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21.
Liméa Léticia Bocage Bruno Arquet Rémy Mahieu Maurice Alexandre Gisele 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):507-514
Carcass data base of 164 Creole male goats was used in order to provide factual data on the carcass conformation. Standardised
procedures of carcass measuring and cutting were followed. The European official grid of light lamb is implemented for meat
goat in the French West Indies and included five levels. Weights of carcass, cuts and tissues, quality scores and linear measurements
were analysed. Feeding system, age at slaughter and weight were taken into account for statistical analysis. There were significant
differences among carcass conformation classes (CC) for many traits except for the fat score, leg length and compactness ratio
(carcass width on length): 2.2, 34.5 cm and 0.30 on average, respectively. The values of chilled carcass weight and yield
and the carcass linear measurements steadily increased until conformation class 4 or 5: 6.7 to 11.2 kg, 49% to 55% and 52.4
to 58.0 cm carcass length. For the weights of carcass cuts, significant differences appeared between two groups: classes 1
and 2 vs. classes 3, 4 and 5. Regardless of the carcass weight, the distribution of prime cuts remained similar. The indices
calculated on a weight basis (kg/cm), either for the carcass or the leg, increased significantly (P < 0.01): with 54% and 63% difference between the two extreme classes, respectively. The muscle, bone and fat proportions
in the shoulder did not vary between CC with 0.72, 0.22 and 0.06, respectively. Corresponding traits in leg were 0.74, 0.23
and 0.03; the last two were different (P < 0.05) from class 1 to class 5. The muscle/bone ratios calculated either in shoulder or in leg ranged from 3.1 to 3.6 (P > 0.05). 相似文献
22.
Ortega-Jimenez E Alexandre G Arquet R Mahieu M Xandé A 《Tropical animal health and production》2005,37(2):151-165
In Guadeloupe, small ruminants are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotative grazing systems (irrigated, fertilized and high-stocked tropical pastures) allow satisfactory levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control these. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (residuals remained, RR). The same design was carried out over two years with Creole goats and Martinik sheep. An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year (dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats (36.0+/-2.5 kg) or 20 ewes (46.8+/-2.4 kg). The systems exhibited high levels of productivity in both species compared to other results in the tropics: more than 50 and 30 offspring born alive per hectare and per reproductive season for the goat and ewe flocks, respectively. The annual production at birth was 110 kg kids/ha per year and 133 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 21% more). Corresponding values at weaning were 630 kg kids/ha per year and 785 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 25% more). The RM system produced 10% more than the RR system in Creole goats, while it produced 35% more in Martinik sheep. Seasonal effects and other factors of variation are discussed. 相似文献
23.
The 247 calves from 112 Creole cows of Guadeloupe were monitored for Toxocara vitulorum infection from year 2002 to 2005. The cows were in good body condition and the calf growth rate was 880g/d on average. The
overall prevalence of infection was estimated to 0.77 [0.72; 0.83]. The faecal egg count peaked 49 days after calf birth,
and then decreased. No clinical symptom related to T. vitulorum infection was observed, and no effect on the calf growth rate was shown. It was concluded that, despite the high prevalence
of T. vitulorum, the production loss remains under the level of detection, and no drenching is needed for well-fed animals. 相似文献
24.
Demers-Carpentier V Goubert G Masini F Lafleur-Lambert R Dong Y Lavoie S Mahieu G Boukouvalas J Gao H Rasmussen AM Ferrighi L Pan Y Hammer B McBreen PH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):776-780
The chemisorption of specific optically active compounds on metal surfaces can create catalytically active chirality transfer sites. However, the mechanism through which these sites bias the stereoselectivity of reactions (typically hydrogenations) is generally assumed to be so complex that continued progress in the area is uncertain. We show that the investigation of heterogeneous asymmetric induction with single-site resolution sufficient to distinguish stereochemical conformations at the submolecular level is finally accessible. A combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations reveals the stereodirecting forces governing preorganization into precise chiral modifier-substrate bimolecular surface complexes. The study shows that the chiral modifier induces prochiral switching on the surface and that different prochiral ratios prevail at different submolecular binding sites on the modifier at the reaction temperature. 相似文献
25.
The recent identification of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in alkaline soil extracts by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy allowed us to investigate this compound in soils by re-analyzing spectra from two previously published studies. Concentrations of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in 29 temperate pasture soils from England and Wales ranged between 11 and 130 mg P kg−1 soil and accounted for between 4 and 15% of the soil organic phosphorus. The ratio of scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate to myo-inositol hexakisphosphate ranged between 0.29 and 0.79. In a 10 month pot experiment with six grassland soils from New Zealand, growth of pine seedlings (Pinus radiata D. Don) decreased scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations by between 10 and 46%. Growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) decreased scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate in three low-nutrient soils by 5-21%, but increased it in three other soils by 11-16%. We conclude that scyllo-inositol hexakisphosphate is an important component of soil organic phosphorus with potential ecological significance. 相似文献