Variability of resistance in goats infected with Haemonchus contortus in Brazil     

Costa CA  Vieira LD  Berne ME  Silva MU  Guidoni AL  Figueiredo EA 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,88(1-2):153-158

The variability between and within breeds with respect to nematode egg counts (EPG), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) was studied in 36 yearling female goats of the Caninde (15), Bhuj (6) and Anglo-Nubian (15) breeds, exposed to Haemonchus contortus. Nematode-free goats were turned to a contaminated paddock in late February. From then on, fecal egg per gram counts (EPG), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined at 2-week intervals up to Week 18. The EPG, transformed as [log(EPG + 75)], varied (P < 0.01) between goats within breeds and between weeks of exposure, but not between goat breeds (P > 0.05). PCV and Hb were affected by goat breeds (P < 0.05), by goats within breeds (P < 0.01) and by weeks of exposure (P < 0.01). Anglo-Nubians had higher (P < 0.01) PCV and Hb than Caninde; Bhuj had intermediate values. There were two EPG rises; one between Weeks 6 and 10 and the other between Weeks 14 and 16. The within breed variability was marked during the EPG rise on Week 6, when individual egg counts ranged from 130 to 2500. The EPG rises coincided with drops in Hb. PCV presented a similar trend, though not as marked. Haemonchus was responsible for more than 95% of nematode eggs counted. Considering the goat as experimental unit, the correlation coefficients (r) were: -0.45, P = 0.0064, between log(EPG + 75) and PCV; and -0.53, P = 0.0009, between log(EPG + 75) and Hb. The negative correlation between egg counts and blood values suggested breed differences in PCV and Hb were related to resistance to H. contortus infection and/or to its effects.  相似文献   

Effect of diet on the feces quality in javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus auratus).     

Joeke Nijboer  Marcus Clauss  Moniek Olsthoorn  Wendy Noordermeer  Tjalling R Huisman  Celine Verheyen  Jan van der Kuilen  W Streich Jürgen  Anton C Beynen 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(3):366-372

A high intake of easily fermentable carbohydrates and a low intake of fiber material are generally regarded as major factors affecting the health of captive langurs. The effect on fecal consistency of excluding fruits and vegetables from the diet was evaluated in Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus auratus). Cross-over trials were carried out at Rotterdam Zoo and at the Apenheul Zoo, The Netherlands. During the first and third dietary period, the langurs were fed their usual diet, which contained fruits, vegetables, langur pellets, and browse. During the second period, the vegetables and fruits were excluded from the diet and the diet essentially consisted of pellets and browse. Feces consistency was scored using a fecal score chart developed for langurs. During the second feeding period the feces consistency improved significantly in animals at both zoos. Across all trials, a firmer feces consistency was correlated with an increase in dietary cell wall (measured as neutral detergent fiber) and a decrease in dietary water. It is suggested that the combined decrease in the intake of soluble sugars, the increase of fiber intake, and a lower amount of dietary water in the diet resulted in more solid stools. The results indicate that a dietary neutral detergent fiber content of approximately 46% in dry matter will result in a feces consistency indicative of undisturbed gut function.  相似文献   

Bill impaction in a group of captive Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber).     

Sven Hammer  Simon Jensen  Raffy Borjal  Marcus Clauss 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(3):465-470

Flamingos are filter feeders that only rarely ingest larger food items. Their bill anatomy is adapted to the suction, filtration, and ejection of a fluid medium. This case report documents a rare case of bill impaction in a group of Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) that were kept in a mixed exhibit together with roseate spoonbills (Platalea ajaja) and scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber). The latter species received fatty minced meat as part of their diet, which was also accessible to the flamingos. Weakness and poor body condition of one flamingo were noted. On clinical examination, the animal was emaciated, hypoglycemic, and showed a severe impaction of the bill with a mixture of lard, mud, and sand. This mixture had compressed the tongue and eventually had most likely prevented further food intake. In five additional flamingos, a bulging of the gular area, similar to the extension of this area during the tongue-retraction stage of the feeding cycle, was noted and interpreted as a sign of tongue displacement by similar masses in their bills. All animals were caught and the masses removed. All animals resumed food intake immediately, and the emaciated animal rapidly improved in condition. Food presentation was changed so that the trays for the other species were no longer accessible to the flamingos, and no similar problems have been observed since that time.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of resistance mechanisms to Orobanche cumana in sunflower     

P. Letousey  A. de Zélicourt  C. Vieira Dos Santos  S. Thoiron  F. Monteau  P. Simier  P. Thalouarn  P. Delavault 《Plant pathology》2007,56(3):536-546

