A Novel Semi-bionanofibers through Introducing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tragacanth Gum</Emphasis> into PET Attaining Rapid Wetting and Degradation     

Sara Jalali  Majid Montazer  Reza Mohammad Ali Malek 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(10):2088-2096

Untreated polyethylene terephthalate has limitation in some medical applications, such as wound dressing due to the hydrophobic property. Thereby, Tragacanth Gum (TG) as a natural polysaccharide utilized in polymer solution led to novel semi-bionanofibers of PET/TG blends (15:1, 15:2 and 15:3) through electrospinning method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the existence of hydrophilic groups of TG such as hydroxyl groups. Moreover, twice water uptake of PET/TG comparing with PET nanofibers indicated the hydrogel properties, also PET/TG nanofibers possessed high surface wettability through reduction of contact angle from 113 to 0°. Further, differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated the alteration in the crystalline structure of PET/TG nanofibers that led to faster degradation in various pH values. The SEM images of PET/TG nanofibers displayed the greater average diameter with increasing TG content (283 nm) comparing with PET nanofibers (193 nm). Also introducing more TG in the nanofibers exhibited lower mechanical properties.  相似文献   

Cotton Dyeing and Antibacterial Finishing Using Agricultural Waste by an Eco-friendly Process Optimized by Response Surface Methodology     

Aminoddin Haji  Majid Nasiriboroumand  Sayyed Sadroddin Qavamnia 《Fibers and Polymers》2018,19(11):2359-2364

In this study, Berberis vulgaris L. wood as an agricultural waste was used for dyeing and functional finishing of cotton. To facilitate the attachment of natural dye, citric acid was used to create carboxylic acid functional groups on cotton fibers. The process of crosslinking of cotton fabric with citric acid was optimized in order to obtain the maximum dyeability with the cationic natural dye. The effects of three important factors including citric acid concentration, sodium hypophosphite concentration and curing temperature on the color strength of the dyed samples with woods of barberry tree were analyzed by response surface methodology and the optimum conditions for obtaining the highest color strength was obtained. The crosslinking of citric acid on cotton fibers was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The dyed sample prepared under the optimum conditions of crosslinking showed good wash and light fastness properties besides very good antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.  相似文献   

Minimizing Ammonia Volatilization from Urea in Waterlogged Condition Using Chicken Litter Biochar     

Perumal Palanivell  Nik Muhamad Ab Majid 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(17):2083-2092

Application of urea in lowland rice fields leads to ammonia (NH₃) volatilization and environmental pollution, and diminishes nitrogen recovery by rice (Oryza sativa L.). Amending urea with biochar could reduce NH₃ loss from urea as well as improve chemical properties of acid soils. An incubation study was conducted using a closed-dynamic air flow system to determine NH₃ volatilization from urea and chemical properties of an acid soil (Typic Paleudults). The soil was mixed with three rates of chicken litter biochar (20, 40, and 60 g pot^?1) and 1.31 g urea. Mixing an acid soil with biochar (60 g pot^?1) in waterlogged to stimulate conditions in paddy condition significantly reduced NH₃ loss and total titratable acidity. Biochar application also increased soil pH, total nitrogen, available nitrate, organic matter, total organic carbon, total carbon, available phosphorus, and exchangeable cations. Thus, chicken litter biochar can be used to reduce urea-N loss and ameliorate chemical properties of acid soils. This aspect is being embarked on in our on-going field experiments.  相似文献   

Drought and biostimulant impacts on mineral nutrients,ambient and reflected light-based chlorophyll index,and performance of perennial ryegrass     

Shahla Mahdavi  Esmaeil Fallahi  Majid Shokrpour  Leila Tabrizi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(16):2248-2258

Water shortage is a critical issue worldwide, and it may adversely impact non-food landscape plants. Thus, the impact of two levels of evapotranspiration-based (ETc) water stresses and two biostimulants consisting of s-abscisic acid (s-ABA) and glycine betaine (GB), and their combined applications on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under climatic and soil conditions of the Intermountain West, USA, were studied. Clippings with 50% ETc had higher percentage dry weight (DW) but lower fresh weight (FW) and chlorophyll index (CI) than those with 75% ETc. The performance rating of plots with 75% ETc was significantly higher (better) than those receiving the 50% ETc treatment. Clippings with the 75% ETc treatment had higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), nitrate, phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) than those with the 50% ETc treatment. Considering all mineral nutrient values, CIs, and performance ratings, we conclude that the application of 75% ETc is sufficient for maintaining a healthy turfgrass with a satisfactory appearance, while we can save 25% water as compared to the application of water at 100%. The application of biostimulants had no effect on clipping or root FWs, DWs, or percentage DWs. Clippings from GB-treated turfgrass had significantly higher N than those from all other biostimulants or non-treated control. Additionally, clippings from the plots with the GB treatment had significantly higher S, K, and Cl but lower Zn. Clippings from the s-ABA-treated turfgrass also had significantly higher K than those in non-treated control. Average performance ratings in s-ABA and GB, and s-ABA and GB were significantly higher than those in non-treated control, underscoring the values of these biostimulants in the reduction of drought stress.  相似文献   

Accumulation and phytoremediation of Pb,Zn, and Ag by plants growing on Koshk lead–zinc mining area,Iran     

Kobra Mahdavian  Seyed Majid Ghaderian  Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(5):1310-1320

  相似文献   

Enhancing Nitrogen Availability,Ammonium Adsorption-Desorption,and Soil pH Buffering Capacity using Composted Paddy Husk     

