Induced non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal. III. Digestibility and efficiency of protein utilization by ruminants of soybean meal treated with xylose or glucose     

R M Cleale  T J Klopfenstein  R A Britton  L D Satterlee  S R Lowry 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(5):1327-1335

Trials were conducted to evaluate effects of non-enzymatic browning of soybean meal (SBM) on efficiency of protein utilization and N digestibility. In trial 1, 48 Suffolk-Finnsheep lambs (22 kg) were fed 80 d to evaluate efficiency of protein utilization for growth when supplemental protein was fed as urea (U), commercial SBM (CS), or commercial SBM (pH 8.5, 83% dry matter) containing xylose (3 mol/mol SBM-lysine) and heated 30 min (XTS-30) or 55 min (XTS-55). Diets containing graded levels of N from CS, XTS-30 and XTS-55 were fed. Response criterion was efficiency of protein utilization, plotted as gains of lambs fed test proteins minus gain of lambs fed U vs supplemental test protein fed. Efficiencies of protein utilization were .62, 1.27 and .91 for CS, XTS-30 and XTS-55, respectively. Protein from XTS-30 was used more efficiently (P less than .05) than that from CS. In trial 2, apparent digestibility of N from CS (97%) was higher (P less than .01) than XTS-30 (77%) and XTS-55 (82%) by Suffolk-Finnsheep lambs (27 kg). In trial 3, 60 mixed-breed steers (218 kg) were fed individually for 105 d to evaluate glucose as a reducing sugar. Glucose-treated SBM (GTS) was prepared by mixing glucose (3 mol/mol SBM lysine) with SBM, adjusting pH and dry matter content to 8.5 and 80%, respectively, and heating at 150 C for 60 min. Supplemental N sources were U, CS, GTS and a 50:50 mixture (protein basis) of corn gluten meal and blood meal (CGM/BM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Correction to: Factors influencing the occurrence of fall armyworm parasitoids in Zambia     

Durocher&#;Granger  L&#;na  Mfune  Tibonge  Musesha  Monde  Lowry  Alyssa  Reynolds  Kathryn  Buddie  Alan  Caf&#;  Giovanni  Offord  Lisa  Chipabika  Gilson  Dicke  Marcel  Kenis  Marc 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):539-540

Journal of Pest Science -  相似文献   

Aneurysmal bone cyst in a Holstein bull.     

E B Belknap  S Brodie  J Lowry  R Getzelman 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(9):1413-1415

A 3-year-old Holstein bull was examined because of a mass involving the cranial portion of the right hemimandible and the oral cavity. The mass had been observed 2 weeks earlier. The bull had lost weight throughout the 45 days before admission, and was anorectic at the time of admission. An aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible was diagnosed.  相似文献   

Protein supplementation of ammoniated roughages. III. Corncobs supplemented with a blood meal-corn gluten meal mixture--steer studies     

M L Nelson  T J Klopfenstein  R A Britton  S R Lowry 《Journal of animal science》1985,61(6):1567-1575

Two factorial experiments were conducted to investigate site and extent of organic matter (OM) digestion, nitrogenous fractions flowing at the abomasum and rates-of-passage in steers fed 0, 2 or 4 g NH3/100 g dry matter of treated corncobs supplemented with either a corn or a blood meal-corn gluten meal (BM-CGM) supplement. Rumen and total tract OM digestion coefficients were quadratically increased (P less than .05) and dietary N was quadratically increased (P less than .07) due to the main effect of ammonia. The main effect of protein supplement increased (P less than .05) postruminal OM digestibility, nonammonia N and dietary-N flow. Quadratic protein X ammonia interactions were noted for fluid flow, total-N flow, total amino acid flow and ammonia-N flow. Linear protein X ammonia interactions were noted for bacterial-N flow, which appeared to indicate that N utilization of the ammoniated corn-cob was improved by the inclusion of BM-CGM in the diet. Diet dry matter intake, fluid volume, rate of fluid passage, particulate mass and rate of particulate passage in rumen-fistulated steers were unaffected by either main effect. However, rumen fluid pH of steers fed BM-CGM was lower than that from steers fed the corn supplement.  相似文献   

