QUANTIFICATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS USING CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING COMPARED WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN DOMESTIC CATS     

Kristin A. MacDonald  Mark D. Kittleson  Tracy Reed  Richard Larson  Philip Kass  Erik R. Wisner 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(3):192-199

The hypotheses were that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) would accurately determine LV mass in domestic cats and would do so more accurately than echocardiography (ECHO). ECHO was performed on seven sedated cats. LV mass was calculated using the truncated ellipse formula from a right parasternal long-axis view. T1 weighted gradient echo cMRI was acquired from anesthetized cats during multiple phases of the cardiac cycle. Short-axis images were obtained by acquiring 3 mm thick contiguous slices perpendicular to the cardiac long axis. LV mass was determined using Simpson's rule. Endocardial and epicardial borders were traced on each slice at end-systole, end-diastole, and mid-cycle and the difference in areas was myocardial area. Myocardial area was multiplied by slice thickness to calculate myocardial volume. Total (summated) myocardial volume was multiplied by myocardial density (1.05) to obtain LV mass at three measured phases of the cardiac cycle. Cats were euthanized and the LV was dissected and weighed to determine true mass. CMRI at end-systole most accurately quantified LV mass and was more accurate than echocardiography (P = 0.0078). Actual LV mass ranged from 6.5 to 10.5 g (mean = 8.5 g, SD = 1.6 g) compared with MRI LV mass at end-systole, which ranged from 6.7 to 11.1 g (mean = 8.7 g, SD = 1.7 g) and echocardiographic LV mass at enddiastole, which ranged from 5.2 to 9.1 g (mean= 7.1 g, SD = 1.8 g). Inter- and intraobserver variability for cMRI was 2%. CMRI obtained at end-systole accurately and reliably quantifies LV mass in domestic cats. It is more accurate than the echocardiographic method used in this study.  相似文献   

Transmission of Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b to susceptible and vaccinated calves by exposure to persistently infected calves          下载免费PDF全文

Robert W. Fulton  Robert E. Briggs  Julia F. Ridpath  Jeremiah T. Saliki  Anthony W. Confer  Mark E. Payton  Glenn C. Duff  D.L. Step    D.A. Walker 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(3):161-169

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistently infected (PI) calves represent significant sources of infection to susceptible cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine if PI calves transmitted infection to vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, to determine if BVDV vaccine strains could be differentiated from the PI field strains by subtyping molecular techniques, and if there were different rates of recovery from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) versus serums for acutely infected calves. Calves PI with BVDV1b were placed in pens with nonvaccinated and vaccinated calves for 35 d. Peripheral blood leukocytes, serums, and nasal swabs were collected for viral isolation and serology. In addition, transmission of Bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1), Parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V), and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was monitored during the 35 d observation period. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b was transmitted to both vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves, including BVDV1b seronegative and seropositive calves, after exposure to PI calves. There was evidence of transmission by viral isolation from PBL, nasal swabs, or both, and seroconversions to BVDV1b. For the unvaccinated calves, 83.2% seroconverted to BVDV1b. The high level of transmission by PI calves is illustrated by seroconversion rates of nonvaccinated calves in individual pens: 70% to 100% seroconversion to the BVDV1b. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from 45 out of 202 calves in this study. These included BVDV1b in ranch and order buyer (OB) calves, plus BVDV strains identified as vaccinal strains that were in modified live virus (MLV) vaccines given to half the OB calves 3 d prior to the study. The BVDV1b isolates in exposed calves were detected between collection days 7 and 21 after exposure to PI calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was recovered more frequently from PBL than serum in acutely infected calves. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was also isolated from the lungs of 2 of 7 calves that were dying with pulmonary lesions. Two of the calves dying with pneumonic lesions in the study had been BVDV1b viremic prior to death. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b was isolated from both calves that received the killed or MLV vaccines. There were cytopathic (CP) strains isolated from MLV vaccinated calves during the same time frame as the BVDV1b isolations. These viruses were typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genetic sequencing, and most CP were confirmed as vaccinal origin. A BVDV2 NCP strain was found in only 1 OB calf, on multiple collections, and the calf seroconverted to BVDV2. This virus was not identical to the BVDV2 CP 296 vaccine strain. The use of subtyping is required to differentiate vaccinal strains from the field strains. This study detected 2 different vaccine strains, the BVDV1b in PI calves and infected contact calves, and a heterologous BVDV2 subtype brought in as an acutely infected calf. The MLV vaccination, with BVDV1a and BVDV2 components, administered 3 d prior to exposure to PI calves did not protect 100% against BVDV1b viremias or nasal shedding. There were other agents associated with the bovine respiratory disease signs and lesions in this study including Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma spp., PI-3V, BRSV, and BHV-1.  相似文献   

Fiber digestibility by the orangutan (Pongo abelii): in vitro and in vivo.     

