Role of parathyroid hormone in the anemia of chronic terminal renal dysfunction in dogs     

M B Petrites-Murphy  K R Pierce  S R Lowry  J W Fisher 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(11):1898-1905

Terminal renal dysfunction (TRD) was induced in 2 groups of dogs by partial surgical ablation of the kidney. Dogs of a control group and of 1 of the TRD groups were maintained on a diet containing normal phosphorus concentration, whereas dogs of the other TRD group were maintained on a low-phosphorus diet. Mild anemia developed in dogs of both TRD groups and could not be attributed to iron deficiency, increased erythrocyte concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, or absolute deficiency of erythropoietin (EP). Subsequently, all dogs were acutely depleted of approximately 25% of their blood volume. Erythropoietin concentration in dogs of the TRD groups was lower than that of controls, however, erythroid regenerative capacity was comparable with that of control dogs when plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration was lowered by reduced dietary intake of phosphorus. The PCV in dogs of the chronic TRD groups had a slight positive correlation with serum EP concentration, and a significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlation with plasma PTH and serum phosphorus and creatinine concentrations, using a correlation matrix. There was no longer a significant correlation between plasma PTH concentration and PCV after controlling for serum creatinine concentration by use of a multiple linear regression analysis. A significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlation also was observed between plasma PTH and serum EP concentrations, but not between serum EP and phosphorus or creatinine concentrations. Significance of the EP and PTH association was reduced when analyzed, using a multiple linear regression analysis that included serum creatinine values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing     

Ashley M. Fowler  Natalie A. Dowling  Jeremy M. Lyle  Josep Alós  Leif E. Anderson  Steven J. Cooke  Andy J. Danylchuk  Keno Ferter  Heath Folpp  Clifford Hutt  Kieran Hyder  Daniel K. Lew  Michael B. Lowry  Tim P. Lynch  Nicholas Meadows  Estanis Mugerza  Kjell Nedreaas  Domingos Garrone-Neto  Faith A. Ochwada-Doyle  Warren Potts  David Records  Scott Steinback  Harry V. Strehlow  Sean R. Tracey  Michael D. Travis  Jun-ichi Tsuboi  Jon Helge Vølstad  Rowan C. Chick 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(6):1003-1019

Recreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi-sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high-income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small-scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.  相似文献   

Urea cycle metabolism: effects of supplemental ornithine or citrulline on performance, tissue amino acid concentrations and enzymatic activity in young pigs fed arginine-deficient diets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M S Edmonds  K R Lowry  D H Baker 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(3):706-716

Two experiments were conducted with young pigs to determine the efficacy of ornithine (Orn) or citrulline (Cit) as precursors of arginine (Arg). In Exp. 1, pigs were individually fed an Arg-deficient, semipurified diet (.18% Arg) supplemented with .3% Arg or an equimolar quantity of Orn or Cit. Supplemental Arg or Cit increased rate and efficiency of weight gain, but Orn addition was without effect. Free Arg in plasma 3 h post-prandial was increased by addition of either Arg or Cit to the basal diet. Liver Arg was elevated by dietary addition of Arg, Orn or Cit; kidney Arg and Orn were elevated only in pigs receiving supplemental Cit. Arginine or Cit addition to the diet increased Arg concentration in muscle tissue, but muscle Orn was unresponsive to any of the supplements fed. In Exp. 2, pigs were again fed the Arg-deficient, semipurified diet supplemented with .3% Arg or four times an isomolar quantity of ornithine. Arginine addition to the diet increased weight gain and feed efficiency, while Orn supplementation was without effect. Plasma Orn was increased by excess Orn, while plasma Cit was unaffected by supplemental Arg or Orn. Moreover, excess Orn increased free Orn and proline (Pro) in liver, kidney and muscle. Free Cit, however, increased only in liver from feeding excess Orn. In addition, excess Orn decreased both plasma ammonia and free glutamine (Gln) concentration in brain. Arginase activity was roughly 10, 40 and 100 times greater in hepatic tissue than in renal cortex, renal medulla or intestinal mucosa, respectively, while hepatic ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC) activity was about 15 times greater than the activity present in mucosa tissue. Renal OTC activity was too low to be accurately measured.  相似文献   

