by sera from naturally infected sheep.     

J Quílez  C A Vergara-Castiblanco  M E Ares-Mazás  C Sánchez-Acedo  E del Cacho  F Freire-Santos 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,104(3):187-197

The response of specific serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) and the major antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum recognized by these isotypes were investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot techniques in lambs and ewes naturally infected throughout an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis. Serum samples were collected from 20 lambs the first day they showed diarrhoea (D1), and Days 11 and 22, in addition to single serum samples from 17 of their dams. Serum anti-C. parvum IgG, IgM and/or IgA antibodies were detected in lambs as early as Day 1. Levels of IgM antibodies remained steady from D1 to D11 and increased at D22, whereas the IgG response decreased from D1 to D11 and subsequently increased. In contrast, IgA antibodies rapidly fell from D1 and all lambs were seronegative at D11 and D22. The highest levels of specific antibodies were detected in sera from ewes. In fact, all ewes were seropositives for IgM and IgA isotypes and most (16/17) showed positive levels of IgG. Four protein fractions (37-39, 42-48, 51-57 and 60-69 kDa) were the most frequently recognized by IgG and IgM from lamb sera. A low molecular weight fraction (12-14 kDa) reacting with IgG and IgA in most lamb sera was scarcely recognized by IgM and three broad bands were frequently recognized by IgA antibodies (23-25, 51-57 and 90-95 kDa). The recognition pattern of 23-25 kDa peptides by IgA from lamb sera clearly increased with the age. Peptides of 42-48, 51-57, 60-69 and 71-78 kDa were most frequently recognized by IgG and IgM from ewe sera. In relation to IgA antibodies from ewe sera, a frequent immunoreactivity was found with proteins in the intervals between 12 and 22 kDa as well as between 32 and 34 kDa and practically all sera reacted with fractions from 42 to 95 kDa.  相似文献   

Multi‐temporal Digital Photogrammetric Analysis for Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Rates in the Landola Catchment of the Upper Orcia Valley (Tuscany,Italy)     

Pietro P. C. Aucelli  Massimo Conforti  Marta Della Seta  Maurizio Del Monte  Lorenzo D'uva  Carmen M. Rosskopf  Francesca Vergari 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):1075-1092

This paper focuses on the analysis of the slope and catchment erosion dynamics in a typical Mediterranean context and its sensitivity to recent climatic and socio‐economic changes. The main objective of the present study is to test the reliability of digital photogrammetric analysis to evaluate the time and space evolution of erosion processes mainly triggered by surface running waters and landslides for about the last 60 years. The selected test area is the Landola catchment, a minor tributary of the Upper Orcia River Valley (Southern Tuscany). The Upper Orcia valley is a key site for the comprehension of denudation processes typically acting in Mediterranean badland areas thanks to the following: (i) the availability of long‐lasting erosion monitoring datasets (20 years' long direct measurements at erosion ‘hot spots’); (ii) its representativeness as a sub‐humid Mediterranean badland area; and (iii) the rapidity of development of erosion processes, which makes it suitable as an open‐air laboratory for the study of badland dynamics. The outputs of this work highlight that the application of high‐resolution digital photogrammetric methodologies can represent a powerful and low‐cost tool to evaluate rates and spatial–temporal distribution of denudation processes, as confirmed by the validation through field point monitoring in areas close to the study area. The results obtained for the study area confirm that high erosion rates are a persistent environmental problem for the Upper Orcia Valley, which is not solved up to now, despite various land conservation interventions. The performed multi‐temporal analysis shows a slight decrease in the average water erosion rate during the last 60 years and a parallel increase in the frequency of mass wasting events. These variations are most likely related to a complex interplay between land use changes that have affected the study area during the studied period, revealing a very delicate equilibrium between farming activities and erosion processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Carbon Sequestration in Restored Soils by Applying Organic Amendments     

María del Mar Montiel‐Rozas  Marco Panettieri  Paula Madejn  Engracia Madejn 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(3):620-629

