Comparison of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil pH and salinity in agricultural coastal areas,northern Iran     

Mostafa Emadi  Majid Baghernejad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(9):1315-1327

This study attempted to characterize the spatial distributions of soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC_e) of coastal fields in the Miyandoroud region, northern Iran, for three soil layer depths by assessing spatial variability and comparing different interpolation techniques such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), ordinary kriging (OK), and conditional simulations (CS). Three soil composite samples were collected from 0–50, 50–100, and 100–150 cm depths at 105 sampling sites. At all three soil depths, pH and EC_e were best fitted by exponential and spherical models, respectively. Nugget effects were higher for soil EC_e data sets compared with soil pH at all three soil depths showing soil EC_e had a spatial variability in small distances. The prediction accuracy of the interpolation methods indicated that the minimum error for all data sets was achieved with the OK method, except for pH at 50–100 cm depth, and the CS technique revealed the largest error. The effect of different numbers of simulations (100, 500 and 1000) in the CS interpolation method resulted not in a realistic mapping for the soil EC_e and pH. Considering the high importance of irrigated agriculture in the Caspian Sea coastal areas, more subsoil salinity build-up and groundwater salinity monitoring plans are needed as a prerequisite for sustainable agricultural production systems of the future.  相似文献   

Zinc fractions in soil and uptake by wheat as affected by different preceding crops     

Mojtaba Norouzi  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh  Majid Afyuni 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):670-678

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in alkaline and calcareous soils. Limited information is available on the effect of preceding crops on the distribution of Zn in soil solid phase. This field study was conducted to investigate the changes in Zn chemical forms in soil solid phase as affected by four preceding crops [Sunflower (Heilianthus annuus L. cv. Allstar), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Speed Feed), Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv. Koseh-e-Isfahan)] in a calcareous soil. A control treatment with no preceding crop (fallow) was also used. Our results showed that the preceding crops increased Zn concentration in exchangeable fraction (EXCH-Zn), the organically bound zinc form (ORG-Zn) and zinc bound to iron and manganese oxides (FeMnOX-Zn) while decreased carbonates bound-zinc (CAR-Zn) and residual zinc forms (RES-Zn). However, the changes in Zn fractions were dependent on the preceding crop type. The EXCH-Zn and ORG-Zn pools can be considered labile pools that play significant roles in supplying Zn for plants. Among the preceding crops used in this experiment, clover (Clo) had the highest effect on transforming CAR-Zn form to EXCH-Zn and ORG-Zn labile forms and thus resulted in the highest Zn accumulation in tissues of the target wheat (Triticumaestivum L. cv. Back Cross). Although the changes in chemical forms of Zn in the soil solid phase are complex and dependent on various factors, our findings showed that the preceding crops significantly increased the concentration of Zn in exchangeable and organic matter pools and in turn resulted in higher uptake of Zn by the target wheat.  相似文献   

GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF TUBEROSE AS AFFECTED BY ADDING NATURAL ZEOLITE TO THE CULTURE MEDIUM     

Majid Bahadoran  Hassan Salehi  Saeid Eshghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10):1491-1496

This research was conducted to investigate the effect of natural zeolite on vegetative growth and flower characteristics of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). The experiment was performed as a completely randomized design with seven treatments (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g zeolite/kg soil mixture along with control) and four replicates. Results indicate that zeolite increased the height of flowering stem, diameter of flower, leaf area and chlorophyll content, but decreased the diameter of flowering stem, dry weight of shoots, and roots and bulblets. Overall, zeolite added to the soil mixture had beneficial effects on only some of the parameters of tuberose growth and development.  相似文献   

The Effect of Irrigation Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer On Grain Yield and Water-use Efficiency of Rice Cultivars in Northern Iran     

Eisapour Nakhjiri  Sajad  Ashouri  Majid  Sadeghi  Seyyed Mostafa  Mohammadian Roshan  Naser  Rezaei  Mojtaba 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2021,73(3):359-366

Gesunde Pflanzen - Alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) is a water-conserving strategy in rice fields. An experiment, conducted as a split-split plot design and based on...  相似文献   

Retraction Note to: A reexamination of molecular markers for use in marker-assisted breeding in tomato     

Dilip R. Panthee  Majid R. Foolad 《Euphytica》2013,194(1):149-149

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Crop breeding for salt tolerance in the era of molecular markers and marker‐assisted selection     

Muhammad Ashraf  Majid R. Foolad 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):10-20

Crop salt tolerance (ST) is a complex trait affected by numerous genetic and non‐genetic factors, and its improvement via conventional breeding has been slow. Recent advancements in biotechnology have led to the development of more efficient selection tools to substitute phenotype‐based selection systems. Molecular markers associated with genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting important traits are identified, which could be used as indirect selection criteria to improve breeding efficiency via marker‐assisted selection (MAS). While the use of MAS for manipulating simple traits has been streamlined in many plant breeding programmes, MAS for improving complex traits seems to be at infancy stage. Numerous QTLs have been reported for ST in different crop species; however, few commercial cultivars or breeding lines with improved ST have been developed via MAS. We review genes and QTLs identified with positive effects on ST in different plant species and discuss the prospects for developing crop ST via MAS. With the current advances in marker technology and a better handling of genotype by environment interaction effects, the utility of MAS for breeding for ST will gain momentum.  相似文献   

