Simultaneous X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence microanalysis on secondary xylem of Norway spruce     

Kari Pirkkalainen  Marko Peura  Kirsi Lepp?nen  Ari Salmi  Antti Meril?inen  Pekka Saranp??  Ritva Serimaa 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(6):1113-1125

Secondary xylem of Norway spruce was studied by X-ray microanalysis. Average dimensions of cellulose crystallites, fraction of oriented cellulose, mean microfibril angle, and nutrient element concentrations of K, Ca, Mn, and Zn were simultaneously determined using microfocused synchrotron radiation and a combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The variation of these quantities in the microscopic size scale was noticeable, and similar between samples taken from the same annual ring. The mean microfibril angle and the nutrient concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Zn showed a correlation. The mean values of the structural parameters and their variation as a function of the annual ring were similar as reported in previous studies on Norway spruce.  相似文献   

Plant Accumulation of Natural Radionuclides as Affected by Substrate Contaminated with Uranium-Mill Tailings     

Marko Černe  Borut Smodiš  Marko Štrok  Radojko Jaćimović 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(11):371

Environmental concern due to plant accumulation of natural radionuclides is a major concern in uranium mining areas. To evaluate the risk associated with the transfer of radionuclides to edible plants, the uptake of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²¹⁰Pb by Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt) grown in soils contaminated with uranium-mill tailings (UMT) was investigated. Test plants were grown under controlled conditions in substrate composed of soil and UMT in different ratios. Activity concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²¹⁰Pb in substrate, leaves, and roots were measured and the concentration ratios determined. Soil characteristics were determined, since they directly affect bioavailability of radionuclides. Concentration ratios of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²¹⁰Pb in leaves varied from 0.001 to 0.006, 0.024 to 0.172, and 0.004 to 0.011, respectively, and in roots from 0.020 to 0.126, 0.015 to 0.241, and 0.033 to 1.460, respectively. Concentrations of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²¹⁰Pb in leaves and roots were found to correlate with the amount of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, and ²¹⁰Pb in the substrate. A higher amount of ²²⁶Ra accumulated in aboveground parts (57–877 Bq kg^?1 d. m. for leaves) compared to ²³⁸U (0.6–4.7 Bq kg^?1 d. m. for leaves) and ²¹⁰Pb (8–53 Bq kg^?1 d. m. for leaves), which were mainly stored in the roots. The relationships between the amount of radionuclides in plants and soil characteristics and their role in radionuclide uptake are discussed and critically evaluated.  相似文献   

Driving forces for agroforestry uptake in Mediterranean Europe: application of the analytic network process     

Marko Lovrić  Mercedes Rois-Díaz  Michael den Herder  Andrea Pisanelli  Nataša Lovrić  Paul J. Burgess 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(4):863-876

The factors that determine the implementation of four alternative agroforestry practices or no agroforestry on a theoretical 200 ha farm in Mediterranean Europe were examined using an analytic network process (ANP) model. The four agroforestry practices considered were implementation of a form of (i) high natural and cultural value agroforestry, (ii) agroforestry with high value trees, and agroforestry for (iii) arable and (iv) livestock systems. The ANP model was developed in a participatory manner through a systematic series of quantitative questionnaires and workshops with agroforestry researchers. In general, all the Mediterranean agroforestry systems were associated with high benefits and opportunities, but also with high costs and high risks. The greatest benefits were attributed to high natural and cultural value agroforestry systems, which greatly contributed to the highest priority of this system. Overall ranking of priorities for the agroforestry management alternatives show robustness in the sensitivity analysis. The “no agroforestry” land use became the preferred option when costs were given a weighting of 0.50 or greater.  相似文献   

Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Human-Impacted Environment: A One Health Perspective   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James M. TIEDJE  WANG Fang  C&#;lia M. MANAIA  Marko VIRTA  SHENG Hongjie  MA Liping  ZHANG Tong  Edward TOPP 《土壤圈》2019,29(3):273-282

Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated components. This prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology:the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range dispersal. Recently, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments; now quantitative, mechanistic, and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.  相似文献   

The enhancement of bioactive potential in Vitis vinifera leaves by application of microspheres loaded with biological and chemical agents     

Marko Vinceković  Luna Maslov Bandić  Slaven Jurić  Nenad Jalšenjak  Ana Čaić  Irena Živičnjak 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(6):543-558

An overview of a research on Vitis vinifera plants treated with a chemical (calcium and magnesium ions) and biological (Trichoderma viride) agents simultaneously loaded in alginate microspheres was presented. Microspheres were applied at two growth stages: before flowering and berries pea-size. Physicochemical characteristics of leaves after the two growth stages and grapes were measured in terms of bioactive components content and antioxidant activity. After the treatments, vine leaves reached a significant increase in almost all measured parameters (polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, β-carotene, and chlorophyll) compared to the control. The highest total chlorophyll content was found after the treatment with microspheres containing Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ cations, and T. viride. The treatments enhanced Vitis vinifera leaves in terms of bioactive potential and can be further used as a functional food. As compared to the control, somewhat elevated values of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity were found on the grape samples.  相似文献   

