Reproductive and productive performances of Santa Inês ewes submitted to breeding in different periods of the Amazonian humid tropical climate     

Felipe Nogueira Soares  Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira  Luciana Cristina Padilha-Nakaghi  Luís Guilherme de Oliveira  Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano  Felipe Brener Bezerra de Oliveira  Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira  Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente  Cristian Faturi  Luiz Fernando de Souza Rodrigues 《Tropical animal health and production》2015,47(8):1465-1471

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Ocular dimensions,corneal thickness,and corneal curvature in quarter horses with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia          下载免费PDF全文

Peres R. Badial  Luis Emiliano Cisneros‐Àlvarez  Cláudia Valéria S. Brandão  José Joaquim T. Ranzani  Mayana A.R.V. Tomaz  Vania M. Machado  Alexandre S. Borges 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2015,18(5):385-392

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Less is more: Little seed processing required for direct seeding in seasonal tropics     

Correia  Matheus Rezende de Mesquita  Ferreira  Maxmiller Cardoso  Alves  Monique  Consolaro  Hélder Nagai  Vieira  Daniel Luis Mascia 《New Forests》2022,53(4):695-719

Seed processing and dormancy break treatments are recommended for rendering seeds restoration-ready. Conversely, fruit structures and seed coats may protect seeds from environmental harm in the field. We evaluated the effects of seed processing (by either keeping fruit structures or extracting seeds) and/or scarification (of physically dormant seeds) on the seedling emergence and establishment of 10 legume tree species from tropical forests and savannas of Central Brazil. We sowed seeds in a greenhouse for reference and in a field experiment conducted in tilled ready-to-seed sites. We monitored seedling emergence and survival for a year. We calculated the costs of harvesting, processing, and pretreating seeds, and considered the final cost of a 1-year-old seedling. Seed extraction resulted in lower emergence for most species in the greenhouse and in the field. It also accelerated emergence of three and four species in the greenhouse and the field, respectively. Scarification resulted in lower seedling emergence in the field for half of the species, while it increased emergence of three species in the greenhouse. Most species presented accelerated emergence both in the greenhouse and the field. The seedling cost was 1.6 to 74.6 times higher when seeds were processed, and 1.3 to 6.0 times when seeds were scarified, except for one species. Keeping fruit structures and seed coats reduced the costs of seeds and increased the success of direct seeding.

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Performance and meat quality of broiler chickens that are fed diets supplemented with Agaricus brasiliensis mushrooms     

João Borges Guimarães  Éder Clementino dos Santos  Eustáquio Souza Dias  Antônio Gilberto Bertechini  Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila  Francesca Silva Dias 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(8):1509-1514

This trial was performed to study the use of the mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis as an alternative additive to antimicrobial growth promoters in broiler chicken diets and to assess the quality of the broiler chicken breast meat of birds that are fed diets containing this fungus. Thus, 595 1-day-old chicks were reared in reused poultry litter without anticoccidial and antimicrobial additives. The results showed that a concentration of 1.6 g mushrooms/kg diet was ideal for these birds because it provided better bird performance. When the birds’ immune system organs were analyzed, it was found that the addition of both mushrooms influenced the immune system organs of these broiler chickens. Adding A. brasiliensis to broiler chicken diets did not compromise breast meat quality.  相似文献   

Adoption of milk cooling technology among smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya     

Florence Gathoni Gachango  Laura Mørch Andersen  Søren Marcus Pedersen 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):179-184

Factors influencing adoption of milk cooling technology were studied with data for 90 smallholder dairy farmers who were randomly selected from seven dairy cooperative societies in Kiambu County, Kenya. Logistic regression identified the age of the household head, daily household milk consumption, freehold land ownership, fodder production area, number of female calves, cooperative membership and cooperative services as significant factors influencing farmers’ willingness to invest in milk cooling technology. These findings offer an entry point for increased interventions by policy makers and various dairy sector stakeholders in promoting milk cooling technology with the aim of significantly reducing post-harvest losses and increasing the sector’s competitiveness.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the effectiveness of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium in the biological control of gastrointestinal nematodes in female bovines bred in the semiarid region     

Manoel Eduardo da Silva  Fabio Ribeiro Braga  Luana Alcântara Borges  Jair Mendes de Oliveira  Walter dos Santos Lima  Marcos Pezzi Guimarães  Jackson Victor de Araújo 《Veterinary research communications》2014,38(2):101-106

Brazil has a herd of 212 million cattle and 171 million hectares of pastures that produce approximately 96 % of Brazilian beef. The Brazilian production system enables animal infection by endoparasites, which are considered one of the main obstacles for the development of this industry and are responsible for considerable economic losses. The control of parasitic diseases is performed via the administration of antiparasitic drugs, but they leave residues of the products in the treated animal, affect non-target organisms and select resistant strains of the parasites. The species D. flagrans and M. thaumasium are promising and sustainable alternatives for controlling gastrointestinal helminths of ruminants and other herbivores. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of isolates of these species, formulated in a sodium alginate matrix and administered twice a week, to reduce the number of environmental infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes that affect prepubescent zebu females. The treated animals presented fewer eggs and a lower number of infective larvae per gram of faeces (p?<?0.05). The pastures occupied by treated animals showed a statistically significant reduction (p?<?0.05) of the number of L₃ and, furthermore, the genera Cooperia sp., Haemonchus sp., and Oesophagostomum sp. were the most prevalent. The average weight of the animals did not differ statistically (p?>?0.05) among the treated and control groups. The use of sodium alginate pellets as vehicle for delivery of the fungus mycelia D. flagrans (isolate AC001) and M. thaumasium (isolate NF34A) proved effective in controlling trichostrongylids in prepubescent cows bred in the semi-arid region, with an effective reduction in the number of infective larvae in the pastures.  相似文献   