Debra A Schmidt  Monty S Kerley  Janet L Dempsey  Ingrid J Porton  James H Porter  Mark E Griffin  Mark R Ellersieck  William C Sadler 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2005,36(4):571-580

Limited nutritional information exists on diets of free-ranging orangutans, Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus. Although they are classified as frugivores, the chemical composition of their diet and their gastrointestinal anatomy suggest that they rely on fiber fermentation for a substantial portion of energy. However, the extent to which they can ferment fiber is not known. Continuous culture systems, inoculated with orangutan fecal bacteria, were established to determine the fiber-digesting capacity of orangutan hindgut microflora. The cultures received one of four treatments: soybean hulls, ground corncobs, corn starch, or no food. Neither dry matter nor neutral detergent fiber digestibilities differed significantly among treatments. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were high for both the soybean hull (88.4%) and ground corncob (86.1%) treatments, indicating that the microflora had a strong fibrolytic capability. To determine whether the same fiber-degrading capacity occurred in vivo, two adult orangutans and one juvenile were fed four gel-matrix diets containing soybean hulls, ground corncobs, or ground primate biscuits. Neutral detergent fiber concentrations (dry matter basis) of the gel matrices were 52.9% with soybean hulls, 46.8% and 63.7% with ground corncobs, and 31.3% with ground primate biscuits. A fifth diet consisted of primate biscuits with 27.3% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) and was considered the baseline diet. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (74.5%) was greatest (P < 0.05) for the soybean hull gel diet and least (57.5% and 45.0%, respectively; P < 0.05) for the 63.7% neutral detergent fiber (dry matter basis) corncob gel diet and the baseline primate biscuit diet. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations in orangutan feces were not significantly different among diets; however, molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid differed (P < 0.05) among diets. The results from both studies indicated that orangutans are capable of extensive fiber fermentation.  相似文献   

Pulling the wool over the bovine genome     

Mark Thornley 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(7):386-386

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Bluetongue virus-induced activation of primary bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells     

DeMaula CD  Leutenegger CM  Jutila MA  MacLachlan NJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,86(3-4):147-157

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Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease     

Carter JN  Meredith GL  Montelongo M  Gill DR  Krehbiel CR  Payton ME  Confer AW 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(8):1111-1117

OBJECTIVE: To correlate serum concentrations of fibrinogen (Fib), haptoglobin (Hap), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) with clinical respiratory tract disease and response to treatment in transport-stressed feedlot cattle fed vitamin E-supplemented diets. ANIMALS: 387 heifer calves (mean initial weight, 197 kg). PROCEDURE: Calves purchased from an order buyer were delivered to a feedlot to study the effects of dietary supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin E for 0, 7, 14, or 28 days after arrival. Serum or plasma Fib, Hap, SAA, and AGP concentrations were measured on days 0, 7, and 28 after arrival as well as at the time of treatment for respiratory tract disease with antimicrobial drugs and after completion of treatment. RESULTS: Vitamin E supplementation was associated with decreased treatment costs. In cattle that were not recognized as sick or responded positively to 1 antimicrobial treatment, serum Hap concentrations were significantly lower on days 0 and 7 than concentrations for cattle that required > 1 treatment. Serum Hap concentrations and ratios of Hap to SAA on day 0 significantly correlated with the number of antimicrobial treatments required. Serum Hap concentrations at the time of initial treatment were significantly lower for cattle that required only 1 treatment, compared with those that required > 1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Serum Hap concentrations are of potential value for use in assessing feedlot cattle that may become ill as a result of respiratory tract disease and for use in monitoring treatment efficacy.  相似文献   

In vitro investigation of the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon     

Van Hoogmoed LM  Snyder JR  Harmon FA 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1496-1500

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 2 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors on contractile activity of the circular smooth muscle layer of the equine dorsal and ventral colon. SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of the dorsal and ventral colon obtained from 10 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Full-thickness tissue samples were collected from the dorsal colon in the area of the diaphragmatic flexure and the ventral colon in the area of the sternal flexure. Samples were cut into strips oriented along the fibers of the circular muscle layer and mounted in a tissue bath system for determination of contractile strength. Incremental amounts of etodolac, nabumetone, and indomethacin were added, and contractile activity was recorded. RESULTS: Response of the dorsal and ventral colon to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was variable. Indomethacin induced the greatest reduction in contractile activity, followed by nabumetone. For etodolac, the difference from baseline values was only significantly reduced at the highest concentration used (1 X 10(5)M) for the ventral colon. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NSAIDs that are designed to target the COX-2 isoform appeared to have variable effects on the contractile activity of the equine dorsal and ventral colon. Etodolac appeared to have the least effect on contractile activity, compared with the effects attributable to nabumetone, and would potentially have the fewest adverse effects relative to motility of the dorsal and ventral colon.  相似文献   

Scientific evidence. Judge rejects cancer data in Maryland cell phone suit     

Parascandola M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5592):338

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Recent ruling of the Federal Court about off-label use of veterinary products     

Morrison M 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(5):267

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Treatment with pergolide or cyproheptadine of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (equine Cushing's disease)     

Donaldson MT  LaMonte BH  Morresey P  Smith G  Beech J 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(6):742-746

Medical records of 27 horses (including 13 ponies) treated with pergolide or cyproheptadine for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction were reviewed to determine the effect of treatment on plasma ACTH, insulin, and glucose concentrations and clinical signs. Prior to treatment, the most common clinical signs were laminitis, hirsutism, and abnormal body fat distribution. The median pergolide dose was 3.0 microg/kg p.o. q24h (range, 1.7-5.5 microg/kg). All horses treated with cyproheptadine were given 0.25 mg/kg p.o. q24h. After pergolide treatment, ACTH concentrations (n = 20; median = 30.4 pg/ml; range, 4.2-173) were significantly lower (P < .01) than those in horses treated with cyproheptadine (n = 7; median = 141.0 pg/ml: range, 10-1,230). Among horses treated with pergolide, there was a correlation between ACTH concentration after treatment and the duration of treatment (P < .001) and pergolide dose (P = .04). Significantly (P = .02) more owners of horses treated with pergolide (85%, 17/20) reported an improvement in clinical signs compared to owners of horses treated with cyproheptadine (28%, 2/7).  相似文献