Can a problem-solving approach strengthen landscape ecology’s contribution to sustainable landscape planning?     

Clive A. McAlpine  Leonie M. Seabrook  Jonathan R. Rhodes  Martine Maron  Carl Smith  Michiala E. Bowen  Sarah A. Butler  Owen Powell  Justin G. Ryan  Christine T. Fyfe  Christine Adams-Hosking  Andrew Smith  Oliver Robertson  Alison Howes  Lorenzo Cattarino 《Landscape Ecology》2010,25(8):1155-1168

The need to avert unacceptable and irreversible environmental change is the most urgent challenge facing society. Landscape ecology has the capacity to help address these challenges by providing spatially-explicit solutions to landscape sustainability problems. However, despite a large body of research, the real impact of landscape ecology on sustainable landscape management and planning is still limited. In this paper, we first outline a typology of landscape sustainability problems which serves to guide landscape ecologists in the problem-solving process. We then outline a formal problem-solving approach, whereby landscape ecologists can better bring about disciplinary integration, a consideration of multiple landscape functions over long time scales, and a focus on decision making. This framework explicitly considers multiple ecological objectives and socio-economic constraints, the spatial allocation of scarce resources to address these objectives, and the timing of the implementation of management actions. It aims to make explicit the problem-solving objectives, management options and the system understanding required to make sustainable landscape planning decisions. We propose that by adopting a more problem-solving approach, landscape ecologists can make a significant contribution towards realising sustainable future landscapes.  相似文献   

The insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) affects plant architecture and endogenous auxin and abscisic acid levels     

Priscilla Bettini  Rita Baraldi  Francesca Rapparini  Lorenzo Melani  Maria Luisa Mauro  Daniela Bindi  Marcello Buiatti 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

In the present paper we report on the effects of the insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar Tondino. Several transgenic lines were successfully obtained, between which two clones, rolC1 and rolC3, were chosen for the analysis of morpho-productive traits as well as of the endogenous levels of auxin and abscisic acid. Consistent with the known phenotypic effect of this gene, the transformed tomato plants were significantly shorter than the corresponding controls. On the other hand, even if yield was not affected by the transformation in terms of average number of fruits produced, fruit weight was significantly lower in the transgenics with respect to the controls. Therefore, insertion of the rolC gene does not lead to an improvement in plant productivity.  相似文献   

Experimental infection with H1N1 European swine influenza virus protects pigs from an infection with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 human influenza virus     

Núria Busquets  Joaquim Segalés  Lorena Córdoba  Tufaria Mussá  Elisa Crisci  Gerard E. Martín-Valls  Meritxell Simon-Grifé  Marta Pérez-Simó  Monica Pérez-Maíllo  Jose I. Nú?ez  Francesc X. Abad  Lorenzo Fraile  Sonia Pina  Natalia Majó  Albert Bensaid  Mariano Domingo  María Montoya 《Veterinary research》2010,41(5)

The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. To better assess the risk posed by the A(H1N1) 2009 in the actual situation of swine farms, we sought to analyze whether a previous infection with a circulating European avian-like swine A/Swine/Spain/53207/2004 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as SwH1N1) generated or not cross-protective immunity against a subsequent infection with the new human pandemic A/Catalonia/63/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus (hereafter referred to as pH1N1) 21 days apart. Pigs infected only with pH1N1 had mild to moderate pathological findings, consisting on broncho-interstitial pneumonia. However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. These later pigs also exhibited boosted levels of specific antibodies. Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains.  相似文献   

Pathogenesis of natural goat scrapie: modulation by host PRNP genotype and effect of co-existent conditions     

Lorenzo Gonz��lez  Stuart Martin  Stephen A.C. Hawkins  Wilfred Goldmann  Martin Jeffrey    S��lvia Sis�� 《Veterinary research》2010,41(4)