Proanthocyanidin profile and ORAC values of Manitoba berries, chokecherries, and seabuckthorn   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hosseinian FS  Li W  Hydamaka AW  Tsopmo A  Lowry L  Friel J  Beta T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(17):6970-6976

Six Manitoba fruits were analyzed for their phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in order to increase their production and marketability. The major proanthocyanidins (flavanols) present in whole fruit, juice, and pulp of strawberry, Saskatoon berry, raspberry, wild blueberry, chokecherry, and seabuckthorn were measured. The extraction and purification were facilitated using flash column chromatography, while separation and identification were accomplished by using HPLC and LC-MS techniques. The total proanthocyanidin contents varied from 275.55 to 504.77 mg/100 g in the whole fruit samples. Raspberry contained the highest content, and seabuckthorn showed the lowest content of total flavanols. The highest concentration of proanthocyanidin in juice was found in Saskatoon berry (1363.34 mg/100 mL) and the lowest value in strawberry (622.60 mg/100 mL). HPLC and LC-MS results indicated that epicatechin was the most abundant flavanol followed by B2 in the berry samples, while no catechin or B1 was detected in these fruits. A series of oligomers and polymers were detected in all samples. The recovery percentage was obtained from the ratio of the unspiked samples to the area of spiked samples. Monomers, dimers, oligomers, and polymers gave recovery ranges of 83-99%. The lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of whole fruit, juice, and pulp extracts were measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) procedure. In whole fruits, the ORAC values varied from 135 to 479 mg/100 g TE in the MeOH fraction. The corresponding ORAC values varied from 115.30 to 733.15 mg/100 g for the acetone fraction. In juice, all berries showed the same antioxidant capacity (P > 0.05) (133.0-312.0 mg/100 g) in the MeOH fraction, with the exception of raspberry (603.0 mg/100 g). Overall, MeOH fractions mainly contained monomers and dimers with smaller amounts of oligomers and polymers when compared to the acetone fractions. Acetone fractions mainly contained polymers and some oligomers. Although acetone fractions contained a higher quantity of total proanthocyanidins, their antioxidant capacities were lower than MeOH fractions.  相似文献   

Piperazine resistance in population-B equine strongyles: a study of selection in Thoroughbreds in Kentucky from 1966 through 1983   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J H Drudge  E T Lyons  S C Tolliver  S R Lowry  E H Fallon 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(7):986-994

Observations were completed over an 18-year period (1966 through 1983) in Thoroughbred mares (15/year) and yearlings (11 to 24/year) on a farm where benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles had emerged previously (1962 to 1965). This farm was operated as a closed, nonboarding type, which included a racing stable for its home-bred foals. At 2-week intervals, counts of worm eggs per gram of feces (EPG) and larvae per gram of feces were done to monitor strongyle infections and efficacies of bimonthly (every 8 weeks) antiparasitic treatments that were administered by stomach tube or were fed (dichlorvos pellets) to 1 group of yearlings during a 7-year period (1970 through 1976). The study included several drugs or mixtures, including thiabendazole (TBZ), phenothiazine (PTZ) + piperazine (PPZ)-carbon disulfide (CS2) complex, PTZ + PPZ + trichlorfon (TCF), dichlorvos, and pyrantel pamoate. These were used selectively in treated subgroups (usually 3/year) of mares and yearlings. The horses in drug treatment subgroups grazed together on common pastures; thus, efficacy comparisons between drugs were limited or nullified. However, annual mean EPG and larvae per gram of feces counts of mares and yearlings tended to increase over time, and for the yearlings treated with TBZ + PPZ and PTZ + PPZ-CS2, the buildup of these mean counts was statistically significant (P less than 0.05 for regression coefficients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Environmental genomics reveals a single-species ecosystem deep within Earth     