The study of different natural carbon sinks has become especially important because of climate change effects. The restoration of contaminated areas can be an ideal strategy for carbon sequestration. The studied area was affected by toxic Aznalcóllar mine spill in 1998. Restoration process of the contaminated area was based, mainly, on the use of two organic amendments: leonardite (LE) and biosolid compost (BC). The objective of this study was to verify whether the application of these amendments promotes the long‐term carbon sequestration in this soil. Five treatments were established: untreated control, biosolid compost (doses 4 and 2) and leonardite (doses 4 and 2). The addition of amendments implied an improvement in soil quality that was directly related to the amendment dose: decrease in bulk density, increase in pH, higher respiration rates and an improvement in the stratification ratio. Dose‐dependent changes in the molecular composition of soil organic matter were shown by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Both amendments promoted carbon retention, although because of the low mineralization rates of soil organic matter in LE treatments, the carbon storage was higher. The dosage effect on the carbon balance was more important in LE treatments, whereas in the BC treatments, the balance was similar for both doses. Our findings suggest that LE4 significantly increased the total organic carbon and it was the most suitable treatment for long‐term carbon storage, because of its molecular composition rich in relatively stable aromatic and lignin‐derived compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carmen Martí:n  Elizabeth Uberhuaga  César Pérez 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):247-253

Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no significant difference was found between culture conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A male-fertile Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides hybrid enables direct backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level     

Roger T. Chetelat  Pedro Cisneros  Liliana Stamova  Charles M. Rick 《Euphytica》1997,95(1):99-108

Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. is a wild nightshade native to Chile and Peru that possesses many traits of potential interest to tomato breeders, including environmental stress tolerance, resistances to disease and insect pests, and certain fruit quality characteristics. Sexual and somatic hybrids with the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are readily obtained, yet have a strong tendency towards male-sterility combined with unilateral incompatibility, barriers that have deterred breeding efforts in the past. We report herein the synthesis of a partially male-fertile F₁ hybrid by sexual crosses between tomato and a recently collected population of S. lycopersicoides. Over 280 BC₁ plants were obtained by directed backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level, of which 58 were sufficiently fertile to permit selfing or additional backcrosses. The transmission of S. lycopersicoides genetic markers into a uniform L. esculentum background was confirmed with 24 isozyme or morphological loci on 11 of the 12 alien chromosomes. Potentially useful tolerance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was demonstrated by inoculation of stem cuttings with mycelial plugs: at 6 days post-inoculation, the intergeneric hybrid showed little evidence of disease progression and the length of stem lesions averaged only one third that of susceptible controls. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A crop–pollinator inter-play approach to assessing seed production patterns in faba bean under two pollination environments     

M. J. Suso  Rosario del Río 《Euphytica》2015,201(2):231-251

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Embryogenic response from anther culture of cultivars of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) from different origins     

Manuel Blasco  María Luisa Badenes  Mª del Mar Naval 《Euphytica》2015,205(2):337-348

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Yield Formation in Mediterranean durum wheats under two contrasting water regimes based on path-coefficient analysis     

L.?F.?García?del?MoralEmail author  Y.?Rharrabti  S.?Elhani  V.?Martos  C.?Royo 《Euphytica》2005,146(3):203-212

The components of grain yield are altered by adverse growing conditions as the effects of certain environmental factors on crop growth and yield differ depending upon the developmental stages when these conditions occur. Path-coefficient analysis was used to investigate the main processes influencing grain yield and its formation under Mediterranean conditions. Twenty-five durum wheat genotypes, consisting of four Spanish commercial varieties and 21 inbred lines from the ICARDA durum wheat breeding program, were grown during 1997 and 1998 under both rainfed and irrigated conditions in southern Spain. {P}ath-coefficient analysis revealed that under favourable conditions grain yield depended in equal proportion on the three primary yield components (i.e. spikes m⁻², grains spike⁻¹, and mean grain weight), whereas in the rainfed experiments, variations in grain yield were due mainly to spikes m⁻² and to a lesser extent to grains spike⁻¹. Compensatory effects were almost absent under irrigated treatments; however, under water shortage, spikes m⁻² exerted a negative influence on grain spike⁻¹ due mainly to a negative interrelationship between tiller production and apical development. These compensatory effects could partially explain the restricted success in durum wheat breeding observed in water-limited environments of the Mediterranean region. Under rainfed conditions the number of spikes m⁻² depended mainly on the ability for tiller production, whereas in the irrigated experiments the final number of spikes was determined mostly by tiller survival.  相似文献