After detection of a high prevalence of scrapie in a large dairy goat herd, 72 infected animals were examined by immunohistochemistry with prion protein (PrP) antibody Bar224 to study the pathogenesis of the infection. Tissues examined included the brain and thoracic spinal cord (TSC), a wide selection of lymphoreticular system (LRS) tissues, the distal ileum and its enteric nervous system (ENS), and other organs, including the mammary gland. The whole open reading frame of the PRNP gene was sequenced and antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection were determined. Unexpectedly, accumulation of disease-associated PrP (PrP^d) in the brain was more frequent in methionine carriers at codon 142 (24/32, 75.0%) than amongst isoleucine homozygotes (14/40, 35.0%). The latter, however, showed significantly greater amounts of brain PrP^d than the former (average scores of 9.3 and 3.0, respectively). A significant proportion of the 38 goats that were positive in brain were negative in the ENS (44.7%) or in the TSC (39.5%). These results, together with the early and consistent involvement of the circumventricular organs and the hypothalamus, point towards a significant contribution of the haematogenous route in the process of neuroinvasion. Chronic enteritis was observed in 98 of the 200 goats examined, with no association with either scrapie infection or presence of PrP^d in the gut. Lymphoproliferative interstitial mastitis was observed in 13/31 CAEV-positive and scrapie-infected goats; PrP^d in the mammary gland was detected in five of those 13 goats, suggesting a possible contribution of CAEV infection in scrapie transmission via milk.  相似文献   

The common carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> in Croatia (Danube and Adriatic basins): a historical review     

Marina Piria  Tea Tomljanović  Tomislav Treer  Roman Safner  Ivica Aničić  Daniel Matulić  Lorenzo Vilizzi 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(6):1527-1541

This review provides the first historical account of the ecology and biology of common carp Cyprinus carpio in the Danube and Adriatic basins of Croatia, and emphasises the species’ economic relevance and management implications. As a semi-native species that is native to the Danube but translocated across the Adriatic Basin, carp plays an important role for aquaculture, recreational and artisanal fisheries. However, original strains have now disappeared, and because of genetic pollution in inland waters there is an increasing demand for restoring populations of the now rare and threatened wild carp, making conservation measures a priority. Translocations of carp across water bodies of the Adriatic Basin mostly for food supply did not prove successful in the long term, as the resulting ecological impacts may have been higher than the expected economic advantages. Measures for the prevention of further (uncontrolled) carp re-stocking are therefore necessary and this will require closer collaboration between scientists and environmental managers.  相似文献   

Short‐term suppression of Aedes aegypti using genetic control does not facilitate Aedes albopictus          下载免费PDF全文

Kevin Gorman  Josué Young  Lleysa Pineda  Ricardo Márquez  Nestor Sosa  Damaris Bernal  Rolando Torres  Yamilitzel Soto  Renaud Lacroix  Neil Naish  Paul Kaiser  Karla Tepedino  Gwilym Philips  Cecilia Kosmann  Lorenzo Cáceres 《Pest management science》2016,72(3):618-628

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Development of Drosophila suzukii at low temperatures in mountain areas     

Lorenzo Tonina  Nicola Mori  Folco Giomi  Andrea Battisti 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(3):667-678

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Optimal spatial and temporal replications for reducing environmental variation for oil content components and fruit morphology traits in olive breeding     

Lorenzo León  Rocío Arias-Calderón  Raúl de la Rosa  Bouchaib Khadari  Evelyne Costes 《Euphytica》2016,207(3):675-684

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Neosporosis with cerebellar involvement in an adult dog     

Lorenzo V  Pumarola M  Sisó S 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(2):76-79

A case of an adult dog with multifocal, progressive neurological signs caused by Neospora caninum is reported. Pathological studies showed cerebellar lesions due to the parasite, which was also present in other parts of the nervous system and muscle. Cerebellar atrophy related to Neospora infection has been rarely reported in veterinary medicine, and has been shown to affect ruminants and dogs. The cerebellar involvement and the age of the present dog make this case uncommon.  相似文献   

Characterization of the first Bartonella henselae strain isolated from a cat in Italy     

Ciceroni L  Fabbi M  Ciarrocchi S  Pinto A  Ciervo A  Kasten RW  Chomel BB 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2002,25(4):217-228

Bartonella henselae has been identified and characterized for the first time in Italy. A strain, designed Pavia-1, was isolated from the blood of a cat whose owner developed cat scratch disease (CSD). Pavia-1 and two American B. henselae strains (Houston-1, ATCC 49882, type I and strain 269608, UC Davis, type II) were compared by whole-cell fatty analysis (CFA), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for protein profiles, Western immunoblotting (WB) for reactivity with polyclonal antibodies, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), type-specific 16S rRNA PCRs, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Bartonella clarridgeiae (ATCC 51734) was also included for comparison. Pavia-1 was identified as a B. henselae type I. PFGE allowed differentiation between B. clarridgeiae and B. henselae and furthermore, between all the B. henselae strains. The fingerprints of PFGE observed for Pavia-1 were distinct from those of B. henselae type II and also of Houston-1, suggesting that the two type I strains derived from two different clones. These results show the capability of B. henselae to develop genotypic variability between genetically related strains.  相似文献