Chivian D  Brodie EL  Alm EJ  Culley DE  Dehal PS  DeSantis TZ  Gihring TM  Lapidus A  Lin LH  Lowry SR  Moser DP  Richardson PM  Southam G  Wanger G  Pratt LM  Andersen GL  Hazen TC  Brockman FJ  Arkin AP  Onstott TC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5899):275-278

DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, composes >99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. Its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within Earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome.  相似文献   

Response of fish communities to the deployment of estuarine artificial reefs for fisheries enhancement     

M. B. Lowry  T. M. Glasby  C. A. Boys  H. Folpp  I. Suthers  M. Gregson 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2014,21(1):42-56

Understanding succession of fish communities associated with artificial structures is required to assess the potential of these initiatives as part of fisheries enhancement strategies and determine possible impacts on the broader ecological community. Artificial reef systems constructed in three south‐eastern Australian estuaries were monitored over a four‐year period. Recruitment of fish to the artificial reefs was rapid, with significantly greater species richness observed on artificial reefs than on natural habitats for the majority of locations and times. The rate of community change varied between estuaries and appeared to be related to the quality and amount of existing habitat and the distance of the artificial reef from sources of recruitment. General patterns were also identified among estuaries driven by strong recruitment, followed by a rapid reduction in several mobile schooling species. By contrast, there was early and sustained recruitment of a variety of sparid species, which are of importance to recreational and commercial fisheries.  相似文献   

Response of estuarine consumer communities following the stocking of a juvenile penaeid (Penaeus plebejus) over two consecutive years          下载免费PDF全文

A. Becker  M. B. Lowry  M. D. Taylor 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(1):54-65

Research programmes that monitor and evaluate the impact of stocking activities are essential to quantify effects of stocking and provide information for adaptive management of future releases. The consumer communities in two estuaries stocked with 5.8 million post‐larvae eastern king prawn Penaeus plebejus (Hess) were monitored, both before and after stocking, and relative to two similar reference estuaries. Following stocking, there was evidence of increases in the abundances of prawns within stocked estuaries. Communities in all four estuaries showed significant levels of variation over time as well as among the systems themselves. Changes in overall diversity were similarly observed. The presence or absence of vegetation and other seasonal effects were found to explain most of the observed variation in the community assemblage, while prawn stocking appeared to have a little detectable influence. While this study points to minimal impacts of prawn stocking on the consumer community at the densities used, research into potential shifts in resource use by competitors and the growth and survival of prawns is required to fully understand post‐release changes in stocked systems.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary phosphorus on selenium retention in postweaning swine     

K R Lowry  D C Mahan  J R Corley 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(6):1438-1446

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary Se and P levels on Se retention in postweaning swine. A 20% protein corn-soybean meal diet at two dietary Se levels (.3 and 5.0 ppm) and four total P levels (.50, .70, .90, 1.10%) were fed. Supplemental Se was provided from sodium selenite with inorganic P from dicalcium phosphate. In Exp. I, 151 pigs weaned at 4 wk of age were allotted by sex, litter and weight and fed their treatment diets for 28 d after a 7-d adjustment to a basal diet. Dietary Se level had no effect on performance measurements. As dietary P level increased, there was an increase in daily gain, feed intake and a decrease in feed to gain ratio. Dietary P resulted in similar plasma, longissimus muscle and kidney tissue Se values within each dietary Se level, while liver Se declined as dietary P level increased. Dietary P level had no effect on plasma, heart or liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. In Exp. II, 32 barrows, after being fed their diets for a 28-d period, were placed in individual metabolism crates where a balance trial was conducted. Dietary P level reduced absolute and percentage Se retention, particularly at dietary P levels of .90 and 1.10%. Phosphorus retention was not affected by dietary Se. Neither dietary P nor Se level had any effect on N retention. These results suggest an effect of dietary P level on Se retention and liver Se, particularly at dietary P levels above the pig's P requirement, while the effect is minimal at or below the pig's P requirement.  相似文献