Effect of the replacement of Tifton 85 with maniçoba hay on the performance of Morada Nova hair sheep     

Dorgival Morais de Lima Jr.  Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho  Maria Norma Ribeiro  Ângela Maria Vieira Batista  Bárbara Ferraz Ferreira  Paulo de Barros Sáles Monteiro 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):995-1000

The use of native and adapted forages is an alternative for sustainable production systems in northeast Brazil. The goal of this study was to evaluate the substitution of Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay on the performance and carcass traits of Morada Nova hair sheep. The 16 lambs that were used in this study initially weighed 19.36?±?1.48 kg, were housed in individual pens, and were slaughtered at 58 days of confinement. The dry matter intake (839.84 g/day and 3.81 % WB) was higher (P?<?0.05) in sheep fed maniçoba hay. The feed conversion was 7.39 for sheep fed maniçoba hay. The empty body weight (21.61 kg) and cold carcass weight (11.40 kg) did not differ (P?>?0.05) between sheep fed different hay types. The replacement of Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay did not influence the loin eye area (cm²) or carcass compactness index (kg/cm). The replacement of Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay in Morada Nova sheep diet did not affect the weight gain or carcass characteristics. The maniçoba hay can be considered a forage resource for feeding sheep in Brazilian semiarid tropics.  相似文献   

Prevalence and risk factors associated with goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State,Brazil     

Vanessa Diniz Vieira  Thais Ferreira Feitosa  Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela  Sérgio Santos Azevedo  João Leite de Almeida Neto  Dayana Firmino de Morais  Ana Raquel Carneiro Ribeiro  Ana Célia Rodrigues Athayde 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(2):355-361

Gastrointestinal helminthiasis represents an obstacle to goat raising, causing severe damage to herds such as growth retardation, weight loss, and even death. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 256 goats from 54 farms were systematically sampled. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each animal for egg per gram (EPG), larval culture, and packed cell volume (PCV) analyses. We found that 79.3 % of the goats investigated were parasitized with gastrointestinal helminths. Significant correlation (p?=?0.004) was observed between the EPG and PCV of the animals studied, and it was observed that the EPG increases as the PCV decreases. In the larval culture, the most prevalent helminth was Haemonchus sp. (83.2 %). Age and sex were significant variables (p?≤?0.20) for the development of gastrointestinal helminths: 86.8 % of animals over 36 months of age and 81.7 % of females were infected. The variable type of animal exploitation was also significant, with 90.3 % (p?≤?0.20) of the animals presenting double suitability (milk and meat). The Sertão region of Paraíba State presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in goats, and age and type of animal exploitation are the most relevant risk factors to the development of these parasites.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of benzimidazole resistance polymorphisms in Haemonchus contortus isolated in Northeastern Brazil     

Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos  Jomar Patrício Monteiro  Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro  Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo  Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos  Luiz da Silva Vieira  Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):160-164

Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent nematode in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select 6 populations of H. contortus of known or suspected benzimidazole resistance status and characterize these using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) F200Y, F167Y and E198A in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. qPCR was performed using DNA from a pool of 10 adult male H. contortus from a single animal per farm. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and egg hatch test (EHT) were used to determine the resistance status. Samples were obtained from 6 farms located in 5 counties in the Ceará State: Tauá, Boa Viagem, Quixadá, Santa Quitéria and Solonópole. The inbred-susceptible-Edinburgh (ISE) isolate was used as reference for comparative purposes in the qPCR. Benzimidazole resistance was detected by FECRT on all farms with efficacy values ranging from 0 to 51%. EC50 values as determined by EHT were all above 1.49 μg/ml. High frequencies of the resistant SNPs F200Y and F167Y alleles were detected but no resistance was detected at SNP E198A. Our results suggest that the SNPs F167Y and F200Y are both important for benzimidazole resistance in the studied populations.  相似文献   

Xylogenesis of Pinus pinaster under a Mediterranean climate     

Joana Vieira  Sergio Rossi  Filipe Campelo  Helena Freitas  Cristina Nabais 《Annals of Forest Science》2014,71(1):71-80

Context

The knowledge on cambial activity in water-limited environments, such as the Mediterranean, is still fragmentary. Dendrochronological studies have determined that spring precipitation plays an important part in determining tree-ring width and the properties of tracheids. However, the complex relation between cambial phenology and climate is still far from understood.

Aims

We studied the influence of climate, especially water stress, on maritime pine wood formation with the aim of determining the influence of drought on cambial activity.

Methods

A plantation of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) was selected in the west coast of Portugal, to monitor cambial activity and wood formation using anatomical observations and band dendrometers. The trees were monitored weekly over 2 years (2010 and 2011).

Results

Xylem differentiation started earlier when warmer late winter temperatures were observed. Water stress triggered an earlier stop of wood formation and also the formation of tracheids with smaller lumen area. In both years a bimodal pattern of stem radial increment was registered by band dendrometers with two periods of increment: one in spring and another in autumn. The xylem anatomy study suggests that the autumnal increment period corresponded mostly to stem rehydration, since the differentiation of new xylem cells by the cambium was not observed.

Conclusion

Maritime pine cambial activity appears to be under a double climatic control: temperature influences cambial onset and water availability growth cessation.  相似文献