O. Latifah  O. H. Ahmed  N. M. Abdul Majid 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(12):1483-1493

Form of nitrogen present in soils is one of the factors that affect nitrogen loss. Nitrate is mobile in soils because it does not absorb on soil colloids, thus, causing it to be leached by rainfall to deeper soil layers or into the ground water. On the other hand, temporary retention and timely release of ammonium in soils regulate nitrogen availability for crops. In this study, composted paddy husk was used in studies of soil leaching, buffering capacity, and ammonium adsorption and desorption to determine the: (i) availability of exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, and total nitrogen in an acid soil after leaching the soil for 30 days, (ii) soil buffering capacity, and (iii) ability of the composted paddy husk to adsorb and desorb ammonium from urea. Leaching of ammonium and nitrate were lower in all treatments with urea and composted paddy husk compared with urea alone. Higher retention of soil exchangeable ammonium, available nitrate, and total nitrogen of the soils with composted paddy husk were due to the high buffering capacity and cation exchange capacity of the amendment to adsorb ammonium thus, improving nitrogen availability through temporary retention on the exchange sites of the humic acids of the composted paddy husk. Nitrogen availability can be enhanced if urea is amended with composted paddy husk.  相似文献   

Short Term Enhancement of Nutrients Availability in Zea mays L. Cultivation on an Acid Soil Using Compost and Clinoptilolite Zeolite     

Omar Latifah  Nik Muhamad Abdul Majid 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(1):22-35

To avoid environmental pollution due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, it is essential to increase the availability of nutrients using environmentally friendly resources, such as composts and clinoptilolite zeolite, in soil fertility management. In this study, an attempt was made to use different rates of inorganic fertilizers, compost, and clinoptilolite zeolite to correct the ongoing excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. A pot study using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop was carried out to determine the effects of amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite on: (i) selected soil chemical properties, and (ii) N, P, and K uptake and use efficiency in maize cultivation. The pot study was conducted for 45 days (tasseling stage of maize). Amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite increased soil total N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and available P. Furthermore, P and K uptake and use efficiency of maize were significantly improved upon amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite. Soil chemical properties and productivity of maize on acid soils can be improved through co-application of compost and clinoptilolite zeolite. However, field application of the authors’ findings is being evaluated in an on-going field experiment.  相似文献   

Effects of age and host availability on reproduction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trioxys angelicae</Emphasis> Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphis fabae</Emphasis> Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae)     

Majid Mahmoudi  Ahad Sahragard  Jalal Jalali Sendi 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(1):33-39

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of Trioxys angelicae Haliday (Hym.: Braconidae) age and host density (Aphis fabae Scopoli) (Hem.: Aphididae) on selected attributes of parasitoid reproductive biology. The number of hosts parasitized per day was used as an estimate of wasp fecundity. Parasitoid longevity was not affected by host density and at host densities of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 60 aphids per day; the parasitoids lived an average of 8.96 ± 0.82 days at 21°C. At host densities of ≤20 aphids per day, lifetime fecundity of a single Trioxys angelicae female was limited by the number of hosts available. Lifetime fecundity was highest with an average of 158.14 ± 20.33 at a density of 30 aphids per day; the maximum number of aphids parasitized by any female was 235. Daily fecundity and sex ratio were affected by parasitoid age and host density. Age-specific fecundity at different host densities fitted well to a nonlinear model. In conclusion, the fecundity and female progeny production of Trioxys angelicae as an important biological control agent of A. fabae is influenced by host availability.  相似文献   

Boron doped diamond biosensor for detection of Escherichia coli     

Majid E  Male KB  Luong JH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7691-7695

o-Nitrophenol, released from o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranose as catalyzed by beta-galactosidase, a tetramer of Escherichia coli, has been exploited for the detection of E. coli contamination in foodstuffs. This reaction was detected using a boron doped diamond electrode poised at +0.93 V, without any surface modification. The enzyme was effectively induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside with the maximum enzyme activity observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50 degrees C. A biphasic calibration plot was observed: 4 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) cells/mL and 2 x 10(5) to 6 x 10(6) cells/mL for the first and second region, respectively. The detection limit was 4 x 10(4) cells/mL with a total analysis time of <1.5 h. Electrode fouling was easily overcome by approximately 40 rapid CV scans, and the method was applicable for detecting E. coli in artificially spiked samples of beef, pork, chicken, milk, and tap water.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and gene-pool subdivisions of diploid D-genome <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aegilops tauschii</Emphasis> Coss. (Poaceae) in Iran as revealed by AFLP     

Hojjatollah Saeidi  Badradin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei  Mehdi Rahimmalek  Majid Talebi-Badaf  Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(8):1231-1238

The diploid goatgrass Aegilops tauschii is considered the D-genome donor of bread wheat and has probably a centre of diversity in north of Iran. In order to measure the genetic diversity of and the relationships among different populations, varieties and subspecies belonging to Ae. tauschii in Iran, DNA was extracted from 48 accessions of Ae. tauschii collected across the geographic range of the species in the Country and the genetic diversity was assessed using AFLPs based on eight PstI/MseI +3 primer pairs resulted in 277 bands, 198 of which were polymorphic. High level polymorphism was detected, with an average of polymorphism rate of 0.715; relatively low genetic similarity (0.455) between accessions and significant difference between the lowest (0.179) and the highest genetic similarity (0.817). The Iranian Ae. tauschii populations showed high level of genetic diversity. The populations studied were divided into two groups: one group was mainly representing Northern populations collected from Southern Caspian Sea shore and the other group was mainly representing Northeast and Northwest populations. Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that Ae. tauschii possesses two separate gene-pools in Iran: Northern and Northeastern–Northwestern. Considering the needs for introducing new characteristics and alleles for wheat improvement purposes, Ae. tauschii Iranian gene-pool is assumed to be of high importance for more investigation in the future.  相似文献