Apical bud removal increased seed yield in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)     

Darja Kocjan Ačko  Marko Flajšman 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(4):317-323

In plants, apical dominance prevents the development of lateral shoots. It can be overwhelmed by apical bud defoliation, allowing numerous lateral buds to develop into more lateral branches carrying more fruits and possibly increasing seed yield. This study tested this hypothesis on five hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars in a 2-year field experiment. In comparison to the intact ones, the defoliated plants developed several lateral shoots. The hemp seed yield was significantly influenced by the year of production, the apical bud removal, and the cultivar. The average two-year seed yield of the defoliated plants (715?±?47?kg/ha) was significantly higher than the yield of the intact plants (568?±?35?kg/ha). Absolutely the greatest effect of apical bud removal on the seed yield was observed for the cultivar ‘Novosadska konoplja’, where increase was 225?kg/ha (25%); a slightly smaller difference occurred for the cultivar ‘Uniko-B’ (183?kg; 30%), followed by ‘Juso-11’ (140?kg/ha; 27%) and ‘Bialobrzeskie’ (128?kg/ha; 29). Cultivar ‘Beniko’ presented the smallest difference with apical bud removal – 58?kg/ha (15%) yield increase We maintain that hemp producers can achieve a larger seed yield not only by selecting an appropriate cultivar and row distance but also by removing apical buds.  相似文献   

Economic and policy considerations regarding hydropower and migratory fish          下载免费PDF全文

Emmi Nieminen  Kari Hyytiäinen  Marko Lindroos 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(1):54-78

Environmental standards have rarely been applied for promoting the joint production of hydropower and migratory fish. The objective of this study was to review existing research results on the effectiveness and costs of alternative measures improving fish migration, which are necessary for the development of environmental standards. The ranking of alternative measures indicates that cost‐effective combinations of measures are case‐specific and highly dependent on measure design, implementation and maintenance. In addition to tailored ex ante cost‐effectiveness analyses, other preconditions for cost savings include effective and affordable monitoring and enforcement, and cooperation among power companies that share water‐use rights within a river basin as well as among other stakeholders, such as the local community, fishermen and recreational users.  相似文献   

LAMARRE APPOINTED AS FIRST CANADA RESEARCH CHAIR AT OVC          下载免费PDF全文

Natasha Marko 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(3):178

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Polycystic kidney disease: a review and occurrence in Slovenia with comparison between ultrasound and genetic testing     

Domanjko-Petric A  Cernec D  Cotman M 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2008,10(2):115-119

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited autosomal kidney disease which is most commonly identified in Persian and Persian related cats. Positive cats have multiple cysts of various sizes that occur in the renal cortex and medulla and occasionally in other abdominal organs. PKD often leads to renal failure which occurs from mid to late in life. Renal cysts can be diagnosed ultrasonographically after 7 weeks of age by an experienced ultrasonographer and a high resolution machine. However, ultrasonography is now being replaced by genetic screening. A total of 340 cats of variable breeds aged from 5 months to 18 years were ultrasonographically examined in the past 7 years at the University Veterinary Small Animal Clinic. Of these, 13.8% were PKD positive with very high prevalence in Persian cats (36%). There was no sex predilection identified. The C>A transversion at position 3284 on exon 29 of PKD1 gene, resulting in a stop mutation has been identified in the heterozygous state in eight affected cats examined (Persian breed). All heterozygous cats were also ultrasonographically positive.  相似文献   

Risk aversion affects economic values of blue fox breeding scheme          下载免费PDF全文

J. Peura  R. Kempe  I. Strandén  L. Rydhmer 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(6):485-492

The profit and production of an average Finnish blue fox farm was simulated using a deterministic bio‐economic farm model. Risk was included using Arrow‐Prat absolute risk aversion coefficient and profit variance. Risk‐rated economic values were calculated for pregnancy rate, litter loss, litter size, pelt size, pelt quality, pelt colour clarity, feed efficiency and eye infection. With high absolute risk aversion, economic values were lower than with low absolute risk aversion. Economic values were highest for litter loss (18.16 and 26.42 EUR), litter size (13.27 and 19.40 EUR), pregnancy (11.99 and 18.39 EUR) and eye infection (12.39 and 13.81 EUR). Sensitivity analysis showed that selection pressure for improved eye health depended strongly on proportion of culled animals among infected animals and much less on the proportion of infected animals. The economic value of feed efficiency was lower than expected (6.06 and 8.03 EUR). However, it was almost the same magnitude as pelt quality (7.30 and 7.30 EUR) and higher than the economic value of pelt size (3.37 and 5.26 EUR). Risk factors should be considered in blue fox breeding scheme because they change the relative importance of traits.  相似文献