Resistance to the dicotyledenous parasite Orobanche cumana in sunflower is characterized by a low number of parasitic attachments and a confinement of the parasite in host tissues leading to its necrosis. To help understand what determines such resistance mechanisms, molecular, biochemical and histological approaches were employed before (early response) and after (late response) attachment of the broomrape parasite to susceptible (2603) and resistant (LR1) sunflower genotypes. The expression patterns of 11 defence-related genes known to be involved in different metabolic pathways (phenylpropanoids, jasmonate, ethylene) and/or in resistance mechanisms against microorganisms were investigated. RT-PCR and cDNA blot experiments revealed that the resistant genotype exhibited a stronger overall defence response against O. cumana than the susceptible one, involving marker genes of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. Among them, the SA-responsive gene, def. (defensin), appeared to be characteristic of LR1 sunflower resistance. However, no JA accumulation and similar SA contents (250–300 ng g⁻¹ FW) were measured by GC/MS in both genotypes, parasitized or not. In addition, three cDNAs, isolated by a suppression-subtractive hybridization, were shown to be strongly induced only in the resistant genotype 8 days post-inoculation, when the first O. cumana attachments occurred. These genes, putatively encoding a methionine synthase, a glutathione S-transferase and a quinone oxidoreductase, might be involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, suggesting the occurrence of an oxidative burst during the incompatible interaction. Finally, host cell-wall modifications leading to parasite-confinement were correlated with more intense callose depositions in the resistant genotype, concomitant with over-expression of the callose synthase cDNA HaGSL1 .  相似文献   

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in New England horses: serologic survey   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

L C Marcus  M M Patterson  R E Gilfillan  P H Urband 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(12):2570-2571

Twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for Borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against B burgdorferi. One of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. This difference in the number of horses seropositive for B burgdorferi (P less than 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting Leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to B burgdorferi and that the spirochete induced an antibody response in the horses.  相似文献   

The impact of grade of laryngeal function immediately prior to laryngoplasty and ipsilateral ventriculocordectomy on postoperative performance: 623 Thoroughbred racehorses (1998-2013)     

Ali H. Broyles  Rolf M. Embertson  J. Brett Woodie  Vinicius Machado 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(5):856-864

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Mild to moderate overweight in dogs: is there an impact on routine hematological and biochemical profiles,echocardiographic parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation?     

Vieira  Aline Bomfim  Restrepo  Mariana Alvarez  Auzenne  Danielle  Molina  Kevin  O’Sullivan  Meghan  Machado  Marcus Vinicius  Cavanaugh  Sarah Marie 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):527-535

Veterinary Research Communications - Obesity is considered the most common nutritional disease of dogs. Even though overt obesity is more likely to impair health, even moderately overweight dogs...  相似文献   

A new Delta7,22 sterol from the bulbs of Autonoë madeirensis     

Paulo A  Dias C  Jimeno ML  Borges C  Nascimento J 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):765-767

The spectral data of a new Δ^7,22 sterol, 24S-ethyl-5α-cholesta-7,22E-dien-3α-ol β-galactopyranoside, isolated from the bulbs of Autonoë madeirensis, are reported.  相似文献   

Risk factors to incidental leptospirosis and its role on the reproduction of ewes and goats of Espírito Santo state,Brazil     

Cortizo  Priscilla  Loureiro  Ana Paula  Martins  Gabriel  do Rodrigues  Patrícia Rosário  Faria  Braulio Pego  Lilenbaum  Walter  Deminicis  Bruno Borges 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(1):231-235

Ovine and caprine stockbreeding have been gaining attention in developing countries as an attractive investment. On these animals, infectious diseases of the reproductive tract, such as leptospirosis, can compromise the production leading to economic losses. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with incidental leptospirosis and its influence on the reproductive parameters of ewes and goats of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A total of 737 animals distributed on 24 herds/flocks were studied, and an overall prevalence of 10.9 % seroreactive animals was observed. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most frequent in goats (97.0 %) as well as in ewes (78.3 %). Regarding risk factors related to leptospirosis, the presence of waterholes and the semi-intensive breeding system were the most important associated to seroreactivity. Besides, there was an observed association between seroreactivity and reproductive failures (P?<?0.05). Moreover, seroreactive ewes (relative risk (RR)?=?1.3) and goats (RR?=?1.9) presented more chances to have abortions than seronegative animals. Furthermore, seroreactive ewes presented 11.6 more chances of having premature births when compared to the seronegative ones. It can be concluded that Leptospira infection, mainly those caused incidental strains (such as Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup), is a significant factor to reduce the productivity of small ruminants’ herds/flocks in the studied region, and environmental measures must be considered on control programs.

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Reproductive and productive performances of Santa Inês ewes submitted to breeding in different periods of the Amazonian humid tropical climate     

Felipe Nogueira Soares  Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira  Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi  Luís Guilherme de Oliveira  Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano  Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira  Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira  Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente  Cristian Faturi  Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1465-1471

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