Biomass partitioning during the life cycle of saffron (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crocus sativus</Emphasis> L.) using regression models     

Mohammad Ali Behdani  Majid Jami Al-Ahmadi  Hamid-Reza Fallahi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2016,19(1):71-76

In this study saffron biomass partitioning was investigated in the research station of the Saffron Research Group, University of Birjand, Iran during 2009 - 2010. Plant sampling was done 25 times during the crop growth cycle. In each sampling date, the amounts of corm dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf dry weight, leaf area, bud number, bud dry weight (nodes on the surface of the corm), and flower weight were measured. Finally, different regression models were tested for predicting biomass partitioning in saffron. The cubic polynomial model was found to be the best for predicting biomass changes in most saffron organs (R ² = ~74%). Total corm dry weight showed a decreasing trend up to the 120^th day of plant growth and then increased until the end of the life cycle (mid-May). However, different trends were observed for root and leaf dry weights. Root and leaf dry weight increased up to the 120^th and 150^th day of the plant growth cycle, respectively, followed then by decreasing trends. Therefore, in the early growing season, leaves and root systems were developed using mother corms reservoirs, but at the end of the growth cycle replacement corms were grown by translocation of reservoirs from other saffron organs. In addition, the number and dry weight of buds had increasing trends during 160 days of measurement from the beginning of the growing season. The total length of roots and leaf area increased up to the middle of the growth cycle (Feb. 10) and then decreased. Moreover, saffron flower yield showed a rapid increasing trend in the first phase of the flowering period and then declined with a slower trend during the second flowering phase.  相似文献   

Growth,Survival, Protein Content,and Phytoremediation Potency of Various Rangeland Plant Species (Medicago polymorpha L., Medicago rigidula L., and Onobrychis sativa L.) Grown in Vermicompost-Containing Potting Media     

Davoud Akhzari  Majid Khedmati  Ali Reza Soleymani 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(20):2261-2270

A pot experiment based on completely randomized factorial arrangement design with four replications was conducted under greenhouse condition at Malayer University, Malayer, Iran. Pots contained a mixture of soil and different concentrations (0% and 60% w/w) of vermicompost. Plants were exposed to three lead nitrate concentrations: 0, 4, and 8 mM. Based on the results of this research, shoot height and root length of the studied plants significantly decreased with increased lead concentrations in all vermicompost application levels. Generally, plants exposed to lower levels of lead and vermicompost application had higher root:shoot ratio. The survival capacity of all the studied plants was significantly reduced with increased lead concentrations, but increased with increased vermicompost application level. The total protein content increased with decrease in lead nitrate concentration, but decreased with decrease in vermicompost application. Generally, translocation factor increased significantly as vermicompost application rate increased. The highest root concentration factor of lead was found in V1×Pb2 as compared to the other treatment levels. Generally, tolerance index values of all the studied plants were significantly higher in the lower lead concentration treatments.  相似文献   

Subcritical soil hydrophobicity in the presence of native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal species at different soil salinity levels     

Vajiheh Dorostkar  Majid Afyuni  Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh  Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi  Farhad Rejali 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(3):429-443

Soil salinity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence the soil hydrophobicity. An experiment was performed to determine the effects of soil salinity and AMF species on soil water repellency (SWR) under wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. Six AMF treatments, including four exotic species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae and Claroideoglomus claroideum, a mix of three species), one mix native AMF species treatment and an AMF-free soil in combination with four salinity levels (1, 5, 10, and 15 dS m^?1) were used. The soil repellency index (RI) increased with salinity increment ranging from 2.4 to 10.5. The mix of three exotic and native AMF treatments enhanced the RI significantly compared to AMF-free soil in all salinity levels with one exception for native treatment at 1 dS m^?1. Among individual AMF species, the C. claroideum treatment at 10 dS m^?1 increased the RI by 67% compared to AMF-free soil. The native AMF treatment was more efficient in root colonization, glomalin production and SWR development at 10 and 15 dS m^?1, compared to exotic species. In addition to the net positive effect of salinity on SWR, the AMF influences on the RI were greatly dependent on salinity levels.  相似文献   

Agronomic and economic efficiency of ground tire rubber and rubber ash used as zinc fertilizer sources for wheat     

Shiva Ghiasi  Majid Afyuni  Rufus L. Chaney 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(10):1412-1420

The aim of this 2-year field experiment was to investigate agronomic and economic efficiency of ground tire rubber and rubber ash as zinc (Zn) sources for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Kavir and Back Cross) compared with a commercial zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄). A similar rate of Zn was used by soil incorporation of 40 kg/ha ZnSO₄, 200 kg/ha waste tire rubber ash, and 1000 kg/ha ground rubber. A no Zn added treatment was also considered as control. All Zn fertilizers significantly increased grain yield of wheat over the control, although effectiveness of rubber ash was greater than the other Zn sources. Wheat plants treated with rubber ash accumulated higher Zn in their grains compared with those treated with ground rubber and ZnSO₄. Tire rubber ash had the highest agronomic and economic efficiency and contained low levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Therefore, it can be used as an economic substitution for commercial ZnSO₄.  相似文献