Electrophoretic methods for detecting differences in seed proteins of soybean varieties and induced mutants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K L Lowry  J E Caton  D E Foard 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(6):1043-1045

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The Windscale legacy     

D Lowry 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4850):268-269

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Letters to the editor     

Lowry WK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4137):610

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Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats     

Ross SJ  Osborne CA  Kirk CA  Lowry SR  Koehler LA  Polzin DJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(6):949-957

Objective-To determine whether a renal diet modified in protein, phosphorus, sodium, and lipid content was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and mortality rate in cats with stage 2 or 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design-Double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals-45 client-owned cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD. Procedures-Cats were randomly assigned to an adult maintenance diet (n = 23 cats) or a renal diet (22) and evaluated trimonthly for up to 24 months. Efficacy of the renal diet, compared with the maintenance diet, in minimizing uremia, renal-related deaths, and all causes of death was evaluated. Results-Serum urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower and blood bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher in the renal diet group at baseline and during the 12- and 24-month intervals. Significant differences were not detected in body weight; Hct; urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; and serum creatinine, potassium, calcium, and parathyroid hormone concentrations. A significantly greater percentage of cats fed the maintenance diet had uremic episodes (26%), compared with cats fed the renal diet (0%). A significant reduction in renal-related deaths but not all causes of death was detected in cats fed the renal diet. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The renal diet evaluated in this study was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and renalrelated deaths in cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD.  相似文献   

Use of ultrasound to locate retained testes in dogs and cats     

Felumlee AE  Reichle JK  Hecht S  Penninck D  Zekas L  Dietze Yeager A  Goggin JM  Lowry J 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(5):581-585

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Massive phytoplankton blooms under Arctic sea ice   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Arrigo KR  Perovich DK  Pickart RS  Brown ZW  van Dijken GL  Lowry KE  Mills MM  Palmer MA  Balch WM  Bahr F  Bates NR  Benitez-Nelson C  Bowler B  Brownlee E  Ehn JK  Frey KE  Garley R  Laney SR  Lubelczyk L  Mathis J  Matsuoka A  Mitchell BG  Moore GW  Ortega-Retuerta E  Pal S  Polashenski CM  Reynolds RA  Schieber B  Sosik HM  Stephens M  Swift JH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6087):1408

Phytoplankton blooms over Arctic Ocean continental shelves are thought to be restricted to waters free of sea ice. Here, we document a massive phytoplankton bloom beneath fully consolidated pack ice far from the ice edge in the Chukchi Sea, where light transmission has increased in recent decades because of thinning ice cover and proliferation of melt ponds. The bloom was characterized by high diatom biomass and rates of growth and primary production. Evidence suggests that under-ice phytoplankton blooms may be more widespread over nutrient-rich Arctic continental shelves and that satellite-based estimates of annual primary production in these waters may be underestimated by up to 10-fold.  相似文献   

Genetic adaptation of White Leghorn hens to life in single cages     

D C Lowry  H Abplanalp 《British poultry science》1970,11(1):117-131

Specific adaptations of selected lines to their conditions of management were found for egg production, but not for several other traits, when hens of different selection histories were tested under both conditions. Floor selected sublines were superior to cage selected sublines in floor pens but inferior when both were tested in individual cages. The study involved three populations of two sublines in each of which selection for egg production had been practised over seven generations. Under one management birds from the three populations were intermingled in large floor pens; under the other, among individual cages.

The role of social dominance as expressed in competition for food was explored. Floor selected hens were the more dominant in floor pens as well as in paired tests in cages.  相似文献